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Competency 12 requests all clinicians to be committed to cultural responsiveness, reflexivity, and self-awareness in every dimension throughout the entire career.
Competency standard 12.1 requests clinicians to learn about their own cultures. My understanding is that I need to thoroughly learn about my own cultures, including beliefs values and biases. Then I will be able to regulate my behaviours during working with people with migrant and refugee background. For example, in my cultural background, people have a bias on people with tattoos. If we see people with tattoos, we may assume that person is dangerous. So, during my working with people with migrant and refugee background, if I see someone with tattoos, I know exactly
Chinese people have that bias, so I can pay attention to treat that patient equally with all other patient. I must know myself first to conquer the biases in my mind.
For Competency standard 12.2, I understand that people with migrant and refugee background are under the influences from different and policies and laws with people that are born and grow up in Australia. If I see some of my patients with this background are in bad health conditions. I should understand that there is still a bias in our resource allocation. I should focus on my treatment, instead of being angry to the regarding department.
For Competency standard 12.3, I need to improve my understanding of others culture. I find it similar to caring people from a migrant and refugee background and Aboriginal peoples, after completing the unit NUR136. We cannot make assumption that people with migrant and refugee background are not able to care for their own health. We should treat each patient equally and respect their health decisions no matter what cultural background they have. I will try my best to avoid any behaviours that are inappropriate to the patient from other cultural background. Me myself is from a cultural background different from local Australians. I can better understand how hard it is to live in a country with a differentculture. And to become culturally responsive is essential to me in the workplace, because in fact I am the one of different cultural background here in Australia. I should not only learn the cultural of Australia but also learn the cultural of my patients.
Migrant & Refugee Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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When migrants/refugees come to Australia, their health are greatly impacted by the following social determinates.

Housing, basic amenities and the environment is a large problem. When refugees/migrants first come to Australia to settle, they are not able to find a house even if there are housing support programs. Some of them become homeless and live on the streets. Some of them are held in Australian immigration detention facilities for years. Living on the streets or in the detention facilities is harmful to both physical and mental health of migrants/refugees.

Education is also a very important part of social determinants of heath for migrants/refugees. Some migrants/refugees come from countries that don’t speak English. Language become a huge barrier when they come to Australia. Influent English makes migrants/refugees hard to receive good education as local English speakers in Australia. Besides, language barrier is also a huge problem when they access health services, they may not communicate with the health workers efficiently or effectively.

Another social determinant of health is access to affordable health services of decent quality. Most people have a reliable health insurance or Medicare, making them easy to access to affordable and decent health service. But for migrants/refugees, it is hard to afford health services. Needless to say, for those living in migrant facilities, inadequate health care problem is still ongoing (Public Interest Advocacy Centre, 2018).

Public Interest Advocacy Centre. (2018). In Poor Health: Health care in Australian immigration detention. https://www.piac.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/18.06.14-Asylum-Seeker-Health-Rights-Report.pdf
WHO. (2023) Social Determinants of Health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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In 2021, Australian government granted 876 permanent protection visas for people from India seeking for asylum. India is the most populous country in the world, At the same time, India has a very wide gap between the rich and the poor. Poor people have to live in overcrowded slums where five people live in one very small bedroom.

In Dharavi, the average life expectancy is less than 65 years, more than 10 years shorter than the average life expectancy of people in other parts of India. There, children play in open sewers and faeces and domestic sewage are discharged directly into the river (West, 2016).

Migrants/refugees arriving from India are likely to be present with Hepatitis B, malaria and infection of Helicobacter Pylori. According to Australian refugee health practice guide, these are top common health concerns to migrants/refugees of all ages (2023).

Hepatitis B

Experts recommend that we offer testing for hepatitis B virus infection to all the people from refugee-like background. Those who are tested positive should be counselled how to protect others from infection. And those who are non-immune should be vaccinated (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, 2023).

Intestinal parasite

People with intestinal parasite should be given empiric single-dose albendazole therapy to be effective against many of the common parasite (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, 2023).

Anaemia

people should so a full blood examination to determine the causes of anaemia. if it is caused by iron deficiency or Vitamin B12 deficiency. Simply treat with supplement of iron and Vitamin B12 will help (Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, 2023).

Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (2023). Anaemia. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hepatitis-b/
Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (2023). Hepatitis B virus. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hepatitis-b/
Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (2023). Intestinal Parasite. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hepatitis-b/

West, J. (2016, March 11). DHARAVI, INDIA'S MOST FAMOUS SLUM. https://asiancenturyinstitute.com/society/1094-dharavi-india-s-most-famous-slum#:~:text=While%20India's%20life%20expectancy%20is,Dharavi%20is%20not%20only%20squalor

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I think of disease as a part of the body not functioning properly. So, on the contrary, for me health is every part of the body functioning properly, both physically and mentally. Being mentally healthy doesn't mean that there is no stress, and it can be healthy to have stress, if you can adjust to it.

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A traditional way of eating healthy is put medicine into our daily eating. Medicine here refer to traditional Chinese medicine like herb. We put herbs in our food so that we can consume small amounts of herbs in our daily diet. This keeps us healthy. What's more interesting is that different herbs should be consumed in different seasons to achieve the best results.

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https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/433330795370213152/

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It was the dress from Han dynasty, but nowadays people re-designed it.
https://www.fashionhanfu.com/product/chinese-dress-traditional-ruqun/

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It is different from any western style of painting.
https://www.laviezine.com/1860/top-10-most-famous-chinese-paintings/

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Even though current Chinese football team play really bad, football was invented thousands of years ago in China!
https://www.zhihu.com/question/25519141

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Each of them has completely different traditions!
https://baike.so.com/gallery/list?ghid=first&pic_idx=6&eid=1602911&sid=1694459