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The process through which a cell duplicates its chromosomes and then separates them to create two nuclei that are identical in order to undergo cell division is known as mitosis. Normally, the cell's contents are equally divided into two daughter cells with identical genomes after mitosis (Mitosis, n.d.).

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Meiosis is the process by which a single cell divides twice, yielding four cells with half the original genetic material. These are the sperm and eggs, respectively, that make up our sex cells (What Is Meiosis?, n.d.).

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Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are the five morphologically unique phases of mitosis. Characteristic steps in the chromosome alignment and separation process are involved in each phase. The process known as cytokinesis divides the entire cell in half after mitosis is finished (Mitosis | Learn Science at SciTable, n.d.).

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During meiosis, a single starting cell can divide twice to create four gametes (eggs or sperm). Cells go through four phases during each round of division: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (Meiosis | Cell Division | Biology (Article) | Khan Academy, n.d.).

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Mitosis is a type of cell division for somatic cells and for the asexual reproduction of unicellular eukaryotic cells (National Center for Biotechnology Information, n.d.).

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Meiosis is the type of cell division for the production of gametes in sexual reproduction (National Center for Biotechnology Information, n.d.).

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The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes containing the two chromatids come together to form tetrads, joining at their centromeres (2n 4c). This is when “crossing over” occurs, which creates genetic variation (National Center for Biotechnology Information, n.d.-b).

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What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment? 

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What is Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment? 

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The alleles of two (or more) distinct genes are sorted into gametes independently of one another, according to Mendel's law of independent assortment. To put it another way, a gamete's allele for one gene does not affect the allele it receives for another (The Law of Independent Assortment (Article) | Khan Academy, n.d.).