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Here are the key steps of mitosis and meiosis, highlighting their differences:

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Here are the key steps of mitosis and meiosis, highlighting their differences:

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Mitosis:

1. Interphase: Cell growth and DNA replication, resulting in identical DNA.

2. Prophase: Chromatin condenses, and chromosomes become visible.

3. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.

4. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate, and identical daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles.

5. Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil.

6. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and two identical daughter cells separate.

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Here are the key steps of mitosis and meiosis, highlighting their differences:

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Here are the key steps of mitosis and meiosis, highlighting their differences:

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Meiosis:

1. Interphase: Cell growth and DNA replication, resulting in identical DNA.

2. Prophase I:

- Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material (crossing over).

- Chromatin condenses, and chromosomes become visible.

3. Metaphase I: Paired chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.

4. Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate, and each member of the pair moves to opposite poles.

5. Telophase I: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil.

6. Prophase II:

- No DNA replication occurs.

- Chromosomes condense again.

7. Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.

8. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids separate, and each moves to opposite poles.

9. Telophase II: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil.

10. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and four haploid daughter cells separate.

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- Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells with a full set of DNA (46 chromosomes in humans).

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- Meiosis produces four genetically unique daughter cells with half the DNA (23 chromosomes in humans).

- Meiosis involves crossing over and independent assortment, generating variation.

Chromosomes during meiosis:

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- Crossing over: Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, creating new combinations of alleles.

- Independent assortment: Homologous chromosomes separate independently during metaphase I, resulting in random combinations of chromosomes in the daughter cells.

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1. Condensation: Chromosomes condense and become visible as double structures, each consisting of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

2. Duplication: Each chromosome has already replicated its DNA during interphase, so each chromosome now consists of two identical sister chromatids.

3. Alignment: The condensed chromosomes line up at the cell's equator during metaphase, attached to the spindle fibers.

4. Separation: The sister chromatids separate during anaphase, moving to opposite poles of the cell.

5. Decondensation: The chromosomes uncoil and return to their interphase structure during telophase.

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﻿﻿Goal: Produce two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

﻿﻿Steps:

1. ﻿﻿﻿Interphase: Cell growth and DNA replication.

2. ﻿﻿﻿Prophase: Chromatin condenses, and chromosomes become visible.

3. ﻿﻿﻿Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.

4. ﻿﻿﻿Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

5. ﻿﻿﻿Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil.

6. ﻿﻿﻿Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and daughter cells separate.

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﻿﻿Goal: Produce four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

﻿﻿Steps:

1. ﻿﻿﻿Interphase: Cell growth and DNA replication.

2. ﻿﻿﻿Prophase I:

﻿﻿Homologous chromosomes pair and exchange genetic material (crossing over).

﻿﻿Chromatin condenses, and chromosomes become visible.

1. ﻿﻿﻿Metaphase I: Paired chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.

2. ﻿﻿﻿Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate, and each member of the pair moves to opposite poles.

3. ﻿﻿﻿Telophase I: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil.

4. ﻿﻿﻿Prophase II:

﻿﻿No DNA replication occurs.

﻿﻿Chromosomes condense again.

1. ﻿﻿﻿Metaphase II: Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.

2. ﻿﻿﻿Anaphase Il: Sister chromatids separate, and each moves to opposite poles.

3. ﻿﻿﻿Telophase II: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil.

4. ﻿﻿﻿﻿Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and four haploid daughter cells separate.

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Mendel's law of independent assortment states that alleles for different genes are sorted independently during meiosis, resulting in a random combination of alleles in the offspring

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diagram of the cell cycle or a microscopic image of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

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diagram of the cell cycle or a microscopic image of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis