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1996

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1789

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United States of America

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The eighth amendment illustrates that torture or excessive fines are prohibited in use against people who've been convicted of a crime.

The fifth amendment states that in court, a person has the right to not answer for a crime, and they can not be tried for a crime more than once.

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The first amendment states that Congress cannot create any laws prohibiting religious practices, preventing freedom of speech, or against the right to protest.

The second amendment protects the right for any U.S citizen to possess a firearm.

The third amendment states that no soldier either during time of peace or war is allowed to take shelter in someone's home without the owner's consent.

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The fourth amendment states that the government cannot seize the property of a citizen without cause.

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India gained independence from Great Britain in 1947. They gained this independence by undergoing many protests and struggles.

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to form associations or unions

to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.

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The Constitution of India was written in the Constitutional Hall, New Dehli.

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cant be denied equality in law and protection under law

No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence.

No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.

No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.

When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made and shall afford him the earliest opportunity of making a representation against the order.

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to freedom of speech and expression

to assemble peaceably and without arms

cant be discriminated because of race, disability, sex, religion, race etc

to move freely throughout the territory of India

to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

to establish and administer educational institutions

No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State.

No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreign State.

“Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability” shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.

There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State.

No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any employment or office under the State.

Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children.

No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

No law providing for preventive detention shall authorize the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless— ...

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1988

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Brazil

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All people are equal before the law, without any distinction whatsoever. Brazilians and foreigners residing in the country are ensured the right to life, liberty, equality, security, and property provided in the Brazilian Constitution. The authority of the people shall be exercised by universal suffrage and by direct or secret voting with equal value for all and according to the law mandatory to vote for people over eighteen years of age and optional for the illiterate, those over seventy, and those over sixteen and under eighteen years of age.

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The social rights of Brazil are education, health, food, work, housing, transportation, leisure, security, social security, protection of motherhood and childhood, and assistance to the destitute. These are set forth by the Constitution. Every Brazilian in a "social vulnerability situation" is granted family income by the state. Brazil also offers employment protected against arbitrary, unemployment insurance, national uniform minimum wage that is capable of meeting workers’ basic living needs, education, health, leisure, clothing, hygiene, transportation, and social security. Normal working hours do not excede eight hours per day and forty-four hours per week, as well as workdays of six hours for work carried out in continuous shifts. Brazilians are offered paid weekly rest, preferably on Sundays. Overtime pay rates are at least fifty percent higher than the regular pay rate and annual vacations are paid at least one third higher than the regular salary. Maternity and paternity leaves are allowed without loss of job or salary. Free assistance for children of up to five years old is also offered in daycare centers and pre-school facilities. There is a prohibition of any difference in wages, duties and employment decisions based on gender, age, color, or marital status.

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Professional or union association is free. The right to strike is guaranteed; workers are empowered to decide whether to go on strike or not. Voting is mandatory for everyone over the age of 18. It is optional for those who are illiterate, over 70 years old, and those over 16 but under 18 years of age.

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Republic of South Africa

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The right to fair labor practices, including the right to form and join trade unions, participate in their activities, and strike.

The right to choose one's trade, occupation, or profession freely, with regulations allowed by law.

The right to access adequate housing, with the state required to take reasonable measures for its progressive realization.

The right to access healthcare services, food and water, and social security, including social assistance if unable to support oneself and others.

The right to education, including basic and further education made available and accessible by the state through reasonable measures.

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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1789, and the French Constitution of October 4, 1958 and Charter of the Environment, 2004.

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Paris, France

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XIII. A common contribution being necessary for the support of the public force, and for defraying the other expenses of government, it ought to be divided equally among the members of the community, according to their abilities.

XIV. Every citizen has a right, either by himself or his representative, to a free voice in determining the necessity of public contributions, the appropriation of them, and their account, mode of assessment, and duration.

Art 4 – Each person shall be required, in the conditions provided for by law, to contribute to the making good of any damage he or she may have caused to the environment

Art 6 - Public policies shall promote sustainable development. To this end they shall reconcile the protection and enhancement of the environment with economic development and social progress.

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7. (Rights) The following rights are possessed by all the people in the country it applies to. The state must and will treat the rights given in the Bill of Rights with respect, protection, promotion, and fulfillment.

34. (Access to courts) Everyone possesses the right to bring a dispute to court to get it resolved.

35. (Arrested, detained, and accused persons) Everyone possesses the right to remain silent while charged with an offense and to be warned to do so, along with being brought to court no later than 48 hours or at the end of the first court day after the expiry of the 48 hours, if the 48 hours expire outside ordinary court hours or on a day which is not an ordinary court day.

36. Everybody accused of an offense possesses the right to a fair trial with fair conditions including enough time to prepare with preferred conditions set up (informed of charge ahead of time, going to a public trial before an ordinary court, no unreasonable court delays, etc).

12. (Freedom and Security of the person) Everybody possesses the right to security and freedom of themselves, including not to be deprived of liberty arbitrarily or without just cause, not to be detained without trial, to be free from all forms of violence from either public or private sources, not to be tortured in any way, and not to be treated or punished in a cruel, inhuman or degrading way.

9. (Equality) Everybody owns the right to be seen as equal before the law along with equal protection and benefit of the law. No one can be discriminated against in any way, including sex, race, pregnancy, gender, culture, age, beliefs, religion, ethnic/social origin, etc.)

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I. Preserving the nature and imprescriptibility of man's rights, including freedom, and property, is the end of all policy associations; Security, and the fight against oppression.

IV. The power to do whatever it takes to avoid harm to others is the essence of political liberty. The exercise of the natural rights of every man has no other limits than those which are necessary to secure to every other man the free exercise of the same rights, and these limits are determinable only by the law.

VII. No man should be accused, arrested, or held in confinement, except in cases determined by the law, and according to the forms which it has prescribed. All who promote, solicit, execute, or cause to be executed, arbitrary orders, ought to be punished, and every citizen called upon, or apprehended by the law, ought immediately to obey, and renders himself culpable by resistance.

VIII. The law ought to impose no other penalties but such as are absolutely and necessary, and no one ought to be punished, but in virtue of a law promulgated before the offense, and legally applied. IX. Every man being presumed innocent till he has been convicted, whenever his detention becomes indispensable, all rigor to him, more than is necessary to secure his person, ought to be provided against by the law.

X. No man ought to be molested on account of his opinions, not even on account of his religious opinions, provided his avowal of them does not disturb the public order established by law.

XVI. Every community in which a separation of powers and a security of rights is not provided for, wants a constitution.

XVII. The right to property being inviolable and sacred, no one ought to be deprived of it, except in cases of evident public necessity, legally ascertained, and on condition of a previous just indemnity.

XVIII. The right to property being inviolable and sacred, no one ought to be deprived of it, except in cases of evident public necessity, legally ascertained, and on condition of a previous just indemnity.

PREAMBLE The French people solemnly proclaim their attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789, confirmed and complemented by the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946, and to the rights and duties as defined in the Charter for the Environment of 2004. Under these principles and that of the self-determination of peoples, the Republic offers to the overseas territories that have expressed the will to adhere to them new institutions founded on the common ideal of liberty, equality, and fraternity and conceived for their democratic development.

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The right to life.

The right to have a basic education and a further education if it is accessible.

Everyone has the right to available housing. There home can not be demolished or the person cannot be evicted without an order from the court.

Anyone has the right to proper health care and reproductive health care. No one can refuse or be refused to emergency medical care.

All have the right to sufficient food and hydration sources.

Everyone has the right to social security, even if they are unable to take care of themselves.

No one may be set at a disadvantage property ownership, except in terms of general laws.

Anyone has the right to inherit dignity, and the dignity may be respected.

Everyone has the right to a healthy and clean environment.

Anyone has the right to choose their trade and occupation.

Everyone has the right to freedom of association.

Everyone has the freedom to express their feelings, thoughts, and actions on social media, art, and scientific research.

Everyone has the right to freedom of conscience, religion, thought, belief and opinion.

Everyone has the right to privacy, including houses not being searched, property being searched, or possessions being seized.

No one may be subjected to slavery, servitude or forced labor.

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I. Men are born, and always continue, free and equal in respect of their rights. Therefore, only the utility of society can be regarded as a basis for distinctions.

III. The nation is the source of all sovereignty; no individual or group of persons may be entitled to any authority other than that which they have been granted. It's directly derived from it.

V. Only activities which are detrimental to society should be prohibited by law. There should not impede what is not prohibited by the law; nor should there be any. compelled to that which the law does not require

VI. The law is an expression of the will of the community. In its creation, all citizens have the right to express their views either personally or by a representative. It should be the same to all, whether it protects or punishes; and all being equal in its sight, are equally eligible to all honors, places,

and employments, according to their different abilities, without any other distinction than that created by their virtues and talents.

XI. The unrestrained communication of thoughts and opinions being one of the most precious rights of man, every citizen may speak, write, and publish freely, provided he is responsible for the abuse of this liberty, in cases determined by law.

XII. A public force being necessary to give security to the rights of men and of citizens, that force is instituted for the benefit of the community and not for the particular benefit of the persons to whom it is intrusted.

XV. Every community has had a right to demand of all its agents an account of their conduct.

Article 1. France shall be an indivisible, secular, democratic and social Republic. It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, without distinction of origin, race or religion. It shall respect all beliefs. It shall be organised on a decentralised basis. Statutes shall promote equal access by women and men to elective offices and posts as well as to position of professional and social responsibility.

Article 2. The language of the Republic shall be French. The national emblem shall be the blue, white and red tricolour flag. The national anthem shall be La Marseillaise. The maxim of the Republic shall be “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”. The principle of the Republic shall be: government of the people, by the people and for the people.

Article 3. National sovereignty shall vest in the people, who shall exercise it through their representatives and by means of referendum. No section of the people nor any individual may arrogate to itself, or to himself, the exercise thereof. Suffrage may be direct or indirect as provided for by the Constitution. It shall always be universal, equal and secret. All French citizens of either sex who have reached their majority and are in possession of their civil and political rights may vote as provided for by statute.

Article 4. Political parties and groups shall contribute to the exercise of suffrage. They shall be formed and carry on their activities freely. They shall respect the principles of national sovereignty and democracy. They shall contribute to the implementation of the principle set out in the second paragraph of article 1 as provided for by statute. Statutes shall guarantee the expression of diverse opinions and the equitable participation of political parties and groups in the democratic life of the Nation

Art 1 – Each person has the right to live in a balanced environment which shows due respect for health.

Art 2 – Each person has a duty to participate in preserving and enhancing the environment.

Art 3 – Each person shall, in the conditions provided for by law, foresee and avoid the occurrence of any damage which he or she may cause to the environment or, failing that, limit the consequences of such damage

Art 5 - When the occurrence of any damage, albeit unpredictable in the current state of scientific knowledge, may seriously and irreversibly harm the environment, public authorities shall, with due respect for the principle of precaution and the areas within their jurisdiction, ensure the implementation of procedures for risk assessment and the adoption of temporary measures commensurate with the risk involved in order to deal with the occurrence of such damage.

Art 7 – Each person has the right, in the conditions and to the extent provided for by law, to have access to any information pertaining to the environment in the possession of public bodies and to participate in the public decision-making process likely to affect the environment.

Art 8 - Education and training with regard to the environment shall contribute to the exercising of the rights and duties set out in this Charter.

Art 9 - Research and innovation shall contribute to the preservation and development of the environment. Art 10 - This Charter shall inspire France’s actions at both a European and an international level