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1. Choose a spokesperson

2. All students in the group are to work on all of the following questions/sections included in the Padlet

3. You can use diagrams/images other visual resources to explain each respiratory condition.

4. When we come back to the whole class, the spokesperson will feedback the groups findings, with the teams support

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Asthma is a chronic obstructive inflammatory condition that is characterised by the inflammation and narrowing of the airways, usually in response to a trigger.

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2. Is it obstructive or restrictive? Why?

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2. Is it obstructive or restrictive? Why?

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Obstructive due to the narrowing of the airways, increasing resistance. Which makes it difficult for the air to pass through.

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3. How does the condition effect lung compliance and/or airway resistance?

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3. How does the condition effect lung compliance and/or airway resistance?

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Increases airway resistance
- bronchoconstriction of smooth muscles
- excess mucus, thickening

Lung compliance
- chronically can lead to decreased compliance due to hyperinflation

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4. Explain the role of V/Q mismatch in this condition.

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4. Explain the role of V/Q mismatch in this condition.

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Due to the restriction on the airway this results in reduced ventilation, unaffected perfusion and is therefore classed as a LOW VQ ratio.

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5. How is oxygenation and ventilation affected? Eg. consider O2 content, O2 delivery, alveolar ventilation 

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5. How is oxygenation and ventilation affected? Eg. consider O2 content, O2 delivery, alveolar ventilation 

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Typically asthma does not present as hypoxia.
During acute/severe attacks this will change.
During a severe asthma attack the patient may require ventilation and oxygenation.

1. Asthma affects airways not the alveoli. Air (oxygen) is still able to enter the airway and make its way into the alveoli and therefore cross into your blood, maintaining Oxygen levels. The issue lies with the inability to exhale properly.

2. Not all of the airways are affected in asthma. Lungs will vasoconstrict in order to shunt blood flow to non affected areas of the lung. This helps to ventilate the areas that are not obstructed.

3. Hyperventilation helps to get air in. Maintain Oxygen levels and decrease CO2.

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6. What type of respiratory failure would this condition lead to?

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6. What type of respiratory failure would this condition lead to?

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Type 1, progresses to Type 2

Initially is Type 1 as ventilation is inhibited

As becomes more severe, proceeds to Type 2 as the patient becomes hypercapnic due to exhaustion.

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8. What are the typical clinical manifestations/ patient assessment data? (relate these to pathophysiology concepts already described)

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8. What are the typical clinical manifestations/ patient assessment data? (relate these to pathophysiology concepts already described)

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Main symptoms are:
-Wheezing; this is the sound of the air vibrations due to flow being obstructed by the smooth muscle constricted and the mucus movement in the airways.
- Cough; to clear the airway and force the CO2 and secretions out of the airways.
- Shortness of breath; is caused by a feeling of can't get enough air flow, due to poor ventilation to the alveoli and from in the bronchiole.

Clinically:
- increased RR
- tachycardia
- normal to low SpO2
- cyanosis
- pale and diaphoretic
- anxious
- tripod position

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9. OPTIONAL: Important vocabulary (include list of key vocabulary referenced; if you do not know the term(s), look up and add a definition for the word(s))

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9. OPTIONAL: Important vocabulary (include list of key vocabulary referenced; if you do not know the term(s), look up and add a definition for the word(s))

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Air trapping
Bronchodilators
Bronchospasm