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"Tangier is not like the rest of Africa. This is a port, and every port has its thieves." (Coelho 38)
The author is used irony because when the new friend warns Santiago about thieves, the new friend is a thief.

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“He knew that wind: people called it the levanter, because on it the Moors had come from the Levant at the eastern end of the Mediterranean.” (Coelho 28)
Levanter here symbolizes freedom.

“As the boy converses with the old king, "a butterfly appeared and fluttered between him and the old man." (Coelho 30)
The butterfly symbolizes a good omen and transformation. This means that the goal that the boy has chasing will change.

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“They trust me, and they’ve forgotten how to rely on their own instincts, because I lead them to nourishment.” (Coelho 7)

It's written here that the boy said the sheep believed in him very much. This is a metaphor because at the later part of the story the boy trusted a thief so much that he was deceived and stole property. It's a metaphor for boys being as trusting as sheep.

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"I told you that your dream was a difficult one. It's the simple things in life that are the most extraordinary; only wise men are able to understand them." (Coelho 15)
Here, the author uses foreshadowing, this is a quote from gypsy, the old woman who predicted what Melchizedek would look like.

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“They never have to make any decisions, he thought. Maybe that’s why they always stay close to me.” (Coelho 7)
Here is the boy's inner thoughts. He thought he was very powerful because he led the sheep to find food and water, and the sheep trusted him. He thinks he has a connection with sheep.

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 (The Alchemist. (2022, September 12). Art by Karlen. https://artbykarlen.com/portfolio/the-alchemist/）

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The story talks about a boy named SANTIAGO. He is a shepherd and moves travels around with his sheep. His family made him very educated, and wished him to found a job in his hometown liked everyone else. But, Santiago loves travel and persuaded his father allowing him to become a shepherd and travel around the world. As a shepherd he doesn’t has a lots of worries, until a day he met a girl in the town. After that day he keeps on thinking about the girl everyday, and wish the next year could come earlier and he could go to the girls town. Santiago also had another worry, which is his dreams. He dreams of there is treasure in Egypt, and he had never been to Egypt. So, Santiago went to a gypsy priest and asked about his dreams. The priest told him about the dreams and asked him for one tenth of his treasure after he finds it. Santiago didn’t really believe what the priest told him, until he met a man whom changes his life, the king of Salem. The king noticed the boy on the street and come over talk to Santiago. During their conversation the old man suddenly said to Santiago “Give me one tenth of you sheep, and I will tell you how to find the hidden treasure.”The old man and Santiago discussed about Personal Legend and how people lived the same everyday. The king’s saying slowly changes the way the boy thinks…

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1) The pursuit of one's personal legend: Santiago sets out on a journey to live out his personal legend in The Alchemist, Part 1.  This theme explores the notion that each person has a distinct life purpose or destiny that they are free to follow.  Santiago encounters challenges and failures along the way, but he stays committed to his objective, illustrating the value of tenacity and perseverance in realizing one's aspirations.

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2) The strength of intuition and following one's heart: Santiago relies on his intuition and follows his heart to guide him on his quest throughout Part 1 of The Alchemist. This theme examines the notion that, even when it may not be the most sensible or rational course of action, our gut feelings and inner guidance can frequently point us in the correct direction. Santiago's story demonstrates the value of self-belief and taking calculated chances in order to achieve what is genuinely important in life.