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Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language. It examines how speech sounds are organized within a language, how they function to create meaning, and how they interact with each other according to systematic rules.

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The customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group also : the characteristic features of everyday existence (such as diversions or a way of life) shared by people in a place or time

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Grammar is the set of rules that govern how words are combined to create meaningful sentences in a language. It encompasses various aspects like parts of speech, sentence structure, and punctuation.

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It is like a dictionary that has a set of words that are part of the vocabulary of a language, a region or a person.

Example:The lexicon of panama includes words such as “qué sopa”, ‘meto’ and “pa ya”.

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A dialect is a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. In Panama, there are various dialects of Spanish, influenced by indigenous languages, English, and other factors. For example the Spanish spoken in Bocas del Toro incorporates elements of "guari-guari," a mix of Spanish, English, and indigenous languages.

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Linguistics is the scientific study of language.

It examines how language is structured and used.

Natural languages are analyzed in form and function.

Grammar, phonetics, semantics, and syntax are key areas.

Understanding language helps explain human cognition.

It explores how we acquire, process, and change language.

Sociolinguistics studies how language varies across communities.

The discipline connects language with culture and identity.

Interdisciplinary by nature, it links to psychology, anthropology, and more.

Communication is at its core, spoken, written, and signed.

Studying linguistics deepens our knowledge of human expression.

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Phonetics is the study of speech sounds, specifically how they are produced, transmitted, and perceived. Also phonetic is important because helps us pronounce words correctly, shows how speech sounds work in different languages and helps learners improve their speaking and listening skills.

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In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language. Most approaches to morphology investigate the structure of words in terms of morphemes, which are the smallest units in a language with some independent meaning.

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Language refers to a form of communication, whether verbal or written, used by a group of people to communicate. It is a set of grammatical rules that are combined following certain rules, it is learned and shared within a community of speakers and that have continuously evolved over time, new words have emerged, grammar and rules of use in this way it allows people to express ideas, feelings and knowledge, facilitating social interaction. Language is essential to form cultural and national identities, this allows the transmission of values, customs through generations, on the other hand we could mention that in the world there are thousands of languages but the most spoken could be said to be: Spanish, Mandarin Chinese and English.

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Phonetics is the study of how we generate, transmit, and understand sounds.

Sounds are produced in different parts of the mouth.

Main areas of Phonetics:

1. Articulatory Phonetics

2. Acoustic Phonetics

3. Auditory Phonetics

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For me, a second language (L2) is any language a person learns after their first language (L1).

It is usually learned formally or informally after early childhood. It is not only a communication tool, but also a gateway to new cultures, ideas, and ways of thinking.