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An abrasion is a wound caused by friction when skin rubs or scrapes against a rough surface.

Initial Care:

Clean the wound with mild soap and water.

Gently remove any dirt or debris.

Apply an antibiotic ointment.

Cover with a clean bandage.

Post Care:

Change the bandage daily.

Watch for signs of infection.

No referral or sutures usually needed unless the abrasion is deep or very large.

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A laceration is a deep cut or tear in the skin or flesh, often caused by sharp objects like knives or glass.

Initial Care:

Apply pressure to stop bleeding.

Clean with water and antiseptic.

Cover with sterile gauze or bandage.

Post Care:

May require sutures or steri-strips if deep or bleeding heavily.

Keep clean and dry.

Follow up with a doctor if signs of infection or poor healing.

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A puncture wound is a small but deep hole caused by a sharp, pointed object such as a nail or needle.

Initial Care:

Wash area thoroughly.

Do NOT remove embedded objects (if large or deep).

Control bleeding.

Seek medical attention.

Post Care:

Tetanus shot may be needed.

Monitor for infection.

Follow up for removal of any debris.

Possible referral depending on depth or contamination.

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An avulsion is a serious wound where a chunk of skin or tissue is torn away, often in accidents.

Initial Care:

Stop bleeding with pressure.

Rinse wound with clean water.

Wrap torn tissue in moist gauze if it’s still attached.

Call 911 or go to ER.

Post Care:

Likely needs stitches or surgery.

Pain management and possible antibiotics.

Referral to specialist may be required.

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An incision is a clean cut typically made by a sharp object, often during surgery.

Initial Care:

Stop bleeding with gauze and pressure.

Clean gently with antiseptic.

Bandage with sterile covering.

Post Care:

Sutures or staples usually required.

Keep wound clean and dry.

Follow post-op instructions for healing.

Monitor for infection.

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Universal precautions are safety steps used to prevent the transmission of bloodborne diseases. When caring for wounds:

Always wear gloves.

Wash hands before and after care.

Use clean tools and materials.

Dispose of blood-soaked materials safely.

These steps help protect both the caregiver and the injured person from infection or disease.

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Signs of Infection:

Redness that spreads

Swelling or increased pain

Pus or cloudy fluid

Warmth around the wound

Fever or chills

If these signs appear, seek medical attention immediately. Infection can spread and cause serious health issues.