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Long-term memory has two types, explicit and implicit, and they store memories retained over extended periods. Long-term memory can be enhanced by using spaced repetition, which is reviewing material at increasing intervals to increase it (Watts, 2021). It is important for students to improve their long-term memory because they learn so much overtime and have to use it all. If a student cannot remember math from 5th grade, they could struggle in high school. Working memory is used for tasks like reasoning, learning, and problem-solving. Multi-sensory learning is a good way to increase the working memory using visual aids and verbal instruction (Watts, 2021). Working memory is important as well because it helps people complete complex tasks. If a person cannot reason or problem-solve they will struggle in all aspects of life.

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Retention is the process of storing information in long-term memory and being able to use it in the future (Retention and Transfer of Learning, n.d.). If a student does not have retention they could not recall information, build on prior knowledge, or engage in deeper thinking. Transfer is the ability to apply knowledge and skills learned in one setting to a different setting (Retention and Transfer of Learning, n.d.). Students being able to transfer information allows them to make learning practical, they can problem-solve and adapt.

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What Occurs in the Brain in Relation to Trauma and Memory

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What Occurs in the Brain in Relation to Trauma and Memory

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Trauma can affect brain structure because it can alter the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. These regions being affected can lead to changes in emotional responses, memory processing, and learning in the classroom (University of Northern Colorado, 2022). Trauma can lead to gaps in someone’s memory or having memories linked to certain places, smells, or sounds.

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One strategy would be using movement and breathing to enhance your learning environment. There was a study in 2016 that showed olfactory oscillation, a phenomenon, causes the neurons in the olfactory system to activate when air enters the nose through the receptors at the tip of the nasal hairs, was proved to allow for better memorization (Lupeanu, 2023). This could be helpful for a student who has experienced trauma and needs a moment to calm down before jumping into learning. Having movements to remember things could also make learning more fun, especially for students who learn better by being hands-on or active.

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Using spaced repetition is a great way to improve memory and retention. There are some things you learn and forget, but if you review occasionally in class you will eventually never forget. A topic that spaced repetition is used a lot for is multiplication and division facts. It is also important for teachers to relate lessons to real life situations, if a student can relate to a topic they will remember it better.

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Watts, C. (2021, August 27). Different Types of Memory | Guidance on Teaching Methods. The Hub | High Speed Training. https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/different-types-of-memory/

University of Northern Colorado. (2022). Neurobiology of trauma. Assault Survivors Advocacy Program; University of Northern Colorado. https://www.unco.edu/assault-survivors-advocacy-program/learn_more/neurobiology_of_trauma.aspx

Retention and Transfer of Learning. (n.d.). Www.cfinotebook.net. https://www.cfinotebook.net/lesson-plans/fundamentals-of-instructing/retention-and-transfer-of-learning

Lupeanu, D. (2023, May 24). Five Teaching Strategies Backed Up by Neuroscience. KnowledgeOne. https://knowledgeone.ca/five-teaching-strategies-backed-up-by-neuroscience/