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What we know about effective instruction in general is the effective instruction for ELL students.

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What we know about effective instruction in general is the effective instruction for ELL students.

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Although effective general instruction provides a good base, it is not sufficient in providing accelerated growth in ELLs. 

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Although effective general instruction provides a good base, it is not sufficient in providing accelerated growth in ELLs. 

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There is a need to focus on language development with ELL students.

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There is a need to focus on language development with ELL students.

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Using Background knowledge or connecting to what the ELL students already know to build comprehension.

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Using Background knowledge or connecting to what the ELL students already know to build comprehension.

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Sheltered Instruction: If I am understanding correctly, this is where an emphasis is placed on content learning first in English without the use of (or minimal use of) the student's home language. 

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Sheltered Instruction: If I am understanding correctly, this is where an emphasis is placed on content learning first in English without the use of (or minimal use of) the student's home language. 

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"...instruction aimed at improving ELs' comprehension is likely to be more effective when ELs have relatively higher English skills, but less effect, ineffective, or even possibly counterproductive when their English skills are lower."

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"SIOP has yet to demonstrate more than a very modest effect on student learning"

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Utilize L1 as an enriching tool

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Familiar content increases comprehension

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"...instructional conversations produced deeper understandings of a complex concept at the heart of a story the students read, but this is different from story comprehension."

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Teachers cannot create and sustain the conditions for the productive development of children if those conditions do not exist for teachers

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Teachers cannot create and sustain the conditions for the productive development of children if those conditions do not exist for teachers

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Teacher collaboration with peers and having a set of clear guidelines is key to provide the best conditions for children

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There is surprisingly little research on common practices or recommendations for practice with the more than 5 million ELs in our nation’s schools, many of whom come from families in poverty and attend lower-resourced schools

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There is surprisingly little research on common practices or recommendations for practice with the more than 5 million ELs in our nation’s schools, many of whom come from families in poverty and attend lower-resourced schools

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The effects of reading instruction on ELs’ reading comprehension were uneven and often nonexistent even when comprehension skills were taught directly

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The effects of reading instruction on ELs’ reading comprehension were uneven and often nonexistent even when comprehension skills were taught directly

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Participation in instructional conversations is important in text comprehension

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Participation in instructional conversations is important in text comprehension

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Students who participate more in discussions and academic conversations succeed more often than students who do not

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Students who participate more in discussions and academic conversations succeed more often than students who do not

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Using multimedia sources to enhance understanding 

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Using multimedia sources to enhance understanding 

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Bilingual education tends to produce better outcomes in English; at worst, it produces outcomes in English equivalent to those produced by English immersion

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Bilingual education tends to produce better outcomes in English; at worst, it produces outcomes in English equivalent to those produced by English immersion

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I found it interesting that "multimedia enhanced instruction [like use of videos] helped to make read aloud vocab instruction more effective for ELs in preschool to 2nd grade, but no effect on the learning on non-ELs" (p. 8) - Jungyoon

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"It is an inconvenient truth: we lack the knowledge base to fully prepare teachers to help many of their English learner and language-minority students overcome the [achievement] gap" (p. 11) - Jungyoon

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"Learning to read in their home language helps ELs boost reading skills in English. Learning to read in the home language also maintains home language literacy skills"(p.9).

"Bilingual education produced superior reading outcomes in English compared with English immersion" (p.9). - Jungyoon

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"The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) has yet to demonstrate more than a very modest effect on student learning" (p. 7) - Jungyoon