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Biography of Galileo Galilei for Kids: Famous Astronomers and Scientists for Children - FreeSchool

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Mary Anning - Princess of Paleontology - Extra History

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Materials - Science for Kids | @PrimaryWorld

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How to make a collage with natural materials - Recycling artwork - Collage art

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Science for Kids - Learn about the types of Scientists! 🔭🔬

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unicef USA: For Children In Crisis, Water Is Life

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unicef USA: For Children In Crisis, Water Is Life

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For Children in Crisis, Water Is Life | UNICEFUSA

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Water is life: How clean water in Nigeria is keeping children and families safe

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 📑🌍 What are SDGs? 👧👦

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Clean Water and Sanitation 💧 SDG 6 🛁 Sustainable Development Goals for Kids

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Read Aloud Adventure | Learn Along Adventure

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Read Aloud Story - Peace Is An Offering by Annette LeBox

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What Is Matter? - The Dr. Binocs Show | Best Learning Videos For Kids | Peekaboo Kidz

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3 States of Matter for Kids (Solid, Liquid, Gas): Science for Children - FreeSchool

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States of Matter - General Science for Kids!

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BBC Bitesize: Particles In A Solid, Liquid and Gas

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BBC Bitesize: Particles In A Solid, Liquid and Gas

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Almost everything is made of particles.

Particles can be atoms, molecules or ions.

Particles behave differently in solids, liquids and gases.

The particle model explains the differences between solids, liquids and gases.

Watch this video to see a model of how are arranged in solids, liquids and gases.

Video Transcript Video Transcript

Solids, liquids and gases. In a solid like this brick, the particles are regularly arranged touching their neighbours and move only by vibrating. This explains why solids have a fixed shape.

In a liquid like water, the particles are randomly arranged. They move freely over each other, a bit like marbles in a bucket.This is why liquids can be poured.

In a gas, like helium, particles are widely spaced apart and move quickly and random directions. They have no fixed volume and fill the space of their container. They travel in straight lines until they hit something, like the walls of the container they're in, or each other.

Lots of materials are solid, such as paper, bricks, wood, metal, and ice.

The particles in solids are very close together, therefore they cannot usually be compressed or squashed. of attraction between the particles hold them together and keep them in place.

The particles in solids are arranged in a regular way. The particles in solids move only by vibrating about a fixed position. This gives solids a fixed shape and means that they cannot flow like liquids.

The hotter a solid gets, the faster its particles vibrate. This means that solids expand when they are heated.

Did you know?

When substances are heated and expand, their particles do not get any bigger.

When heated, the particles begin to vibrate more which causes them to move slightly further apart.

There are many different liquids such as; water, oil, fruit juice, and many others.

The particles in liquids are arranged in a random way, and are close together, touching many of their neighbours. There are some gaps, but liquids cannot usually be compressed or squashed.

The particles of a liquid have enough energy to break free of some of the forces of attraction between the particles. So particles in liquids can move around and can move over each other, allowing liquids to flow and be poured.

In a diagram of the particles in a liquid, make sure that they are mostly touching but randomly arranged.

If there are large spaces between the particles, you would be able to compress the liquid.

There are lots of different gases, such as the air we breathe or the helium used to fill balloons.

The particles in gases are widely spaced and randomly arranged, meaning they can be easily compressed or squashed.

The particles in a gas have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles, so are free to move in any direction. They move quickly in straight lines, colliding with each other and the walls of their container.

There are large spaces between the particles of a gas. These spaces between particles are empty, there is nothing in them.

Almost everything is made of particles, with the exception of electromagnetic waves, such as light and X-rays.

A particle is a single piece of matter from an element or a compound, which is too small to be seen, even with the most powerful microscope that you could find in a school science lab. Particles can be , or .

are used in science to help explain scientific concepts. The particle model is the name for the diagrams used to draw solids, liquids and gases.

In the model, the particles are shown as circles or spheres. However, the particles in ice, liquid water and steam look the same because they are all water, but in different states of matter.

Why do we use the particle model in science? The particle model is not exactly the same as real life. Can you think of a way in which it is different?

Shear-thickening liquid
Shear-thickening liquid is an unusual liquid that can be slowly poured but acts like a solid if quickly struck. Try making this at home.

You will need six spoonfuls of cornflour or custard powder and three spoonfuls of water.

1. Pour the cornflour into a container and slowly add water.

2. Mix gently. It is hard to mix the cornflour and water.

3. Stir the cornflour slime very slowly using the spoon. Then stir it quickly. Which is harder?

4. Using two fingers, hit the cornflour slime very quickly. What happens?
Now slowly place your fingers into the slime. What is different?

5. Pick up a little slime and roll it into a ball with your hands. How does it feel?
Now stop rolling. How does its behaviour change?

6. Try adjusting the amounts of cornflour and water and notice the effects.

Scientific investigations often involve things that can be changed, known as variables. Scientists often want to find out if changing one variable will make a difference to another variable.

More on The particle model of matter

Find out more by working through a topic

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What is the arrangement of particles in a solid, liquid and gas? - BBC Bitesize

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Find out what particle arrangements and movements are in solids, liquids, and gases in this BBC Bitesize KS3 physics guide.

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BBC Bitesize Evaporation and condensation

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Changes States of Matter: Evaporation, Condensation, and Freezing

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Changes States of Matter: Evaporation, Condensation, and Freezing

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Nonfiction Text Features | Jack Hartmann

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Water Cycle (3-5 Version)

What you will learn from this video What you will learn

Water on Earth is millions of years old and is constantly being recycled.

Water vapor is constantly evaporating from the surface of the Earth.

Water vapor in the air condenses to form clouds.

Water falls back to earth and the cycle repeats.

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List 2 ways the water cycle influences your day to day life.

How does water change during evaporation and condensation?

Draw the water cycle. Use labels "evaporation," "condensation" and "precipitation."

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Learn the steps of the water cycle: evaporation, condensation and percipitation. Our fun science video for kids in 3rd, 4th & 5th grade breaks it down!

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Pour yourself a glass of water and take a sip. Did you know that the water you've just swallowed is the same water that wooly mammoths, King Tutankhamun and the first humans drank? That's because Earth has been recycling water for over 4 billion years!

The world's water moves between lakes, rivers, oceans, the atmosphere and the land in an ongoing cycle called - you guessed it! - the water cycle. As it goes through this continuous system, it can be a liquid (water), a gas (vapour) or a solid (ice).

So, are all you budding young geographers ready to learn some splashing new facts? Then join NG KiDS as we take a look at the different stages of the wonderful water cycle...

Energy from the sun heats up the surface of the Earth, causing the temperature of the water in our rivers, lakes and oceans to rise. When this happens, some of the water "evaporates" into the air, turning into a gas called " vapour". Plants and trees also lose water to the atmosphere through their leaves. This process is known as " transpiration ".

As water vapour rises up high into the sky, it cools and turns back into a liquid, forming clouds. This process is called " condensation ". Currents high up in the air move these clouds around the globe.

The water cycle is also known as the "hydrologic cycle".

Precipitation

When too much water has condensed, the water droplets in the clouds become too big and heavy for the air to hold them. And so they fall back down to Earth as rain, snow, hail or sleet, a process known as " precipitation ".

Collection

The fallen precipitation is then "collected" in bodies of water - such as rivers, lakes and oceans - from where it will eventually evaporate back into the air, beginning the cycle all over again. How it is collected, depends on where it lands...

Some will fall directly into lakes, rivers or the sea, from where it will evaporate and begin the cycle all over again.

If the water falls on vegetation, it may evaporate from leaves back into the air, or trickle down to the ground. Some of this water may then be taken up by the plant roots in the earth.

In cold climates, the precipitation may build up on land as snow, ice or glaciers. If temperatures rise, the ice will melt to liquid water and then soak into the ground, or flow into rivers or the ocean.

Water that reaches land directly may flow across the ground and collect in the oceans, rivers or lakes. This water is called " surface run-off ". Some of the precipitation will instead soak (or "infiltrate") into the soil, from where it will slowly move through the ground until eventually reaching a river or the ocean.

And there you have it, gang - the ongoing water cycle!

Water can change from a solid to a gas, without becoming a liquid first. Through this process of "sublimation" our planet"s ice can evaporate directly into the air without melting!

Be sure to check out our water conservation primary resource. Great for teachers, homeschoolers and parents alike, show children 25 ways to help keep our oceans, rivers and streams clean...

Illustration: Getty Images UK

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The Water Cycle! - National Geographic Kids

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Earth has been recycling water for 4 billion years! Learn about the water cycle right here at NG Kids with clear diagrams and pictures.

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Reversible or Irreversible Changes To Matter

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Reversible or Irreversible Changes To Matter

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Reversible and Irreversible Changes to Matter