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A common map illustrating the Missouri Compromise of 1820 is from McConnell's Historical Maps of the United State, Published in 1919. Which shows the geographic division of free and slave territories. The map, often found in the Library of Congress collection, depicts the 36°30′ parallel line that divided the Louisiana Purchase, allowing slavery south of it and prohibiting it north, except in Missouri.  

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Politically, it was an early attempt to keep peace between North and South over slavery. Socially, it revealed deep divides about the morality and expansion of slavery. Economically, the south wanted new slave states for cotton production, while the north opposed slavery's spread. Although it temporarily calmed tensions, it set the stage for future sectional conflict.

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The Compromise of 1850 is the 1855 engraving, The United States Senate, A.D. 1850, created by Robert Whitechurch and engraved by Peter F. Rothermel, which depicts Senator Henry Clay presenting the Compromise to the Senate.

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SIGNIFICANCE:

Politically, it delayed war by balancing northern and southern interests. socially, it angered abolitionists who hated the new fugitive slave law. economically, the expansion of territory raised questions about whether slavery would move west. this compromise showed the temporary political deals could not solve moral and sectional tensions.

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An 1856 political cartoon by  titled "Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a Freesoiler" by John L. Magee illustrates the conflict following the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. 

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Politically, it divided the country and led to violence in Kansas. socially, it turned citizens into activists, as both pro and anti slavery groups rushed to influence votes. the event also strengthened the new republican party. it showed how democracy could fail when moral issues like slavery were left to popular vote.

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"Citizen Volunteers assisting the wounded in the field of Battle" by: Alfred R. Waud. This scene depicts civilian volunteers, doctors, and stretcher-bearers ministering to wounded Union soldiers on the battlefield. 

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Military, it stopped lees invasion of the north. politically, it gave Lincoln the confidence to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Socially, it shifted the unions focus to ending slavery, not just preserving the union. the battle marked a major Turing point in the war's purpose and international perception.

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Painting was created by James Walker between 1864 and 1870, The print portrays Longstreet's assault, more commonly known as Pickett's charge. The view surveys the scene from just behind the Union lines with the Confederate forces visible in the far distance. 

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Jul 1, – Jul 3, 1863, Battle of Gettysburg

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Jul 1, – Jul 3, 1863, Battle of Gettysburg

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Gettysburg was a major military victory that stopped the south from invading the North. It lifted social morale in the union and gave new meaning to the fight for equality. The outcome shifted the balance of power toward the Union

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 Oil painting created by Francis Bicknell Carpenter in 1864, This painting depicts President Abraham Lincoln and his cabinet discussing the draft of the proclamation. Carpenter painted it while using the State Dining Room of the White House as his studio.

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January 1, 1883, Emancipation Proclamation

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January 1, 1883, Emancipation Proclamation

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Politically, it changed the unions goal to include freedom. Socially, it gave African Americans new hope and encouraged many to join the union army. internationally, it discouraged Europe from supporting the confederacy. this document transformed the war to a moral fight against slavery.

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Thomas Nast created the engraving "Victory and Death; Our Martyred President" to mourn the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in April 1865, shortly after the event. The image, published in Harper's Weekly on April 29, 1865, depicts Columbia mourning the fallen president.  

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Lincolns death caused a major political change during reconstruction. His leadership was replaced by Andrew Johnson, who was less committed to social equality for freedmen. This weekend national unity and slowed progress.

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A famous image depicting the passage of the 13th Amendment is a drawing published in Harper's Weekly on February 18, 1865, showing the jubilant scene in the House of Representatives after the amendment passed.

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These amendments were political milestones that ended slavery and expanded citizenship and voting rights. They transformed the social meaning of freedom in America. Yet many southern states resisted, showing the limits of these changes.

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The author of the famous 1868 Harper's Weekly wood engraving titled "The Freedmen's Bureau" is Alfred R. Waud, and the image was created in 1868. The engraving depicts a Freedmen's Bureau agent standing between two armed groups of white and Black men. 

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The Freedmens Bureau was a social and economic program to support former slaves and help them build new lives. it created schools and offered basic aid to millions of people. Despite progress, limited funding and racism hurt its success

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Created by Thomas Nast in 1877,The cartoon shows Southern Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden, armed with a bloody sword and a shield that reads "Tilden or Blood". The caption, "Compromise—Indeed!," is highly sarcastic, suggesting that the "compromise" was a surrender to Southern threats rather than a fair negotiation.

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The Compromise of 1877 was a political deal that ended Reconstruction by removing federal troops. it allowed the south to create new social systems that excluded black citizens. This marked the beginning of segregation and Jim Crow laws.