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Kritika Joshi Thapa:- s4660010

Mahesha Samarakoon-s4684805

Prashansa Nagar-s3735246

Sonbinder Brar: -s4683649

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STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

This educational poster showcases how children can actively engage in STEM activities during their playtime. and it provides examples of how children can participate in these activities. For instance, water play is highlighted as a way to promote sensory development and teach scientific concepts like sink and float. The poster effectively uses visuals and simple examples to demonstrate how STEM can be integrated into early childhood settings.

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Children can learn about science in a fun and effective way to introduce young children to scientific concepts and foster their curiosity about the natural world in engaging ways through play. According to EYLF Outcome 4, "Children develop a range of skills and processes such as problem-solving, inquiry, experimentation, hypothesizing, researching and investigating".

Children at an early stage learn science in the following ways:

Observation: Children learn more when they observe things around them so as educators, we must take children on nature walks to observe plants, insects, animals, and other natural phenomena. And while on the walk we should provide magnifying glasses and binoculars for close-up exploration. We should be encouraging children to ask questions and make observations about their surroundings which will encourage their problem-solving skills and logical thinking. Provide notebooks, drawing materials, and cameras for recording observations. Create a nature journal where children can draw, write, and reflect on their scientific explorations.

Experimentation: Let children role-play as scientists. Children conduct simple science experiments with everyday materials. Examples include mixing baking soda and vinegar for a fizzing reaction, exploring buoyancy with floating objects, or observing plant growth from seeds. Educators will encourage children to predict outcomes and discuss their observations. Set up sensory stations with materials like water, sand, mud, or leaves, and let them explore different textures, colors, and smells. Discuss the sensory experiences and how they relate to the natural world around them.

Curiosity: Encouraging curiosity, questions, and exploration in the natural world is essential for fostering a love of learning and scientific inquiry in kindergarten children.

Allow time for exploration and discovery while they are on a nature walk. Encourage children to ask questions about what they observe during nature walks or outdoor activities. Use open-ended questions to stimulate curiosity and critical thinking. For example, "What do you wonder about this tree?" or "Why do you think birds build nests?"

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Technology involves using tools, creating new solutions, solving problems, and ensuring the effectiveness of different inventions.

technologies provide an additional platform for children to express their creativity and actively participate in the learning process. During the initial stages of childhood, young children go through a critical period of developing their initiative and creativity. They demonstrate a natural curiosity towards their surroundings and a strong interest in acquiring knowledge, theorist John Dewey emphasized the importance of incorporating technology into education, which often involves hands-on learning experiences that encourage children to explore their environment and engage in problem-solving tasks(Mooney, 2013)

These activities contribute to cognitive development and cultivate a passion for learning. Early childhood education plays a crucial role in establishing a foundation for lifelong learning and academic success by creating a positive and stimulating learning environment. According to Michael Hilkemeijer's publication on Technology in early childhood education, educators need to incorporate technology into inquiry-based learning in order to provide children with an authentic learning experience. This shift in mindset is crucial for understanding technology as a versatile tool that can be used to achieve various educational goals in today's digital age (Hilkemeijer, 2023).

EYLF Outcome 4 of the Early Years Learning Framework, children become confident and engaged learners when they resource their own learning by connecting with people, places, technologies, and natural materials (Department of Education, 2022).

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Ways to incorporate play into Technology 

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Ways to incorporate play into Technology 

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Tools can be handy.

Engaging in activities with tools can provide a range of experiences and opportunities for learning. Children can explore their creativity and develop their fine motor skills by working with various tools. For instance, they can use different writing tools such as pens, markers, highlighters, crayons, pastels, paint, brushes, clipboards, and a variety of paper types and sizes. Additionally, they can have fun playing with a light box or using a digital camera to document their activities, thoughts, or observations.

Technology is everywhere.

In addition, children can explore the world around them by observing objects using magnifiers such as magnifying glasses, microscopes, and binoculars. They can also learn about measurement by using various tools like scales, rulers, jugs, cups, and cylinders. Moreover, working with "transfer" tools like tongs, tweezers, turkey basters, syringes, forks, toothpicks, wheelbarrows, and wagons can enhance their fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination.

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some examples of how Technology integrates into the broader scope of STEM.

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The world is not limited by boundaries or categories, and children do not separate their thoughts into specific subjects. When considering technology within the realm of STEM, it is crucial to approach it with a holistic understanding of how the world functions - through systems thinking and project- or problem-based approaches. All STEM concepts are interconnected and mutually influential. Therefore, the focus should be on fostering critical thinking and learning processes, rather than just on the final outcome or acquired knowledge.

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Engineering is solving problems, using various materials, designing and creating, and building things that work (Boston Children's Museum, 2013, p. 3).

The children are naturally fascinated with building, connecting, and pulling apart things. Engineering from a young age can help children understand real-world technology and problems. Engineering is a hands-on experience, inquiry, teamwork, and other instructional practices that develop children's critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity.

Jean Piaget focused on children's cognitive development and how they process information and problem-solve. Cognitive development is important for knowledge growth and involves cause-and-effect, spatial relationships, problem-solving, imitation, memory, number sense, classification, and symbolic play.

Learning Outcome 4 of Australia's Early Years Learning Framework encourages children to become confident and involved learners. Children's hands-on exploration within the construction area indicates active learning. The children directing their play, clarifying their intentions, making decisions, and solving problems are all crucial aspects of education. Playing with blocks and construction, children display their budding spatial awareness, creativity, and understanding of cause and effect - crucial cognitive developments at this stage.

We can offer various play experiences for children, using blocks, beads, sticks, ribbons, stones, and rings, with infinite possibilities for play. Children can use loose parts and other open-ended objects to line up, scatter, carry, knockabout, take apart, make robots, buildings, garages, shopping malls, houses, castles, and zoos, put them together, and redesign them in myriad ways using their cognitive thinking and creativity. The objects' shape, location, and structure differences help children develop engineering and math concepts.

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Mathematics plays a vital role in children's development because it allows them to make sense of their surroundings, analyse incidents, and solve the challenges of everyday life. Teaching mathematics through play in the early years is both engaging and effective. Math language enables children to express their growing understanding of mathematical concepts. It involves recognising numbers, counting, solving number issues, measuring, estimating, sorting, recognising patterns, and applying basic calculations.

Early childhood education provides many opportunities for children to think numerically during their daily routine, including activities, meal time, mat time, and outdoor play (Resources for Early Learning, n.d.).

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Everyday play and activities

Everyday activities provide numerous opportunities for incorporating mathematics into a child's development. During indoor play, educators can encourage children to compare and organize objects based on size. Group items and examine the notions of "same" and "different”, use spatial language to express where things are (e.g., above, below, next to) ex-construction play, block play

Playground time offers numerous chances for math learning such as counting steps on the climbing frame, counting scoops of sand, measuring how high they can swing, or organizing races with a start and finish line.

During meal time Involve children in setting the table with the correct number of plates, forks, spoons, and cups.

Exploring through open-ended and playful exploration

Educators create playful math activities, such as playdough mats, sorting and categorizing a variety of objects, Puzzle play, counting through number recognition, and puzzle play. Highlight mathematical concepts in children's play.
Encourage children's curiosity and thinking as they investigate challenges with mathematics.

Discuss Math Concept

Discuss math concepts in daily situations, such as finding matching socks. Point out shapes, numbers, patterns, sizes, and time. Use descriptive words to describe height, length, weight, speed, and order.

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The main objective of this poster is to enhance families' comprehension of STEM, the poster effectively showcases the significance of incorporating STEM into children's learning and emphasizes the variety of STEM activities available. It also underscores the idea that children can gain knowledge beyond the confines of traditional educational settings. Creating an infographic poster on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) for early childhood education is justified by the growing recognition of the importance of STEM learning in the early years. The poster serves as a visual tool to communicate key concepts, benefits, and strategies for integrating STEM into early childhood. Research by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) emphasizes the significance of STEM learning in fostering critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a deeper understanding of the world (NAEYC, 2020). The use of child-friendly visuals, bright colors, and simple language in the poster design was informed by research on effective communication strategies for young audiences by making the information visually appealing and accessible, the poster aims to capture children's attention and stimulate their curiosity about STEM subjects.

By providing visual examples of science experiments, technology exploration, engineering challenges, and math adventures, the poster encourages educators and families to create rich learning experiences that stimulate children's curiosity and creativity.

Additionally, STEM plays a vital role in fostering resilience in children, ultimately shaping them into resilient adults.

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Department of Education. (2022). Belonging, being & becoming: The early years learning framework for Australia V2.0. https://www.acecqa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-01/EYLF-2022-V2.0.pdf

Hilkemeijer, M. (2023, March 13). Early Science and Technology |STEM in Early Childhood|. ICTE Solutions. https://www.ictesolutions.com.au/blog/science-and-technology-in-early-childhood-education/

Holdom, J. (2018, May). Science, technology, engineering and mathematics learning through the lens of Te whāriki: He whāriki mātauranga mō ngā mokopuna o Aotearoa: Early childhood curriculum. Retrieved from He Kupu The Word: https://www.hekupu.ac.nz/article/science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics-learning-through-lens-te-whariki-he-whariki

Mooney, C. G. (2013). Theories of Childhood: An Introduction to Dewey, Montessori, Erikson, Piaget, and Vygotsky (2nd ed.). Redleaf Press

National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). (2020). STEM in early childhood education. Retrieved from https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/initiatives/STEM

Resources for Early Learning. (n.d.). Module: Engaging Children in Math. [online] Available at: http://resourcesforearlylearning.org/educators/module/20/9/33/.

Perry, B., & Dockett, S. (2007). Play and mathematics (pp. 1–4). Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers.