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A vizier (a civil officer in ancient Egypt having viceregal powers) during the early reign of King Teti of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt.

Sought to insure that human beings performed right deeds because they were right rather than because they sought personal advantage.

He saw good service as the object of pleasing God and believed that one must have compassion and respect for all living creatures.

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"If he who listens, listens fully, then he who listens becomes he who understands."

"A perfect word is hidden more deeply than precious stones. It is to be found near the servants working at the mill-stone."

Ptahhotep's proverbial sayings upheld obedience to a father and a superior as the highest virtue, but they also emphasized humility, faithfulness in performing one's own duties, and the ability to keep silence when necessary.

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How  Ancient Egypt differs from British Values

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How  Ancient Egypt differs from British Values

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The philosophy of Ancient Egypt differs from British Values in many aspects, one being Cultural Context: Ancient Egyptian philosophy emerged within the context of a polytheistic society where religion, mythology, and spirituality played integral roles in daily life. In contrast, modern British values are largely shaped by a Judeo-Christian heritage but are increasingly secular, emphasising principles such as democracy, individual rights, and the rule of law.

Political Structure and Governance: Ancient Egypt was characterised by a monarchy with the pharaoh as both political leader and divine representative. The society was hierarchical, with a strong centralised government. In contrast, modern British values uphold principles of democracy, with power vested in elected representatives, separation of powers, and respect for human rights and civil liberties.

Ethics and Morality: Ancient Egyptian ethics were often intertwined with religious and societal norms, emphasising virtues such as truthfulness, loyalty, and social harmony. Modern British values are influenced by various philosophical traditions, including utilitarianism, liberalism, and humanism, which prioritise concepts like liberty, justice, and the greatest good for the greatest number.

Attitudes Toward Knowledge and Learning: Ancient Egyptian philosophy valued knowledge, particularly in fields such as astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. However, much of this knowledge was intertwined with religious beliefs and rituals. Modern British values place a premium on education, critical thinking, and scientific inquiry, with an emphasis on evidence-based knowledge and intellectual freedom.

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What could we learn from Egyptian philosophers?

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What could we learn from Egyptian philosophers?

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Concept of Ma’at

Egyptian philosophy was deeply rooted in cosmology and mythology. One of the most important gods was Ma’at. She represented order, balance, and truth. Those concepts were very important for the Egyptian society. The idea of balance between all aspects of life, truth, and order was important for personal well-being and the functioning of a peaceful society. Over the years we forgot about the importance of self-awareness and well-being, therefore focusing on inner health as a significant part of existence could be an example of what we can learn from Egyptian philosophers, as well as kindness, honesty, and respect for others, underlined by moral aspects of their philosophy.

https://egyptianmuseum.org/deities-Maat#:~:text=Ma'at%20was%20the%20goddess,she%20was%20depicted%20with%20wings.

https://natalieelliot.oucreate.com/philosophical-relevance-of-ancient-egyptian-ethics/

https://philpapers.org/archive/DELTMO-22.pdf

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The African Origins of Greek Philosophy: Ancient Egypt in Retrospect:

https://philarchive.org/archive/ANATAO-2

- The wise man can be said to teach in order to open the door to the mind of the pupil. The wise man is said to attempt to grasp with clarity and certainty, knowledge, which should ultimately lead him to truth (also known as the Ma’at).

- Ma’at is one of the key concepts of Egyptian philosophy. It expresses the embodiment of perfect virtue, and implies what was real or reality.

- Ma’at consists in all things that possess actuality, transcending all realms of reality to the divine: the cosmic, the physical, the political and the familial.

- A just society was a manifestation of Ma’at, for it expressed other crucial meanings of truth, justice, righteousness, and rightness. Therefore, it was the highest moral law known to Ancient Egyptians. They lived in the light of the principles of right conduct.

- The Pharaoh (the royal palace) was truly a real (Maa) king, a divine leader, and a spiritual king, using divine principles of the Ma’at to govern his empire.

- The Egyptians possessed a revolutionary concept of existence. A true being is capable of movement, hence, non-being for the Egyptian was static. Therefore, the concept of “being” is crucial to the concept of universe, which had the material sun (Ra), known as the “sun-god” at the centre, ordering all things.

- Egypt also developed the tool of logic as a principle of reasoning, to deal rationally with the problems they encountered, utilising a systematic, and logical methodology.

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Ancient Egyptian Religion (2024)

http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/lessons/ancient-egyptian-religion#:~:text=Throughout%20much%20of%20ancient%20history,them%20were%20equal%20in%20significance.

- Religion was central to ancient Egyptian culture.

- Religion was polytheistic – they recognise many gods, goddesses, and divine beings. Some rose to the status of state deities, and received national attention, some received devotion in local areas, and others recognised in very specific circumstances of life.

- Ancient Egyptians envisioned gods as a variety of forms, this included human form, an animal form, and a form that combined human and animal components (most often a human body with an animal head).

- Belief - amulets placed with burials were intended to protect deceased Egyptians, and assists them in reaching the eternal afterlife.

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Counsels modesty, self-control, generosity, and scrupulous honesty, while discouraging pride, impetuosity, self-advancement, fraud, and perjury - not only out of respect for Ma'at, the cosmic principle of right order, but also because "attempts to gain advantage to detriment of others incur condemnation.