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we could establish patrol teams on borders that lead to sex-trafficking destinations. Patrol officers can watch people as they cross borders and establish a checkpoint where they interrogate people. If they notice anything suspicious such as a group of adult men and women that are carrying a child(in some cases the child will appear bruised and harmed by their assailants). They can stop them and put them in separate rooms and interrogate them about their course of action. If their answers do not match, they know that something suspicious is going on.

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The Global Slavery Index estimates that there were 129,000 people living in modern slavery in France on any given day in 2016, reflecting a prevalence rate of 2.0 victims for every thousand people in the country.

Which types (In Diane's story)

Forced labour

Trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation and forced labour

Laws to prevent or punish

As a member of the European Union, France is required to implement EU Directive 2011/36/EU on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings. Nationally, human trafficking is criminalised by Article 225-4-1 of the Penal code, which defines the crime as the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, housing or receiving a person under certain circumstances for exploitation

French legislation on trafficking in human beings was amended by Law no. 2013-711 of 5 August 2013 bringing it in line with EU law and the international commitments of France. These amendments clarify new provisions about the purposes of exploitation.

In addition, Law no. 2013-711 that further aligned modern slavery legislation in France with EU standards, introduced a new Article 225-4-8 into the Criminal Code that made it possible to prosecute French nationals who have committed acts of trafficking in human beings abroad. These provisions even allow for situations where the local legislation does not criminalise such acts and without there being any need for victims to lodge a complaint or for the State where the acts were committed to report them.

Law no. 2016-444 of 13 April 2016 provides additional resources to provide social and professional support to victims of sex trafficking in France.

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As many as 18.3 million Indians live in conditions listed as “modern slavery” in 2016, equivalent to the population of Netherlands, a rise of 4.1 million since 2014, according to a new global report. In other words, 5,616 Indians were enslaved every day over these two years.

On an average, 51 out of every 100 people in India are vulnerable to modern slavery – bonded labour, forced begging, forced marriage, domestic services and commercial sex work

Types

Traditional slavery

Early marriage

Lawa

One of the great laws against slavery is the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1976, which allows the transfer of a little bit of capital to every person who comes out of slavery and support

Trafficking in Human Beings or Persons is prohibited under the Constitution of India under Article 23 (1)
The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA) is the premier legislation for prevention of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.

Criminal Law (amendment) Act 2013 has come into force wherein Section 370 of the Indian Penal Code has been substituted with Section 370 and 370A IPC which provide for comprehensive measures to counter the menace of human trafficking including trafficking of children for exploitation in any form including physical exploitation or any form of sexual exploitation, slavery, servitude, or the forced removal of organs.

Protection of Children from Sexual offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, which has come into effect from 14th November, 2012 is a special law to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation. It provides precise definitions for different forms of sexual abuse, including penetrative and non-penetrative sexual assault, sexual harassment.

There are other specific legislations enacted relating to trafficking in women and children Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006, Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994, apart from specific Sections in the IPC, e.g. Sections 372 and 373 dealing with selling and buying of girls for the purpose of prostitution.

State Governments have also enacted specific legislations to deal with the issue. (e.g. The Punjab Prevention of Human Smuggling Act, 2012)

Groups who work to help and stop modern slavery

Save the children-India (Child labor)

Project Rescue (Sex-trafficking)

Institute of  Social Development (Bonded Labor, Forced Labor)

Impulse NGO Network (Forced Labor, Child Labor, Forced Marriage)

Center for Environment and Energy Development-India (CEED) (Forced Labor, Bonded Labor, Child Labor, Domestic Servitude, Sex Trafficking)

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Jonalyn’s story

1. Left the Philippines to work as a domestic worker for a family in Lebanon (Middle east.

2. Domestic Servitude. For nearly a year, Jonalyn suffered severe psychological and physical torture at the hands of her employers. She was imprisoned in solitary confinement for 10 days and was threatened constantly with death. She endured both physical and sexual abuse. Her employer poured chlorine-based detergent over Jonalyn’s body and open wounds, and subjected her to electric shocks using a stun-gun.

3. There are no legislation in place in Lebanon which prohibits slavery,

Punishment for human trafficking (In all forms): imprisonment up to 15 years ans payment that is one hundred to four hundred times the minimum wage.

1. The Caritas Lebanon Migrant Center

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Johanne’s

1. Haiti: more than 209,000 Haitians are in slavery today, many of them children. That makes it the world’s second-worst hot spot for per-capita slavery.

1. Victim of human trafficking and a child domestic slave, also subjected to abuse and prohibited from attending school.

2. Girl, 9 years old when she became a ‘Restavek’ means literally ‘to stay with.’

3. An inter ministerial and sectoral body called the “National Antitrafficking Committee,” in the government.

4. anti-trafficking law:

Punishment:  7 to 15 years imprisonment and a fine of 200,000 gourdes (Approx. $4,400 USD) to 1.5 million (Approx. $33,000 USD). Punishment for a person who obtains or attempts to obtain the sexual services of others knowing that it is a victim of trafficking is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment and a fine of 50,000 gourdes (Approx. $1,100 USD) to 100,000 gourdes (Approx. $2,200 USD). Those persons who are convicted of even attempting to commit any of these offenses shall be punished by a term of three to eight years imprisonment and a fine of 50,000 gourdes (Approx. $1,100 USD) to 200,000 gourds (Approx. $4,400 USD). The law also provides for punishment of life imprisonment for those violations that are deemed particularly heinous (such as rape) or committed against those who are particularly vulnerable such as minors, the elderly, or those with a physical or mental impairment.

1. organisation Restavek Freedom Foundation (RFF), There are minimum age job laws in Haiti, and ofcourse the national anti trafficking committee.

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Sex trafficking is a common evil practiced in Nepal. Women and young girls are trafficked into countries such as India. The country is flanked by China and India, China being barricaded by the Himalayas. Between Nepal and India, lie a route used by sex traffickers that stretches as long as 1800km. This makes it very difficult for victims to escape as they are being transported across the border. Women and girls are often betrayed by friends(who abet traffickers in exchange for money) and, thus, find themselves being trafficked. Victims being trafficked are often brainwashed by their traffickers so as to lie to the patrol team that detects sex traffickers along the border. They are forced to carry fake passports and fake identities so as to make it to India without being held back. Bonded labor is a common practice. Men and women, often those who are illiterate and uneducated, fall into the trap of working to pay off a ceaselessly increasing debt.

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Romania is one of the most notorious destinations, transits, and sources of human trafficking. Three-fourths of women and girls suffering human enslavement in the UK are trafficked from Romania. Most of them end up in the sex trade. Most of these women are from rural areas and are not well-educated. Due to this, gangs can easily leverage their ignorance in order to exploit them. Children are also exploited to beg on the streets, and some of them earn as much as 300 pounds a day. The most competent ones are vended to other gangs for as much as 100,000 pounds.