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Joseph Lancaster was a English born Quaker and educator. While in England, he founded a small free elementary school in order to teach children to read, and due to the volume of students, devised a system in which older students would teach their younger peers. This system of education was criticized harshly, due to rumors of Lancaster being homosexual and punishments that include being bound in rope and put in a sack, and was ousted from England in 1814. When he immigrated to the United States, he found his works about  schoolIng had sparked movements in Boston, Philadelphia, and other major cities. He continued his life continuing to tinker with his education system, and his experiments sparked a demand for non-biased and non-religious education.

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Schools were funded by local taxes and looked at by an elected local school board. Education reform, led by Horace Mann, helped to bring about state-sponsored public education, also including a statewide curriculum and a local property tax to help finance public education.

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Three important core components of the education reform developed in the antebellum period are education for the typical man and woman, greater entrance to higher education for women, and schooling for free blacks. The main purpose of the new school system was to provide a more centralized and efficient way that someone would train, teach, and discipline the upcoming working classes and prepare them for a successful life in an industrial society.