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Toxic Rain, also called acid rain is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms. This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic.

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The effect of acid rain on the environment.

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The effect of acid rain on the environment.

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The effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be harmful to fish and other wildlife. As it flows through the soil, acidic rain water can leach aluminum from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes.

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The pollution that causes acid rain can also create tiny particles.

When these particles get into people’s lungs, they can cause health problems, or can make existing health problems worse. Also, nitrogen oxides cause ground-level ozone.

This ground-level ozone causes respiratory problems, like pneumonia and bronchitis, and can even cause permanent lung damage.

The health effects that people have to worry about are not caused by the acid rain, but are caused when people breathe in these tiny particles or ozone.

Swimming in an acidic lake or walking in an acidic puddle is no more harmful to people than swimming or walking in clean water.

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What are the environmental problems caused by acid rain and what measures are to be taken against it?

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What are the environmental problems caused by acid rain and what measures are to be taken against it?

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1. Reduce amount of sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen released into the atmosphere

i. Use less energy (hence less fuel burnt)

ii. Use cleaner fuels

iii. Remove oxides of sulphur and oxides of nitrogen before releasing

2. Use cleaner fuels

i. Coal that contains less sulphur

ii. “Washing” the coal to reduce sulphur content

iii. Natural Gas

3. Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD)

i. Removes sulphur dioxide from flue gas (waste gases)

ii. Consists of a wet scrubber and a reaction tower equipped with a fan that extracts hot smoky stack gases from a power plant into the tower

iii. Lime or limestone (calcium carbonate) in slurry form is injected into the tower to mix with the stack gases and reacts with the sulphur dioxide present

4. Use other sources of electricity (i.e. nuclear power, hydro-electricity, wind energy, geothermal energy, and solar energy)

i. Issue of cost

5. Reducing the effects of Acid Rain by Liming

i. Powdered limestone/limewater added to water and soil to neutralize acid

ii. Used extensively in Norway and Sweden

iii. Expensive, short-term remedy