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APA reference
Suckling, James, & Lee, Jacquetta. (2015). Redefining scope: The true environmental impact of smartphones? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 20(8), 1181-1196.

Problems
1.The turnover of smartphones is aggravated highly as they are often not handed responsibly.

Solutions
1.Outsourcing the intensive computation resources to hardware across a network is possible to potentially simplify the handset and reduce energy consumption.

2.By introduce a system called cloud-based PSS, it can have a great influence on the environmental impact reduction.Reuse and remanufacture is one of the solution to help reduce the environmental impact.Recycling is an another option when the phone is dormant for a long time.

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Connections / Similarities / Differences

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Connections / Similarities / Differences

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APA reference
T. P. L. Nghiem, & L. R. Carrasco. (2016). Mobile Applications to Link Sustainable Consumption with Impacts on the Environment and Biodiversity. Bioscience, 66(5), 384-392.

Problems
1. It demonstrated that 32 applications that met the search criteria. However,  food and service products were the most commonly assessed, and the sustainability assessment criteria were not publicly available. Half of the apps were accessible, with few links between consumption and biodiversity conservation.

2. Deforestation in Southeast Asia is no longer driven by small subsistence slash-and-burn farmers, but mainly by large corporations. It also happens in Africa.

Solutions
"The experience with Global Forest Watch and its own app, which allows the mapping and reporting of illegal deforestation-related activities, shows that such models and
links could be developed. If this real-time information is
further combined with the barcode-scanning capabilities
already present in some apps, consumers would be able to
discriminate between products in a matter of seconds at
supermarkets" (Nghiem & Carrasco, 2016, p.390).

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APA reference
Belkhir, L., & Elmeligi, A. (2018). Assessing ICT global emissions footprint: Trends to 2040 & recommendations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 177, 448-463.

Problems
1.Contribution of IDT to the overal Global greenhouse emissions could grow from roughly 1-1.6% in 2007 to exceed 14% of the 2016-level worldwide GHGE by 2040.
2. Data centers and communication networks produce most greenhouse gas and consume most power.

Solutions
1.All new data centers must be required to run 100% on renewable energy, while existing ones must gradually shift towards renewable energy, tend to be large facilities that can be setup in open land and remote areas. Deploy renewable energy source for their data centers.
2.Telecom companies sell longer subscription plans at more attractive discounted rates to incentivize customers in keeping the same phone for a much longer period.
3.Producers need to use renewable energy in their production processes and develop the next generation of low-power products.
4.Create large facilities that can be setup in open land and remote areas.
5. all new data centers must be required to run 100% on renewable energy, while existing ones
must gradually shift towards renewable energy.

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APA reference
Bai, Hua, Wang, Jing, & Zeng, Amy Z. (2018). Exploring Chinese consumers' attitude and behavior toward smartphone recycling. Journal of Cleaner Production, 188, 227-236.

Problems
1. It is more complicated to dispose of obsolete mobile phones because they contain both the highly hazardous substances that impose

environmental danger and the valuable metals that can be recovered

and reused as substitutes for raw materials.

2. The recycle rate of mobile phones is only less than 10% on average globally

3. The top reason for

smartphone replacement is function upgrading, which is driven by

the fast advent of technology, function and APP over the past

several years.

4. 63.7% of consumers did not want to recycle because of the

fear for personal information disclosure and of the low trust for the

recycling parties

5. the awareness level of pollution risk from improper disposal of waste mobile phones and its value in

resource conservation need to be improved for the Chinese consumers.

Solutions
1. There are two types of recycling programs for waste mobile

phones in China: a voluntary program and a reward based program

2. Today's Chinese consumers are offered with more recycling

channels than ever before, ranging from various recycling programs

at brand stores to 3rd-party recycling campaigns, or from widespread

drop-boxes in large shopping malls to on-site pick-up services

3. Recycle service would

have a positive impact on the sales of new mobile phones

4. China has made significant progress in mobile phone recycling.

With the first legislation on mobile phone recycling in place and prosperous development of recycling services from various parties, Chinese consumers' awareness of mobile phone recycling has been raised greatly.

5. Partnering with a logistics company and providing pickup service may motivate more consumers to recycle their home-stored old phones.

6. Recycle service not only affects the management of end of life

mobile phones but also places positive effects on the

sales of new mobile phones.

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Connections / Similarities / Differences

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Connections / Similarities / Differences
1.Text A covered the idea of the smartphone recycling which was same as text D, but it raised in different point of the view, it discussed the environmental influence, but in text D, it discussed the business patterns and trend in the behavior of recycling.

2. Text C give a totally different view in smartphone and environment, it focus on the relationship between smartphone equipped with sustainability applications and environmental biodiversity impacts while text D focus on the consumer attitudes and behaviors about smartphone recycling.

3. The problems discussed in these texts are authentic and convincing, smartphone recycling and the environmental problems are the quite important ones to focus and solve.