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Recycled paper is an exciting world of creative possibilities, but many people are surprised to discover that recycled paper isn't necessarily needed for a sustainable production.

Recycled materials certainly bring environmental benefits. They typically require less water to produce, and have a smaller carbon footprint than virgin fibre (although this depends on the individual paper. Read our piece on carbon neutral printing to learn more).

Virgin fibre stocks, however, can still be used sustainably. 67% of industrially-sourced paper in the UK (and all the paper used by Park) is FSC-certified or PEFC-certified, indicating that it's been sourced from sustainably managed forests. These certifications are a must-have for any material with virgin fibre content.

And clients are also often surprised to discover that recycled materials come at higher cost - in some cases, many times the cost of an equivalent virgin fibre stock. This chart shows the difference in cost - and how much it's possible to spend on recycled papers with sufficient budget.

The clients who choose recycled materials, therefore, tend to do so for specific reasons beyond the climate impact.

Those reasons might include their business positioning and marketing goals, and they might also be achieving a specific creative effect which can't be achieved with virgin fibre materials.

This articles explains the different types of recycled paper available:

1. 'conventional' recycled papers made from paper pulp

2. papers made from alternative fibres, such as industrial waste or food by-products

3. special recycled stocks, with unusual properties and characteristics

...and throughout, offers commentary on the implications of these choices. This includes the reprographic properties of the materials - which vary significantly on rougher, uncoated recycled stocks.

In the final section, we delve into the practicalities of choosing recycled paper: including the physical properties of the material, and how to use recycled paper on a tight budget.

Armed with the information in this guide, along with our Recycled Paper-Finder Tool, you should be able to make a well-informed choice of paper for your next sustainable print production.

'CONVENTIONAL' RECYCLED STOCKS

There's a wide range of choice with recycled materials - but in general, they are more likely to have the following characteristics:

texture: a rougher surface than virgin fibre stocks

colour: recycled materials are more likely to be off-white

a flecked appearance - from impurities in the pulp used to make the paper; these are known as 'inclusions'.

The appeal of these properties is that they are easily noticed by the reader. This makes recycled materials a popular choice with publishers wishing to take a stance on sustainability.

However, they can present certain challenges on press. As a result, many recycled materials combine a certain ratio of virgin fibre content in order to offset certain effects, and one of the 100% recycled materials listed here is also available in part-virgin fibre options.

Aesthetics of recycled paper.

A good example of such a 'classic' recycled material would be 100% recycled Neenah Environment Rough, made by GF Smith. The naturally rougher, mottled surface of this paper is visible in this image of the 2019 Annual Report for Kingfisher plc, owner of B&Q hardware stores.

Some recycled materials, however, have been formulated to be as close as possible to virgin fibre papers in smoothness and whiteness, for optimal image reproduction - as explained in our blog on printing for fine art productions. This is achieved through the use of coatings.

Revive Silk, a 100% recycled material from Denmaur Paper Media, is available in a triple-coated silk option - one of only two coated recycled materials on the market. The coating produces a smoother surface, allowing colours and lines to be printed in finer detail. Symbol Freelife Satin is the other coated recycled paper available in the UK, with a minimum recycled content of 40%.

These coated recycled papers still retain flecks of waste from the recycling process. This makes recycled paper a relatively rare choice for fine art productions, whose publishers would normally opt for the smoothest, whitest virgin fibre.

The industries more likely to opt for recycled paper are corporates, brands and independent magazines. These publishers may wish to use recycled paper in order to reflect their environmental positioning - yet still pride themselves on high-quality reprographics, for accurate brand colours and high-quality photography. In these cases, they may opt for a 100% recycled material formulated for greater whiteness, higher ink density and therefore sharper detail.

Dropped, a cycling magazine, is a good case in point. It's printed on Antalis 's Nautilus Superwhite. An experienced eye would recognise a recycled stock, but for most readers, the paper's matt effect would simply make the beautiful colour photography easier on the eye.

If accurate colour reproduction is important, and you are not sure how this will be impacted by your recycled sheet, it would be best proof a selection of images on press. This is known as a 'wet scatter proof'.

PAPER MADE FROM ALTERNATIVE FIBRES

You can make paper from a wide range of materials other than wood pulp. Cotton, for instance, has been used for centuries for archival-quality documents, and cotton-based papers remain a popular luxury option.

Recent years, however, have seen a trend in non-paper waste being used in paper-making - everything from orange peel to used coffee cups.

These materials are chosen as much for sustainability as they are for their physical properties, since many of them differ notably from conventional paper in colour and texture. Often, the appeal is the novelty of the unusual content.

The key environmental benefit of these papers is they include a by-product which may otherwise go to waste, which may reduce the paper's carbon footprint.

These papers go through a lot of testing in order to achieve an effective printing substrate, and their specialist nature means they are often bought in small quantities. Both these factors tend to mean these papers come with a higher price tag - although the "Crush" range (see below) supplied to Park by Fenner Paper, is in the mid-range price bracket.

1. Cotton-based fibres

Textile-base papers often contain no recycled content; rather, they are made from a blend of virgin fibre paper pulp and textile fibres sourced for the purpose.

Cotton is probably the second-most common ingredient in paper pulp after wood-based fibres. At first glance, these materials may not look much different from everyday paper, but the cotton lends a noticeably softer texture, and it's stronger.

Its softness, however, presents challenges for printing purposes, since it typically absorbs a lot of the ink, producing less-vivid colours and lower definition.

As result, most cotton-based papers suitable for printing contain a relatively low percentage of cotton. Those with higher cotton content, such as Cranes Crest, are often better suited for embossing and die-cutting than as a substrate for photography and type.

Unsurprisingly, the distinctively textile-based texture of these materials makes them a popular creative choice in the fashion industry.

This image shows a piece marketing material printed on the Tweed variant of Savile Row, with a herringbone pattern visible on the surface of the page.

2. Paper made from food by-products

G.F Smith, Fenner, Fedrigoni and Arjowiggins offer several different papers made from various different sources of waste from food production. Options include:

These natural raw materials are saved from the compost heap and used to make highly distinctive and interesting papers.

There's a wide range of choices since cellulose - the primary constituent of wood pulp - comprises all plant fibres. This makes it relatively easy to incorporate these products into paper, and by reducing the number of trees needed, they lower the carbon impact of paper production.

This video shows the Favini paper factory, which supplies Fedrigoni Papers in the UK, incorporating orange peel into its paper.

Sustainability aside, perhaps the greatest appeal of these papers is the novelty value: a beer manufacturer, for instance, might choose G.F Smith's Gmund Bier, containing 30-50% spent brewer's grain, for its marketing materials, its packaging, or the cover of its annual report.

These materials are less likely to be used for detailed photographic reproduction. The whitest versions are off-white, uncoated, and they often contain visible inclusions - so they are more popular for use as front covers, where the paper itself becomes the focal point.

This was the approach taken by Wild Alchemy Journal - pictured here The corn maize version of Fedrigoni's Crush paper - containing 15% food by-product and 40% recycled paper pulp - was used to produce the striking belly-band on the front cover.

3. Other novelty recycled printing materials

In earlier editions of Kinfolk, an independent magazine, a section was printed on Remake, supplied to Park by Fedrigoni. This paper is 65% recycled, of which 25% is by-product from leather production.

Much of Kinfolk is highly detailed colour photography; the Remake section, 'Directory', takes a philosophical turn, with essays on black and white pages.

With remarkably few visible inclusions, Remake is a highly readable paper, yet the change to off-white, uncoated pages is immediately noticeable, enhancing the reader journey by signalling a change in mood.

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It is also worth mentioning here G.F. Smith's 'Extract'. Although this paper is 100% paper pulp, the paper is sourced entirely from used coffee cups.

Separating the paper and plastic content in used coffee cups is notoriously difficult. This is likely why Extract is one of the pricier recycled papers, but also why it's been so successful - often selected by publishers who want to add extra intrigue to their productions.

It is only available in two weights: 130gsm, on the heavy side for a text stock, or a chunky 380gsm. Both are available uncoated only.

The heavier version lends itself well to embossing, as in the front cover of photography anthology , to contribute to an effect resembling burnt tree bark.

This effect could have been achieved with many different heavy stocks, but a statement recycled paper captured the spirit of the production. The book is an anthology of the photography of Alan McFetridge, documenting the destruction of forests by wildfire.

SPECIAL RECYCLED STOCKS

Beyond standard printing papers, there is a wide range of rarely-used materials with special properties. Some of these are not suitable for printing on litho presses - but may be an interesting feature for packaging, or an embossed front cover.

1. Pearlescent recycled paper

This premium stock is suitable for litho presses.

The Pearl variant on Fedrigoni's Symbol Freelife - described as having a recycled content 'of at least 40%' - is the only recycled pearlescent paper currently on the market..

It's available in a white 'Pearl Ice' shade only, and with a smooth, triple coated surface and no visible inclusions, it's likely to reproduce detailed imagery better than most recycled materials.

It's pictured here used in Immortal, a fine art photography box set printed for photographers Warren de Preez and Nick Thornton Jones.

2. Paper based on wool

This is another version of Favini's Refit (see section on cotton-based papers above), comprising 15% wool fibres and 40% paper waste, with the rest made up by virgin fibre material.

It's described as being...
"so hairy that it feels like no other paper!"
Hairiness isn't a property you'd normally choose for a printing substrate; indeed, the paper is not suitable for litho presses. But if you were looking for a paper to package or promote your knitwear brand, it might be just the ticket.

This close-up from Favini's image gallery gives an idea of the texture of Refit Wool. It lends a rustic effect to printed text, but the majority of customers appear to have used it for solid colours and packaging.

3. Paper with pronounced inclusions

When using unusual materials, the challenge is usually to mill them fine enough that they blend into the paper.

But it's possible to leave large pieces of plant material in the fibre for creative effect. This image shows Notpla, a paper comprising 30% seaweed by-product. This paper is suitable for litho presses but it's also popular packaging - for obvious reasons.

There's even a paper made by the Frogmore Mill - Britain's oldest paper mill - which contains live seeds, so that the paper can be 'planted' once no longer needed. This is marketed as a graphic-quality paper, but experimentation on press will be needed to ensure your printer is able to produce the desired results.

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This is just a sample of the creative stocks available on the market. All of them are likely to be relatively tricky to handle on press, but used effectively, they could make for a truly original and eye-catching production.

Allow time and budget for experimentation on press, and for a proper press pass, to achieve your desired effect with novelty stocks.

Practicalities of printing with recycled paper

There are two key practical considerations when it comes to printing with recycled paper:

cost - which may not necessarily exclude recycled papers from your production, if used sparingly

...and the physical properties of the materials, including weight, size, and grain direction

The cost of recycled paper

Whichever recycled material you choose, you're likely to incur a price premium over virgin fibre materials.

There are a few more affordable options: the recycled variants of Revive Silk, Revive Offset, Nautilus, and Cyclus cost between 29% and 56% more than the virgin-fibre equivalent, depending on the ratio of recycled content.

Many publishers, however, are not content to be restrained to only a couple of different paper options. And since virgin fibre can be used sustainably, those who choose recycled materials usually want to make a statement about sustainability with their choice of materials, and have budgeted accordingly.

If you're keen to use recycled materials on a tight budget, you might consider the following cost-saving tips:

Choose a less expensive recycled stock: Revive, Oxygen, Nautilus or Cyclus

Use the recycled material for the front cover only

Use it as a bound-in divider between sections printed on virgin fibre materials. That divider could range from 2pp up to a 16pp section based on your budget

Use it as a belly band, as per TikTok, who used Corn Crush Maize in their print magazine Real Joy

Use it as an insert, i.e. a postcard or a leaflet

It's worth considering switching from material to another may make your recycled paper even more noticeable than if it had been used for the entire production.

Physical properties of recycled paper

Recycled paper is available in a smaller range of paper weights, grain directions and sizes than virgin fibre materials, so for certain projects - especially where there are specific technical requirements - publishers may find that the only suitable material is made from virgin fibre.

Urban Good, a community interest company (CIC), originally requested a recycled stock for its walking maps of London, but Park advised against this. The problem was that a short grain material was required to achieve the client's desired folding pattern (this is where the grain runs parallel to the short edge of the sheet, rather than the long edge - see diagram).

There are no recycled short-grain virgin-fibre materials on the market (and only a few virgin fibre ones; short grain fibres are fairly unusual) so an FSC-certified virgin fibre paper was selected instead.

Clients may run into the same obstacle when trying to source specific paper sizes. For example, Nautilus is not available in the 'B1', 720 x 102mm size, used to produce 210mm square pages.

Larger sheets can theoretically be cut down to any size, but this creates waste - both in terms of paper and cost. Specific sizes are chosen to make the production more efficient: for instance, choosing a sheet which is an exact multiple of your production dimensions. That would allow you to print 4 or 8 pages to view with little or no waste from offcuts.

In absence of recycled paper in a suitable size, therefore, you might choose from the wider range of FSC-certified materials to get the paper size you want - or, change the size of your production to suit your chosen recycled stock.

Recycled paper is also available in a smaller range of weights. The most widely-used recycled papers, such as Oxygen by Elliot & Baxter Company Ltd., come in a full range of weights from 80gsm to 350gsm, but the more specialist materials are likely to be available only above 100gsm.

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Such technical features of recycled paper, along with the higher price, mean that recycled papers are often chosen as cover stocks - where they are most easily noticed by the reader - with virgin fibre for the text pages. This piece of investor marketing, printed for Schroders, features a 100% recycled cover, protected by a biodegradable matt laminate film.

Balancing priorities in your print production

With the wide range of choice on the market, recycled paper extends the creative gamut and opens up possibilities that aren't possible with virgin fibre stocks.

As we have seen, however, it also comes with complexities that need to be managed. This applies not only during printing, but also when preparing files for print.

As our article on fine art printing explains, the same print screen, applied to different paper surfaces, will produce slightly different colours - as this image shows.

This is challenging enough with virgin fibre stocks, requiring communication with the client's retouching and reprographics team in order to achieve the best possible reproduction.

But when it comes to recycled materials - with their greater range of colours, surface textures, and levels of absorbency - these challenges are likely to be amplified. These stocks are also more prone to carry paper dust, which can create blemishes in the image.

These effects need to be managed, and the best printers should advise you whether a recycled material is advisable for your design content.

If you and your printer together can manage these issues successfully, you're likely to be rewarded with an interesting and original sustainable production.

Learn more about sustainable printing

Park publishes a book called Sustainable Print Design, an 80pp thread-sewn volume, printed on recycled paper, with a 4pp throw-out detailing 50 of the most popular recycled papers available in the UK.

As well as covering paper, the book also delves into bindings, finishes and processes, to make up a complete guide to the choices that make up a sustainable print production.

You can purchase the book from magCulture for £10, or click here to download a free PDF.

To see more productions made from recycled paper, visit Park's sustainable printing hub here, or click here to get in touch and learn more.

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Recycled paper: a print designer's guide - Park Communications Ltd

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Recycled paper is an exciting world of creative possibilities, and is often chosen for specific reasons beyond the climate impact.

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The word もったいない is a Japanese adjective that describes how unfortunate it is for something to go to waste.

I really like this unique Japanese word, can’t seem to find a similar or good replacement of it in English.

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An eco-friendly printer in London WC1, near Clerkenwell & Farringdon: WCS

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An eco-friendly printer based in London WC1, near Clerkenwell & Farringdon: WCS Digital are green printers offering recycled & sustainable papers, cards & boards.

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Principle investigator: Matthew Davey
Scottish Association for Marine Science

Living Ink is a biomaterials company on a mission to use sustainable and renewable algae technologies to replace petroleum-derived products, such as ink. Currently, the majority of industrial pigments are derived from petroleum, such as carbon black. Living Ink are changing the way pigments are made by using algae as colorants for ecofriendly Algae Ink™ products. They have successfully commercialized the world's first black algae-based ink that has a negative carbon footprint, is bio-based, resistant to UV-light exposure and is safe. Customers are constantly inquiring about the availability of coloured algae-based inks and so their goal is to expand the range of colours in their product line. Algae naturally synthesise a wide range of pigments across the colour palette - ranging from green, blue, yellow, orange and red. The purpose of this project is to explore other algal species that might be suited for sustainable ink processes by interacting researchers at the Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP), the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) in Oban, Scotland and Living Ink. A number of algae, especially those that were isolated from extreme environments, will be examined to test for the pigment colour, content and stability (such as do they degrade at high or low temperatures or pH). Having a new range of algae that Living Ink can work into their ink making processes will be of huge benefit to the sustainable products sector.

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BIV Round 1: Sustainable inks - a broad brush approach to screen for vibrant algal pigments - Algae UK

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Living Ink is a biomaterials company on a mission to use sustainable and renewable algae technologies to replace petroleum-derived products, such as ink. Currently, the majority of industrial pigments are derived from petroleum, such as carbon black. Living Ink are changing the way pigments are made by using algae as colorants for ecofriendly Algae Ink™ [...]

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The important thing to bear in mind with “green” glue products, also known as bioadhesives, is to not expect a product so non-toxic you could eat it (although some do exist); rather something that has less impact than mainstream products.

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Luxury binding

To communicate a large amount of information with a creative design, choose Booklets and Brochures. With our flexible options, you can create a unique booklet for your client: choose from 3 paper sizes, 8 internal paper stocks, 5 cover paper stocks, 3 cover laminations, and from 40 to 240 pages, all with a low minimum order quantity of just 50 booklets.

To create a Perfect Bound booklet, the pages and cover are glued together at the spine with a strong, flexible thermal glue then the remaining sides are trimmed to give clean 'perfect' edges. Our PUR bound brochures are up to 60% stronger due to the use of a PUR adhesive, making them ideal for use with heavy paper stocks and larger page numbers - these booklets are built to last!

Perfect binding gives a premium finish to any document, and is ideal for product catalogues or instruction manuals which will be used time and time again.

Whatever your client's requirements, our range of Perfect Bound booklet and brochure printing is sure to deliver. For jobs with a lower page count, or with a tighter timescale or budget, browse our range of Saddle Stitched brochures.

Please use our spine width calculator above to calculate the width of your Perfect Bound spine based on the options you have selected.

We aim to produce order quantities of 500 and below using our state of the art digital facilities, while larger quantities are produced using our modern litho presses.

UK shipping is free, exceptions apply.

Delivery

We use an existing delivery company and currently offer the following delivery options.

On checkout you can select a different delivery address to the account address, so you can send your print to only one designated address. If requiring more than one address, then the print with be run as separate orders and incur the cost of doing so.

Saver Option: Delivery in 3-5 working days*

Standard Option: Deliver in 2-3 working days

Express Option: Delivery in 1-2 working days.

If you have a time sensitive order, please confirm when you need it for and we well confirm if we can deliver in time. Always allow where possible a least and extra day for unforeseen circumstances with the delivery.

*Working days does not include weekends, please take this into account when ordering, if unsure contact us and we will confirm expected delivery day.

Deliver reliable print on time

We know your reputation is on the line with each and every order. That's why we produce only the highest quality print, and we'll deliver it when you need it, too.

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To communicate a large amount of information with a creative design, choose Booklets and Brochures. With our flexible options, you can create a unique booklet for your client: choose from 3 paper sizes, 8 internal paper stocks, 5 cover paper stocks, 3 cover laminations, and from 40 to 240 pages, all with a low minimum order quantity of just 50 booklets.

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The types of glue we use and their impact on the environment probably isn't up all that high on our going green checklists, but I thought I'd delve into the world of adhesives commonly used around the home to see what's what.

After all, if there are some big environmental issues in our lives we aren't ready to tackle, there's lots of little ones where we can make headway in the meantime!
What is in glue?
The composition of glue varies widely according to application, but these days for anything more heavy duty than gluing paper for kids craft projects and paper mache, they are often based on petrochemical products, meaning they have their roots in crude oil.

Some of the compounds used are polyvinyl acetate (PVA), epoxy, polyurethane and cyanoacrylate polymers. Aside the crude oil link, these substances have their own additional environmental impact.

Additionally, the substances are often dissolved in a solvent. As the solvent evaporates during the drying process, it can generate volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may include greenhouse gases, ozone depleting substances, chemicals involved in the creation of smog and other gases hazardous to human health.
Environmentally friendly glue
I think the important thing to bear in mind with "green" glue products, also known as bioadhesives, is to not expect a product so non-toxic you could eat it (although some do exist); rather something that has less impact than mainstream products.
Home made glue
If you want to know exactly what is in the glue you use; you can make your own.

You can always use the kindergarten teacher's favorite - flour and water; but that's not going to cut it for jobs such as mending frames or gluing fabric. Here's a few recipes for home-made glue you may like to try for various applications including paper, fabric, leather, ceramics, wood, glass and cardboard. Just a note for those on the road to veganism: some of the recipes contain gelatin, which is an animal product.

Commercial "green" glue

I wasn't able to find recipes for metal plastics glue and not everyone has the time or inclination to make their own glue, so it's good to see commercial bioadhesive products now available. I'm not going to recommend any specific products as I haven't used any as yet, but they can be easily found via your favorite search engine using search terms such as:

green glue
earth friendly glue
eco glue
environmentally friendly glue

However, don't be fooled by a flashy site and be wary of greenwashing. Things to look for in an earth friendly glue include

- Low or no VOC
- Petrochemical free
- Water based
- Recycled or recyclable packaging
- Look for an MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) so you can determine what is actually in it.

A popular active component of eco glues is Amino Silane. According to MSDS information I was able to locate on it, it has the following properties:

Oral - Result: LD50 &gt; 2,000 mg/kg. Remark: Very low order of toxicity.
Skin Absorption - Result: LD50 &gt; 2,000 mg/kg. Remark: Very low order of toxicity.
Skin Direct contact - Result: Slight irritation.
Eye Direct contact - Result: Severe irritation. Remark: Causes corneal injury.
Inhalation - Result: LC50 Not acutely Toxic.
Exposure Limits - Not applicable.
Sensitization - No.
Reproductive Toxicity - No.
Mutagenicity - No.
Teratogenicity - No
Synergistic Products - None.
Ecological Information - No known applicable information.

Do also bear in mind that "green" doesn't necessarily mean you should use gallons of it - use only what you need; and that's a principle of green living that applies to just about everything.

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Bioadhesives and environmentally friendly glue - Green Living Tips

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The types of glue we use and their impact on the environment probably isn't up all that high on our going green checklists, but I thought I'd delve into the world of adhesives commonly used around the home to see what's what.

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iBookBinding - Bookbinding Tutorials & Resources

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animal hide, book binding, bookbinding, glue, instructional, paste, tutorial

One of the most overlooked aspects I see from amateur bookbinders is their choice of adhesives or glue; many of whom rely on PVA as a 'one-glue-fits-all' solution. Whilst PVA is a good option for many aspects in bookbinding it almost certainly shouldn't be used over other more suitable adhesives.

Yes, I agree that personal preference does have to be factored in when deciding how to proceed with gluing but this should always be after the number of adhesives have been narrowed down to the 'most appropriate' for the job. Selecting the correct type of glue and the most suitable application technique should not be overlooked, it is after all often the glue that holds the book together.

In this tutorial we will have a look at the most common types of adhesives and glues that are used in the book binding industry, along with their characteristics, suitability for different aspects of the binding process, their application techniques and even a few recipes and videos that will guide you through how to make your own - knowing this information will almost certainly improve the look and durability of your book whilst also further expanding your knowledge on traditional book-binding techniques and thus leading to a deeper enjoyment for the art (the most important part 😀 ).

Before we begin, we should first clarify the difference between the term 'glue' and 'adhesive', both of which seem to be used synonymously in today's modern world. Glues are a 'type' of adhesive and are traditionally made from organic compounds and as clarified by wikipedia "An adhesive is any substance applied to the surfaces of materials that binds them together and resists separation".

So, lets first of all have a look at the different types of bookbinding adhesives that have been used over the years and then start taking a look at the more modern, synthetic forms of glue that exist on the market today. More general info on the history of glue here.

Going back to the 19th century and the bookbinding process that existed you would likely see only two different types of glue being used: animal glue and paste glue (flour based), lets dive into each one now.

Animal Glue (also known as Hide Glue and Animal Protein Glue)

Animal glues are produced by prolonged boiling of animal tissue (the connective tissue to be more precise), after which, a process called hydrolysis starts (the breaking down of the collagen contained within the animal produce - the name derives from the Greek 'hydro' meaning "water", and 'lysis', meaning "separation") and a protein colloid glue is formed. The proteins extracted from this process is what ends up forming a molecular bond with the object being glued.

Common animals used to make animal glues include horses, rabbits and fish, interesting huh?

Table 1 Comparison of the Properties of Different Animal Glue Types.
Taken from https://www.academia.edu/4220133/Animal_glues...conservation

Animal glue, or more specifically, hide glue, is a truly reversible adhesive which makes it very common in book restoration projects and is readily available online in granule, powder or flake form. Amazon.com's search for 'Hide Glue' brings up some interesting results...

Hide Glue - Produced using the same process as animal glue but using only the skin of animals

Used by the Egyptians as a form of furniture glue since circa 2000 BC. It was used with rising popularity up until the mid 1900's when synthetic adhesives took over. It is however still used today by wood-workers, furniture restorers and in the production of musical instruments.

Two of the main advantages to using hide glue are its quick setting times and the fact that it's re-workable, allowing people to re-heat the glue, make required adjustments and leave to set whilst maintaining almost the same strength as it was before. Hide glue can also be injected into joints or cracks as a form of filler or to 're-join' materials together ( Guitar Headstock Crack Repair Process Using Hide Glue) - the removal of old glue in this process is not required as hide glue bonds well with itself.

As with all glues, hide glue has its disadvantages. It's not waterproof, the smell can be quite off-putting and it can take a long time to make from scratch.

If one is to make their own hide glue then they should make sure not to heat the glue past 100°C (boiling point) else you will start to destroy the protein strands that will result in a weaker bond when the glue has dried.

If you are making hide glue from dried sources (flakes, granules etc), make sure to only melt down what is needed and not to repeatedly re-melt/reheat the glue which causes yellowing and greatly decreased viscosity and strength. Animal glues are graded by viscosity in millipoises and jelly value in Bloom grams.

Interesting fact: When horses are put down you'll often hear people say they have been "sent to the glue factory." - this is where to phrase derived from.
Making Hide Glue a Video from thepathfindersschoolll.com
(also see this video on hide glue)
Don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel to get access to HD videos of hundreds of Book Binding tutorials and reviews!

Isinglass - a pure, transparent or translucent form of gelatin

Isinglass can often be used in the bookbinding process but it more traditionally used for clarification in beer brewing and the fining in wine-making. Isinglass is produced from the swim/air bladders of fish (as sturgeons). After the extraction of the fish parts they are dried and ground up, later to me mixed with warm water (usually around 45°C) to form a paste ready for application. Gum tragacanth, dissolved in water can often be used to strained isinglass solution to act as an emulsifier. An ethanol-water mixture can be used to re-activate Isinglass.

Get the Equipment You Need to do the Job Properly!
(Click image for more product details)

Additional Animal Glue Resources

Wheat Paste

Wheat paste is one of the primary types of glue used in bookbinding due to its high adhesion properties, ease of making, ease of use, reversibility, versatility, archival stability and because of the toxic-free, cheap ingredients used to make it; this makes it a common choice for bookbinders and book restoration experts all over the world as well as the #1 choice for pasting up flyers on walls and buildings for those looking for alternative ways of promotion.

Wheat paste has been used for over 300 years to bind materials to paper, binding board and even leather, to which it binds very well. Whilst the adhesion properties of wheat paste is high, depending on the project, many book binders decide to add PVA glue to increase its strength. Methyl cellulose can also be added to delay the setting time of the glue without compromising its strength, this is common when working on intricate or large projects.

You will find many instructions on the internet that tell you to use all-purpose flour or even bread flour to make bookbinding wheat paste and whilst this is OK for amateur or craft projects it's definitely not recommended for use on professional bindings or restoration projects and here's why...

All purpose flour, pastry flour and bread flour all contain high levels of gluten (a great easy-to-read technical document (PDF) on what gluten is here). Even though it's the gluten that is responsible for the adhesion, too much gluten in your paste can actually attract insects and thus lead to the eventual decay of the book, this is especially true for any archival projects one might be working on. For this reason I always make wheat paste from cake flour (protein content 7-8%) and some low gluten forms of pastry flour (8.5-10% protein content) which contains the least amount of gluten.

If you are unable to purchase cake flour at your local supermarket you might be able to find it in art stores in small quantities but often it is priced MUCH more than what you could pay for it elsewhere. Many art supply stores will also add acidic preservatives to their flours so make sure you ask before purchasing as some preservatives can often lead to unexpected 'damage' to books and paper a few months or years down the line.

For those interested: , formaldehyde and even can be used as preservatives to make wheat paste last longer but could be hard to source.

Note that wheat gluten and wheat starch are NOT the same as wheat flour. Various tutorials and recipes on the internet will use them interchangeably but they are all different though can often have very similar results when used as a binding paste.

Wheat paste will generally only last for 2-4 days depending on how it is stored so it is recommended to only make small batches. Temperature, humidity and light all affect wheat paste so if you must store it make sure to put it in an air-tight container in the fridge.

Making wheat paste is a simple affair and whilst ingredient quantities and recipes may differ slightly, they will all have (at least) flour and water.

My personal Wheat Paste Recipe

1 part acid-free cake flour

5 parts distilled water

non-metallic (none-stick) pan

fork or whisk

Slowly add a 1/3 of the water to your pan along with the cake flour whilst mixing continuously by hand with a fork or whisk

When all the lumps are gone, slowly add the rest of your water to the rest of the ingredients and continue to mix until your paste is consistent (it should look a little like milk)

Next add your pan to the stove and heat at a medium temperature until it comes to the boil

Immediately after boiling give the mixture a quick stir and reduce to a low heat and simmer for 30-90 seconds (depending on how thick you want the paste)

After simmering, remove from heat, give it one final stir and leave to cool

If you find that your mixture has lumps then you might want to pass it through a fine sieve a couple of times, this is better done whilst the paste is hot.

(I normally stir the mix a couple more times whilst it is cooling to maintain the consistency throughout but this is optional)

After mixture has cooled you should have a semi-translucent wheat flour paste ready to use on your book arts projects.

If you wanted to experiment with adding additional ingredients to 'enhance' the adhesive properties or extend the lifetime of your paste then this instructables post has some more info. ** NB: I do not recommend adding any more than the above recipe outlines but why not experiment?! **
A good post on the suitability of using wheat paste on various parts of the book during the binding process.
A pretty good instructional video on how to make wheat paste

Don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel to get access to HD videos of hundreds of Book Binding tutorials and reviews!

PVA Glue

PVA glue (known also as: wood glue, white glue, carpenter's glue and school glue) was discovered in Germany in 1912 by Fritz Klatteis and is short for Polyvinyl Acetate, a polymer emulsified in water. PVA is a very popular glue in modern bookbinding practices and arguably the most popular adhesive that exists on the market today.

PVA gains its strength when the water molecules evaporate from the liquid glue causing a repolymerization into a long chain molecule. This process reverts its molecular structure back to its previous state and thus increases its strength. When used with woodwork projects, and if used correctly, PVA glue can often be stronger than the wood fibres or the wood it is binding together.

PVA is known to be biologically inert and thus none-toxic; as such you can technically eat as much as you want and not get sick, though not advisable for obvious reasons.

PVA glues are used more by European bookbinders than their American and Canadian counterparts who still tend to prefer their natural alternatives (e.g. animal glues, see above). PVA is popular with bookbinders due to its relatively fast drying time, none-toxicity, reasonably long shelf life, availability, low cost, high flexibility and the fact that it dries clear. PVA can also be mixed with various other substances to increase its coverage, lengthen it's drying-time ( Methyl Cellulose), change its characteristics or purely for aesthetic purposes (e.g. adding dyes to the glue).
Some interesting facts about PVA Glue

All PVA glues are designed to work on porous materials only

PVAs need pressure to adhere correctly

PVA glue is a type of aliphatic resin (also known as yellow carpenter's glue)

PVAs are water based and can be cleaned up easily with soapy water

PVA glues, in general, are not water proof

PVA sets best at room temperature in a place with good air circulation

Yellow tinted PVA glues have a shorter shelf life than white PVA glues.

Generally all PVA glues are the same in molecular structure with only *very* slight differences depending on what application they were designed for - don't pay more for 'special' types of PVA, their pretty much all exactly the same

The degree of polymerization of polyvinyl acetate typically is 100 to 5000 😉

PH Neutral / Acid-Free PVA Glue

Common among professional bookbinders are the acid-free 'ranges' of PVA glue, developed specifically for the Book Binding, Conservation and Book Repair Industries and as the name states, offer a pH neutral chemical make-up perfect for bookbinding or restoration projects. Whilst there are many different types of acid free PVA glues on the market, I tend to use Books by Hand pH Neutral PVA Adhesive >> which also happens to be reversible (just moisten with water) and more flexible than other PVA glues (both normal & pH Neutral) I've used in the past.

In general, pH Neutral and Acid Free PVA glues are formulated specifically for preservation projects because such qualities are not normally required when dealing with general woodwork or other day-to-day craft work. Because of their slightly different chemical composition you'll find that pH Neutral PVA Glues often will not yellow or become brittle over time which will happen with normal PVA Glues; they also seem to offer better film forming properties which helps when you are dealing with light cloth or delicate fine papers.

Common uses of PVA glue include sticking paper to paper, paper to binders board, sticking binders board together, or sticking leather or cloth to binders board.

Methyl Cellulose

Methyl Cellulose (also known as methyl ether and methylcellulose) is none-toxic, none digestible, chemical compound derived from cellulose (plant fibers); it has a neutral pH, dries clear and provides very flexible bonds. In bookbinding, Methyl Cellulose has many uses, the main one of which is as a mild glue for delicate works such as affixing silk to boards/paper or for book restoration repair. Due to the fact that methyl cellulose is reversible, dries with a matt finish and isn't affected by extreme temperatures makes it ideal for use when dealing with archival work.

Disadvantages of Methyl Cellulose

It is not suitable for use in high humidity

It's not particularly strong (much weaker than PVA)

Limited availability

Methyl Cellulose can also be mixed with PVA glue to help give more 'slip' and prolong its drying time without affecting its strength. MC is normally purchased as a granular white powder and has an infinite shelf-life (I tend to buy mine for cheap in bulk here off Amazon.com).

Another less common use for Methyl Cellulose is to help loosen and break down old glue from spines, bookboards, paper linings etc. You can also use MC to thicken water baths ready for marbling paper or fabric.

Methylcellulose is the main ingredient in many common wallpaper pastes on the market and can be easily washed off with water. It's also used as 'sizing' ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sizing) in the production of paper and textiles (applied during the production of paper and canvasses to reduce the absorbtion of water by minimizing the materials absorbtion through capillary action).

Methylcellulose should be mixed with cold or warm water, it does not mix well with hot water. Please see Directions on How to Mix Methyl Cellulose Correctly and its Various Applications.

Further Reading: http://bigjumppress.wordpress.com/2013/05/08/oh-my-god-im-out-of-glue/

History of Adhesive infographic

Click the image to the right to view the full info graphic. >>
NTI Data Products - The History of Adhesive from Horse Glue to Elmer's to Nano-tech
Hot Melt Adhesives

I hate hot melt adhesives. I do not think they have a place in traditional bookbinding projects. If however you're looking for information on it, this might help 😀

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Book Binding Tutorial: Glues - Tips, Techniques, Types & Recipes - iBookBinding - Bookbinding Tutorials & Resources

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One of the most overlooked aspects I see from amateur bookbinders is their choice of adhesives or glue; many of whom rely on PVA as a 'one-glue-fits-all' solution. Whilst PVA is a good option for many aspects in bookbinding it almost certainly shouldn't be used over other more suitable adhesives.

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Mylo is a sustainable leather alternative made from mycelium, the root-like system of mushrooms.

As a material, Mylo delivers the timeless aesthetic and luxurious feel of leather, but without the planetary impact associated with raising livestock.

While cows require extensive resources and years to raise, the mycelium used to make Mylo is grown in less than two weeks inside a state-of-the-art vertical farming facility powered by 100% renewable electricity.

The material that started a " mushroom leather" revolution, Mylo™ was created by the scientists and engineers at Bolt Threads and is a mycelium-based leather of choice for world-class brands including adidas, Stella McCartney, and more.

Together with our growing network of brand partners, we've developed Mylo to meet the highest possible aesthetic and performance standards for high-end, lower impact products.

Why Unleather?

Leather is an amazing material. But at the scale it's used today, it is simply unsustainable.

The global cattle industry - where the majority of leather comes from - has a massive environmental impact,

Because Mylo doesn't require the enormous amount of energy, land and calories needed to raise livestock, we can offer customers all the beloved properties of leather but without the devastating environmental impact of cattle.

Unleather™

[ən-leT͟Hər]

The radical act of choosing products made sustainably with infinitely renewable mycelium over animal and synthetic-based materials.

Eager to get a feel for Mylo? Get in touch to explore the possibilities of unleather.

FAQ

Mylo™ material is a sustainable leather alternative made from mycelium, the root-like structure of mushrooms, created by the scientists and engineers at Bolt Threads, a material solutions company based in Berkeley, California with manufacturing facilities in The Netherlands.

The process to make Mylo™ material starts with reproducing what naturally occurs beneath the forest floor. Inside a vertical farming facility powered by 100% renewable energy, fungal cells are mixed with sawdust and organic material to grow dense mycelial networks that rise from the substrate and form soft foam-like mats.

Once mature, the mycelium is harvested and the remaining substrate is composted. Guided by Green Chemistry principles, the mats are processed and transformed into sheets of soft, earthy biomaterial ready for surface texture and finishing by an LWG gold-rated tannery.

For a closer look at the process, visit our Material page.

Where can I purchase Mylo products?

Products made from Mylo™ material are available directly from our growing network of brand partners. Product availability, release dates, distribution, and points of sale are controlled by partners individually.

Sign up to receive the Mylo Newsletter and get updates on upcoming product launches.

Get the latest news by subscribing to the Mylo Newsletter.

You're on the list. Check your email to confirm.

Source: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model ( GLEAM) and United States Environmental Protection Agency ( US EPA)

Created by Bolt Threads. If you have questions about the accessibility of this website or require accommodation due to a disability, please contact us for immediate assistance.

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Meet Mylo™ - the sustainable Unleather™ made from infinitely renewable mycelium. Explore this revolutionary material, discover products, and more.

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Handmade using off cuts and surplus paper from the press (by Hato press)

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Green Print | Impress is certified as a Carbon Balanced Publication Printer, The Planet Mark, FSC certified and ISO 14001 Environmental Management.

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Article by Michał Büthner-Zawadzki, Business Developer Arctic Paper Polska.

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We think this book designed and printed in America is the most environmentally friendly we have come across.
Not only is this book printed on a recycled paper made by a mill, that runs off it's own hydroelectricity, the ink used is made from algae.
Created for clothing company Patagonia, the city guide is printed with a black pigment that Cast Iron Design sourced from Colorado company Living Ink. It is made from a by-product of blue-green algae, spirulina.Living Ink transforms the solid biomass, which is produced in California by Earthrise Nutritionals, into a dark pigment by a light thermal treatment that develops a black colour.
Algae-based ink is significant because it replaces the petroleum-based pigments used in conventional offset ink and has a smaller carbon footprint. There is also potential for the ink be carbon negative because algae is an organism that uses photosynthesis - a process that creates energy and turns carbon dioxide into oxygen.

Algae-based products have become popular in the past few years, as part of a bid to make alternative designs that are more sustainable. A Vollebak T-shirt, a raincoat by Charlotte McCurdy and packaging by Margarita Talep are among the other products made with algae. Brands Ecoalf and Native Shoes have also made trainers with elements of the aquatic plant.

The algae-based ink by Living Ink, however, is not yet available commercially and a patent is pending.

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The Ultimate Environmentally Friendly Book. - London Bookbinding

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We think this book designed and printed in America is the most environmentally friendly we have come across. Not only is this book printed on a recycled paper made by a mill, that runs off it's own hydroelectricity, the ink used is made from algae.

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This hand-bound, hand-constructed book is written and designed to initially feel like a paper sample booklet/paper guide, printed completely on recycled paper (16 different papers, 7 paper finishes, in several different earthy toned colors).

The goal of the book, intended to be printed only once, is to be passed around to spread the word to designers about paper and its environmental consequences. Readers are to feel the book's weight, the book's carbon footprint, and to feel the weight paper really has on the environment.

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This hand-bound, hand-constructed book is written and designed to initially feel like a paper sample booklet/paper guide, printed completely on recycled paper (16 different papers, 7 paper finishes, in several different earthy toned colors). The goal of the book, intended to be printed only once, is to be passed around to spread the word to designers about paper and its environmental consequences.

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Living Ink developed an algae-based ink that could be a sustainable alternative to petroleum derived products. Compared to traditionally used carbon back, it results in a decrease of carbon dioxide emissions by 200 percent.

Ink is everywhere! Almost everything around us requires ink. Carbon black, for producing the often used black ink, is equivalent to releasing over 8 million balloons full of pure CO². A sustainable ink would, therefore have an effect on our climate change that shouldn't be underestimated. Algae-based ink could be a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived products.

Living Ink, founded by Dr. Scott Fulbright and Dr. Steve Albers in 2013, has developed an ink based in algae that has a negative carbon footprint, is compostable and resistant to UV light. Compared to traditionally used carbon black, algae-based ink results in a decrease of carbon dioxide emission by 200 percent.

In 2015, Dr. Scott Fulbright gave a TedxMileHigh talk on this issue, that's definitely worth watching:

From Algae to Ink

Algae use carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce oxygen. More than half of the oxygen we inhale in one deep breath is produced by algae. It's keeping us alive, basically. Furthermore, algae are growing very fast and come in various colors which are the best requirements for sustainable ink. Further advantages are that algae don't need fertilizer, herbicides or genetically modified seeds.

In order to make ink from algae, they must grow in controlled containers and were compacted. Afterwards, plant-based components are added to complete the ink formula. They can be printed on paper, cardboard and even cotton textiles. Because it's 100 percent biodegradable, it can be disposed of on a compost pile and it would be degrade in a matter of days.

The ink can be processed like any other ink, from start to finish. In addition, an analysis of the Rochester Institute of Technology found that black algae ink is both darker black and more resistant to UV light than traditional carbon black. Some printers also reported that it is easier to clean off the flexographic plate than traditional inks.

Algae-based ink can be integrated into many different types of ink, for example for flexographic, lithographic, gravure and potentially digital applications as well as printed on nearly every packaging substrate.

"The World's First Time-Lapse Ink"

In the early years of the Living Ink research, developers of the ink formula discovered that algae-based ink changes color over the time. But that's not all! They developed a second ink technology where living algae cells are used as an ink that grows over time when exposed to light. The inks are actually alive! This offers exciting new possibilities, like gift cards whose surface change over time.

In 2017, Living Ink won a National Science Foundation Small Business Innovation grant to develop bio-based pigments for ink. Recently, on the 19 th September 2019, they were awarded the "Product Breakthrough of the Year Award" by the Algae Biomass Organization.

We're curious about the future of this special ink and looking forward to further algae products.
Did you have the chance to try algae-based ink yet? What's your opinion? Leave us a comment.

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Algae Ink: "The Most Sustainable Ink in the World" - drupa

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Living Ink developed an algae-based ink that could be a sustainable alternative to petroleum derived products. Compared to traditionally used carbon back, it results in a decrease of carbon dioxide emissions by 200 percent. Ink is everywhere! Almost everything around us requires ink.

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The Morgan Conservatory is the largest arts center in the United States dedicated to every facet of papermaking, book arts and letterpress printing and to cultivating the talents of established and emerging artists. An international destination that is free and open to the public, the Morgan Conservatory is a working studio, gallery, gathering place for the community, educational hub and purveyor of some of the finest handmade papers in the world.

Since opening to the public in 2008, the Morgan Art of Papermaking Conservatory and Educational Foundation has been a rising star in the Cleveland arts community and the papermaking world. The Morgan Conservatory's 15,000 square foot converted industrial space is home to professional and aspiring artists dedicated to the ancient art of papermaking, book arts and letterpress printing. The Conservatory has been transformed into an art facility with studios; an 85′ double-wall gallery; a space for community events; and a unique kozo garden was installed to grow fiber for specialized papers.

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The Morgan Conservatory is the largest arts center in the United States dedicated to every facet of papermaking, book arts and letterpress printing and to cultivating the talents of established and emerging artists.

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Description

Coccoina is a natural, traditional glue that has been made in Italy since 1927. Made from potato starch and almond essence, it has a distinctive Marzipan odour from Almond fragrance. The adhesive contains no toxic chemicals or palm oil, is degradable and is manufactured in an environment neutral plant that recovers its heat and water.

125g white adhesive paste with pig bristle brush in aluminium pot.

Description

Coccoina is a natural, traditional glue that has been made in Italy since 1927. Made from potato starch and almond essence, it has a distinctive Marzipan odour from Almond fragrance. The adhesive contains no toxic chemicals or palm oil, is degradable and is manufactured in an environment neutral plant that recovers its heat and water.

125g white adhesive paste with pig bristle brush in aluminium pot.

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Coccoina is a natural, traditional glue that has been made in Italy since 1927. Made from potato starch and almond essence, it has a distinctive Marzipan odour from Almond fragrance. The adhesive contains no toxic chemicals or palm oil, is degradable and is manufactured in an environment neutral plant that recovers its heat and water.

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Happy Holidays! Here, put on this apron and stop drinking. We've got work to do. We're making our own bookcloth today, so tell your family to get lost and let's get started.

Bookcloth is a basic bookbinding material made of cloth backed with paper. The paper backing is what protects the cloth from the adhesives you use when you glue or paste the bookcloth to boards. Commercial bookcloth comes in many colors and textures, and I love digging through sample books to find just the right shade for one of my printed editions. But when I am making blank books and empty boxes, I like to make my own bookcloth out of patterned cloth. Why? Because it is fun. And when I'm finished I have something that looks like this:

I learned to make bookcloth at the University of Alabama. Similar instructions for backing cloth can be found in in Kojiro Ikegami's excellent Japanese Bookbinding on pages 27-28. Do you have a copy? No? Get one. It is an amazing book.

So, first order of business, I went to my neighborhood sewing store the other day and picked out a couple of 100% cotton fat quarters. Fat quarters are a great size for book cloth making, and are readily available for cheap. If you are cutting cloth that you already have, I would start with something around 18″ square or a little bit larger. You can make larger sheets of bookcloth, but I advise starting with this size and moving up if you feel comfortable.

To back this cloth with paper, I am going to use paste, an adhesive made from starch that is easy to cook up in the kitchen. (I know, I know, I know, there is a quick and dirty iron-on thing. Please. We are trying to be serious today.) Wheat starch is easy to find in cheerful packaging at an Asian grocery store. Here is mine:

MAKING PASTE
There are like a hundred and twelve paste recipes out there. This is the one I use, but there are lots of people out there making lots of paste and it's all working out ok for everyone. So if you already make paste in your own way, just make some paste and skip this part.

I make my paste in a 1 part wheat starch, 5 parts water ratio. Today that shakes out to 100ml wheat starch (roughly a quarter cup) to 500 ml water.

Throw the starch and the water into your saucepan and let it sit and soak for half an hour or so. When half an hour has passed, start stirring over low-medium heat. If your hob runs hot, keep it to low. Do you like stirring? I hope so, because you are not going to stop for thirty or forty minutes.

Some people make paste in the microwave. They don't have to stir, but then they don't get forty minutes of guilt-free Battlestar Gallactica. (I know that computer looks pretty precarious, but it is on the verge of collapse and I am simply giving it the opportunity to go out on its own terms.)

Your paste will slowly start to thicken. It will stop looking like milk and start looking more translucent.

Soon it will start to look like gooey ooze.

Keep stirring until you start to see tiny little microbubbles. Like these:

When the microbubbles arrive, keep stirring for about five minutes, and then pour your paste into a container to cool.

After it has cooled down, you can pour some water over the top and store it in the fridge. If you are not going to use it right away, change the water every day. WARNING: if you do not use this paste within a week, it will start to smell like sewage. People will not want to come to your house for holiday parties, neighbors will start to complain about you to your landlord or the police, and you will embark on a surprisingly abrupt descent into lonely smelliness. If this happens to you, flush your paste down the toilet immediately. Don't look back.

Once the paste has cooled, let's get serious.
MATERIALS AND TOOLS YOU'LL NEED
Cloth
I have washed my 100% cotton fat quarters in the washing machine to eliminate all those new-cloth chemicals.

Japanese Paper
I am using an unidentified roll of Japanese paper that I found on sale earlier this year at Falkiners. Japanese paper (or much of it) is made from the kozo plant. The long kozo fibers make it particularly strong. There are countless varieties of Japanese paper. I am not picky about what kind I use. I am looking for medium weight, around 50 gsm or a bit less. Maybe something in this neighborhood. I don't want anything tissue thin because it is hard to work with. Thick paper yields thick book cloth. You can order sample books of Japanese paper, or visit an art supply store with a good paper section. This paper does NOT have to be of excruciatingly high quality.

Large Boards
You'll need at least two boards a few inches larger than your cloth in all directions. I like to use plexi (that's perspex to you, UK) but large sheets of MDF or high quality, smooth plywood will work as well. In the absence of these options (as I am today) I use a thick acetate or mylar taped to sheets of binders board. I am in between sheets of plexi since my move, but am hoping to upgrade again soon.

You'll also need a stipple brush (not critical, but very useful,) a large glue brush, a dishcloth or two, a strainer, a spray bottle of water, your paste, and a bowl. You might also want a dowel or long ruler, but this is not essential.

STRAINING YOUR PASTE
I begin by straining my paste. (And here you thought I was finished going on and on about paste.) Straining the paste eliminates the lumps that can cause trouble for you later. If you are lazy you can do this in a blender.

I scoop a good bit of paste into my strainer and start to work it through and into the bowl using my large brush. I am using about half of what I made.

smoosh smoosh smoosh.

When I am done, I need to add a small amount of water and work the paste with my brush.

I like to re-strain the paste to help me get rid of all of those little lumps and bumps.

I want to work my paste and add small splashes of water until it is nice and silky smooth and roughly the consistency of a loose hair conditioner. I am patient. (This smooth, strained paste will keep for a day, but not much longer. Take heed.)

BACKING THE CLOTH
We're ready now to back the cloth. Your cloth should be stretchy in one direction and not stretchy in the other direction. This non-stretchy direction is the warp, and should be parallel with the grain of your paper. (The stretchy direction is called the weft and a recent google search told me that the weft is also called the woof, which is ridiculous.)

Lay your cloth on top of your paper so that the warp is aligned with the grain of the paper.

Cut a piece of paper that is larger in all directions by at least an inch.

Lay out your boards. I am doing this on my dining room table so that I've got space to move around.

Lay your cloth face down on one of the boards. Spritz it with water.

Use your hands to manipulate the dampened cloth so that it is lying flat and has no wrinkles.

If your cloth has a geometric pattern, beware stretching the cloth and warping the pattern.

Lay your Japanese paper on the other board. If there is a rough side and a smooth side to your paper, put the rough side up. Remember your grain direction here and lay the paper with the grain going the same way as the warp. Now paste out the paper with your large brush, starting in the middle and covering the entire sheet with large strokes to the outside. Make sure you get coverage everywhere. The entire surface should be slick.

Using a dowel, a long ruler, or a spare bit of wood, pick up the pasted out paper. You can also do this with your hands, which is what I usually do.

Look, I've abandoned the wood and put on an apron all of a sudden. Anyway, carefully drape the paper, paste-side down, onto the cloth. Paste is very slow drying, so you have time to reposition. This is much easier with two people, but if you are on your own, just be patient. Don't be afraid to pick the paper up and try again. You want the paper to extend beyond the cloth without any big air bubbles or wrinkles.

If you have a large wide brush, you can use it to smooth the paper onto the cloth. I gently use the sides of my hands. I am not moving or repositioning at this stage, just smoothing everything out.

It's dish towel time! A rolled up dishtowel may not be a traditional bookbinding tool, but it is the best thing for this job. Repeatedly bang that towel with a straight up and down motion all over that sheet, making good contact everywhere. If it looks like there are areas that need a bit more attention, I go back with my stipple brush and give it to them. Beware damaging the paper here, if you see fibers tearing away or wrinkling occurring, use less pressure and be careful of your angle.

With your paste brush, paste the edges where the paper extends beyond the cloth. Do NOT put paste on the cloth areas.

Clean off the surface of the board you used when you applied paste to your large sheet of paper.

Pick up your soggy sheet of bookcloth. . .

. . . and drape it down onto the clean board, this time with the cloth-side UP.

Use your fingers to smoosh the pasted edges onto the board.

Rip a small piece of scrap paper and insert it at a corner. This will help you take the cloth off tomorrow.

Stand the board up and let the bookcloth dry overnight.

Repeat! Once you've got your paste mixed up, you are ready to go, so I usually make four or five sheets at a time. It is helpful to have a number of boards so that you can keep on going.

The next morning, you may find that your cloth is falling off the board on its own, or you may have to coax it off with a tearing knife or letter opener.

Trim the edges off the cloth, and it is ready to use!

That was fun, right? Maybe you want to do it again and again and again like I do?

Or perhaps you want to drink mulled wine and start talking to your family again. Ok, me too. Happy Holidays from Big Jump Press!

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Put down that mulled wine immediately. We are making bookcloth today.

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Happy Holidays! Here, put on this apron and stop drinking. We've got work to do. We're making our own bookcloth today, so tell your family to get lost and let's get started.Bookcloth is a basic bookbinding material made of cloth backed with paper. The paper backing is what protects the cloth from the adhesives you...

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Home / Binding Supplies / Binding and Report Covers / Renz Plastic Free A4 Eco Frosted Binding Covers. 200gsm. Pack of 100

Sale!

£27.95 £19.00 ex Vat | £22.80 inc.VAT

In Stock

Description

Eco Friendly alternative to plastic covers. 100% recyclable, compostable and biodegradable and totally chlorine free (TCF). Environmentally Friendly Covers

The new paper based cover from Renz is aesthetically almost identical to a standard frosted plastic cover. Unlike plastic covers, documents using the paper based cover do not need to be separated into their respective parts to be recycled.

The paper based covers from Renz are from paper that is unbleached, totally chlorine free (tcf), 100% recyclable, compostable and biodegradable. By comparison plastic binding covers made from polypropylene can take over 400 years to degrade.
Can also be printed on easily using either an office/ home printer or a commercial print engine.

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Renz Environmentally Friendly Binding Covers

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Home / Binding Supplies / Binding and Report Covers / Renz Plastic Free A4 Eco Frosted Binding Covers. 200gsm. Pack of 100 Sale! £27.95 £19.00 ex Vat | £22.80 inc.VAT In Stock Eco Friendly alternative to plastic covers. 100% recyclable, compostable and biodegradable and totally chlorine free (TCF).

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Superhero? Pretty darn close. This is the bag of many faces, it goes by a multitude of aliases, and amazingly serves a rich variety of super essential packaging purposes.

EcoEnclose 100% Recycled Flap & Seal Bags offer your products clear protection from dust, dirt, moisture, and scratching. They also happen to be earth & archival-friendly.

The sky's the limit in regards to functionality of these bad-boys. Bag and protect your apparel items, your catalogs, your art prints & photos. Peel and seal them once and then seal them again with the resealable adhesive closure.

Looking for a clear bag with a Suffocation Warning printed on it? Check out our new line of 100% Recycled Clear Bags with Suffocation Warning, with the added bonus of eco-friendly branding as well!

* Please note: We can custom print your Flap & Seal bags for orders of 50,000+ bags. Smaller sizes may have higher MOQ.

Weights and Dimensions By Mailer Size

If you're looking for the weights and dimensions of a specific product listed above, look no further! Find the product size and bundle/case type that you are considering in the table below.

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Superhero? Pretty darn close. This is the bag of many faces, it goes by a multitude of aliases, and amazingly serves a rich variety of super essential packaging purposes. EcoEnclose 100% Recycled Flap & Seal Bags offer your products clear protection from dust, dirt, moisture, and scratching.

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"Cello" bags are compostable, as long as it's truly cellulose and not polyurethane branded as "cello"! You can tell because it's unpleasantly noisy when you crinkle it

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Description

Eco paper brown tape, 50 metre long rolls of 25mm wide narrow tape, with hi tac self-adhesive it can be used. Made from brown 100% recycled kraft paper saturated with a latex in aqueous solution and a natural latex-based adhesive. The tape is degradable in landfill, is fully recyclable and does not need to be removed when used boxes are recycled. Sold in individual rolls, this product has a matt finish and unlike many of the cheaper tapes out there, this tape will stick to itself, which is very important when sealing boxes. Wrap up your presents without plastic.

Eco paper brown tape, 50 metre long rolls of 25mm wide narrow tape, with hi tac self-adhesive it can be used. Made from brown 100% recycled kraft paper saturated with a latex in aqueous solution and a natural latex-based adhesive. The tape is degradable in landfill, is fully recyclable and does not need to be removed when used boxes are recycled. Sold in individual rolls, this product has a matt finish and unlike many of the cheaper tapes out there, this tape will stick to itself, which is very important when sealing boxes. Wrap up your presents without plastic.

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Eco paper brown tape, 50 metre long rolls of 25mm wide narrow tape, with hi tac self-adhesive it can be used. Made from brown 100% recycled kraft paper saturated with a latex in aqueous solution and a natural latex-based adhesive.

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The Green Design and Print Production Handbook

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The Green Design and Print Production Handbook

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The Green Design and Print Production Handbook' shows how you can create a green business culture, reduce your environmental footprint and help the planet. Adopting a cradle-to-grave approach, the book explores green raw materials and green design, and how eco-friendly practices can be integrated into prepress, printing, distribution and even 'beyond the door', in relation to returns. 'The Green Design and Print Production Handbook'looks at the global context and frameworks for action, the unique challenges facing the industry - be it book, magazine, or newspaper publishing or print for packaging and promotion - and how it can respond. This book is for anyone who works with print, from publishers, printers, distributors and retailers to writers, editors, designers and sales reps. Explaining how sustainable processes can be achieved without damaging the bottom line, it also introduces eco-friendly working practices that will benefit your business.

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The Green Design and Print Production Handbook

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The Green Design and Print Production Handbook' shows how you can create a green business culture, reduce your environmental footprint and help the planet. Adopting a cradle-to-grave approach, the book explores green raw materials and green design, and how eco-friendly practices can be integrated into prepress, printing, distribution and even 'beyond the door', in relation to returns.

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Made out of recycled waste plastic

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Biodegradable paper tape that can be composted or recycled available in 50mm wide, 24mm wide (brown or white) and 19mm wide x 50 meters long.

This self adhesive paper tape is the perfect plastic-free and eco-friendly alternative to single use plastic tape. Can be used for packing parcels, craft and generally around the house.

Compostable & recyclable

Plastic-free

Vegan

Made with natural rubber based adhesive

Sourced from UK/EU

Biodegradable paper tape that can be composted or recycled available in 50mm wide, 24mm wide (brown or white) and 19mm wide x 50 meters long.

This self adhesive paper tape is the perfect plastic-free and eco-friendly alternative to single use plastic tape. Can be used for packing parcels, craft and generally around the house.

Compostable & recyclable

Plastic-free

Vegan

Made with natural rubber based adhesive

Sourced from UK/EU

Description

Available in 50mm wide, 24mm wide or 19mm wide x 50 meters long
An eco-friendly alternative to plastic parcel tape, this eco self adhesive paper tape is made from renewable kraft paper not from plastic. It is water and solvent resistant, acid free - suitable for picture framing use and can also be used for cold storage (it can be applied at chilled temperatures (roughly 5 degrees) and stored down to -25).

This paper parcel tape can be left on the cardboard carton when it is recycled. At present though, realistically, it is more likely that paper recyclers will still be using systems to recover this mechanically for energy recovery through incineration as they do with plastic tapes rather than re-pulping it. Hopefully this situation will improve as paper tapes become the norm and the recycling industry advances in line.

Composting - although paper & cardboard is often composted our recommended method of disposal would be to recycle it. This way it could be re-used up to about 7 times.
Packaging
Zero packaging.

Materials

Kraft Paper, Natural Rubber Adhesive

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Biodegradable paper tape that can be composted or recycled available in 50mm wide, 24mm wide (brown or white) and 19mm wide x 50 meters long. This self adhesive paper tape is the perfect plastic-free and eco-friendly alternative to single use plastic tape. Can be used for packing parcels, craft and generally around the house.

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Paper Calculator 4.0 | Environmental Paper Network

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Our Papers

Sustainably made in European mills

Environmental Calculator

See the environmental savings you can make using recycled papers

Showcase your savings

Why Recycled Papers are the right choice

Manufacturing recycled paper uses less energy, water, and produces lower carbon emissions, than manufacturing non-recycled paper. It also significantly reduces the amount of waste sent to landfill. Yet, with advances to our sustainable production processes, our papers are now as white and offer the same print performance as virgin fibre products. No compromise required.
Find out more

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See the environmental savings you can make using recycled papers Showcase your savings Why Recycled Papers are the right choice Manufacturing recycled paper uses less energy, water, and produces lower carbon emissions, than manufacturing non-recycled paper. It also significantly reduces the amount of waste sent to landfill.

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The bleaching process used to whiten products, particularly paper, paper products, and tissue products, is another critical environmental factor to include in environmentally sustainable criteria. Chlorine used in manufacturing processes affects not only the environment but also human health as well.

Up until the late 1990s, chlorine was the chemical of choice for bleaching paper in the kraft pulping process, which produces almost all printing and office papers, as well as tissue products, along with some types of packaging. Not only does chlorine get paper fibers very white, it also pulls out and binds with lignins (the structural cells in the tree that cause paper to deteriorate).

However, when chlorine bonds chemically with carbon-based compounds (such as lignins), it produces dioxins and toxic pollutants. When released into water, they do not break down. Dioxin, even when released in miniscule amounts, bioaccumulates as it moves up the food chain, reaching its highest concentration in humans, where it is increasingly linked to cancers as well as endocrine, reproductive, nervous and immune system damage.

As early as 1985, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) labeled dioxin "the most potent carcinogen ever tested in laboratory animals." EPA has been working for several years on an assessment of dioxin and its sources. Its report is currently available in draft form. But it has found that, while there are some natural causes of dioxins, such as forest fires and volcanoes, their production is very small compared to human-made sources. Paper mills figure significantly as one of these human-made sources.

In 1998, EPA released the " Cluster Rules," which regulate the amount of hazardous pollutants paper mills are allowed to release, whether to water, air or land. The mills can develop their own methods for compliance. Many environmental and health advocates believe that the Cluster Rules do not go far enough, and disagreement continues over what method of dealing with dioxins and other chlorinated pollutants is best.

However, what is clear is that there are methods of bleaching paper pulp that totally eliminate the possibility of dioxins, replacing chlorine with oxygen, ozone and hydrogen peroxide instead. These methods are primarily used only in many of the deinking mills producing recycled pulp in North America and in European virgin and recycled pulp mills. North American virgin pulp mills have, instead, converted to "elemental chlorine free" (ECF) processes that use chlorine derivatives, primarily chlorine dioxide, instead of elemental chlorine gas. ECF does dramatically reduce the potential to form dioxins, but does not completely eliminate it. However, some paper manufacturers and sales representatives present their papers as "chlorine free" when they mean only that it was not bleached with chlorine gas, not that no form of chlorine was used.

The Worldwatch Institute (Paper Cuts, 1999) reports that a mill using standard chlorine bleaching will release about 35 tons of organochlorines (dioxins and chlorinated toxic pollutants) a day. An ECF mill will release 7-10 tons per day. A PCF/TCF mill will release none.

There are four bleaching terms that are important to understand. Two describe processes to avoid, and two describe processes to encourage.

Elemental Chlorine

A chemical gas that brightens paper fibers and removes lignins. It binds with carbon-based compounds (such as trees) to produce dioxins and toxic pollutants. Chlorine gas bleaching has been phased out in the U.S. and Canada in favor of chlorine dioxide bleaching.

Elemental Chlorine Free

Totally Chlorine Free

Uses only non-chlorine bleaching processes, including oxygen, peroxide and ozone bleaching systems. Eliminates dioxins and chlorinated toxic pollutants by not producing them in the first place.

Processed Chlorine Free

Uses totally chlorine free processing and includes recycled content. Both the recycled fiber and any virgin fiber must be bleached without chlorine or chlorine compounds.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Q: If a mill buys pulp to make their chlorine free paper, is it the bleaching system of the manufacturer or of the pulp supplier that has to be completely chlorine free?
A: "Chlorine free" is a description of the process used to make the paper. Therefore, the pulp supplier definitely must use completely chlorine free bleaching processes. If the manufacturer bleaches the pulp in its papermaking process, then it, too, must be chlorine free.

However, some mills buy chlorine free pulp and make paper without additional bleaching in their own facility. If the pulp is not contaminated with pulp in the mill that was bleached with chlorine or chlorine compounds, then it still can produce chlorine free paper.

In addition, a few recycled printing and office papers are made without any bleaching at all. The scrap paper is simply dumped into a pulping vat without either deinking or bleaching. This paper almost always is speckled from the ink particles that were not removed (considered a desirable graphic effect for many letterheads and brochures), and would also be considered to be unbleached, or processed chlorine free. (However, not all speckled papers are made in this way; many are bleached with chlorine or chlorine dioxide. Check with the mill.)
Q: Isn't PCF paper contaminated by chlorine from the fibers' original virgin paper production?
A: Because virtually all virgin printing and writing papers in North America are bleached with some form of chlorine compounds or derivatives, one can assume that the recycled fibers come from papers originally chlorine bleached. Some health advocates have been concerned that trace amounts of chlorine might remain in the fibers.

However, recycling is a very wash-intensive process. Before the fibers are made into new paper, they are washed, swirled, rubbed, screened, and rinsed many times. It is unlikely that chlorine will still be attached to the fibers.

Rather, what matters most is how the paper is made in its recycled version. If it is processed without any chlorine or chlorine derivatives, it qualifies as chlorine free paper.
Q: Still, isn't it better to buy paper that is TCF so that there's no chance any chlorine could have been introduced into the product?
A: It is important that manufacturers, including those making virgin paper, use chlorine free processes. Not only is this safer for the environment and human health, but most recycled papers have some virgin fiber and need reliably chlorine free sources for it. Still, it's important to remember that the point of asking for truly chorine free paper is to develop enough market demand for it that mills will have incentives to switch to it.

At the same time, chlorine free, while very important, is not the only environmental characteristic to consider in choosing paper. Combining factors is far better. (See Which Is Better: TCF, Tree Free or Recycled?) Even when all our paper is produced in chlorine free processes, we will still need to recycle it. It is critical to keep the recycling system going now by choosing recycled content along with chlorine free bleaching. Some tree free pulps are also chlorine free.
Q: My paper salesperson assured me the paper I bought was chlorine free. Later, I learned that it was ECF. Did they lie to me?
A: Some people within the paper industry are playing with semantics. They tell customers that a paper is "chlorine free" when they actually mean it is "chlorine gas free" or free of "elemental chlorine." They know most customers will assume that therefore there is no chlorine involved in the process. However, most North American mills are now using chlorine dioxide, a derivative of chlorine. While it dramatically reduces the potential for dioxins by more than 90%, it cannot completely eliminate them, despite industry literature to the contrary.

Because the terms are not yet being used consistently and reliably, you need to investigate the paper's manufacturing process to be sure it's TCF or PCF.
Q: How can I do that if I'm not a paper manufacturing expert? Besides, I don't have time to investigate every paper I use.
A: Fortunately, you have help. The Chlorine Free Products Association certifies papers that meet their criteria for chlorine free, which includes several factors in addition to the bleaching method. It awards its PCF symbol to papers that contain a minimum of 30% postconsumer fiber, have not been rebleached with chlorine-containing compounds, are made in mills without outstanding environmental violations, and use TCF virgin pulp (when virgin fiber is included in the paper) that did not come from old growth forests. Its TCF symbol is awarded to virgin papers meeting the same criteria, without, of course, the recycled content requirement. CFPA's process includes visits to the mills and extensive documentation.

Of course, not all chlorine free papers have gone through CFPA's certification process, yet they are still manufactured in a chlorine free process. Conservatree identifies chlorine free papers on our paper listings that either have gotten CFPA or other chlorine free certifications, or that we have interviewed mill representatives enough about to be convinced that they, also, qualify as chlorine free. While an intensive investigation process, such as is conducted through certification, is the best assurance that the papers meet your expectations, there are many non-certified papers that are reliably chlorine free (TCF and PCF) as well.

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The bleaching process used to whiten products, particularly paper, paper products, and tissue products, is another critical environmental factor to include in environmentally sustainable criteria. Chlorine used in manufacturing processes affects not only the environment but also human health as well.

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Coffee Cup Recycling | CupCycling™ | From Cups to Luxury Paper

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CupCycling™ by James Cropper is the world's first recycling process dedicated to upcycling take-away cups into luxury papers and bespoke packaging.

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As a green printing company, everything we print is produced sustainably and with environmental protection in mind. We are a carbon balanced printer doing everything we can to keep our carbon footprint minimal, as well as helping others to reduce theirs with eco-friendly printing. Our lithographic presses use B2 and B3 chemistry-free plates, which are the greenest printing plates available, and our HP Indigo Digital Press has Nordic Swan Accreditation and is the most sustainable digital press on the market. Our use of these sustainable solutions and vegetable-based litho inks mean we can produce chemistry-free, vegan-friendly print! We also ensure that all our paper is sustainably sourced, using only FSC and recycled stocks. When it comes to sustainability of print and paper, it's important to seperate the facts from the myths - take a look at our Myths & Facts booklet to find out more.

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We are one of the most eco friendly printing companies in the UK, producing sustainable print with every job we handle.

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If you are a company that needs to print materials for marketing purposes, to create restaurant menus or to fulfill other print needs, green printing practices are the best options!

How can eco-friendly printing benefit your company?

For one, sustainable printing practices can be more cost-effective than traditional practices. In addition, green printing practices deliver the same high-quality products that you expect from conventional printing. Secondly, green printing reduces waste, eliminates harmful chemicals, and protects the environment from further harm.

In the end, partnering with a printing company that uses green practices like using recycled printing paper and eco-friendly inks can benefit your company! Read on to learn more about how you can do your part to conserve the environment by printing with an eco-friendly printing company.

A Comprehensive Guide to Environmentally Friendly Printing Services

Is Printing Bad for the Environment?

To start, we must analyze whether printing is a green practice or not!

Many traditional printing companies use chlorine-based bleaches for certain types of printing. Toxic chemicals are released into the water, soil, and air when these bleached papers are thrown away. To elaborate, the paper emits methane gas as it decomposes-that's 25 times more toxic than CO2!

In addition to harmful bleaching practices, many printing companies use technology that emits potentially dangerous amounts of ozone. For reference, ozone (O3) is a highly unstable and reactive form of oxygen that can cause debilitating side effects on the human body.

In reaction, several printing companies have introduced sustainable printing processes. Keep reading to learn more about green printing and how The Print Authority is setting an example of optimal green printing practices.

What is Green Printing?
Green printing is the practice of using renewable energy resources, reducing the use of energy and greenhouse emissions, and using recycled materials. For example, a printing service may use recycled paper to print their products.
Continue reading to learn about green printing processes and eco-friendly paper practices that are conserving the environment.

Green Printing Processes

Over time, printing companies have taken a look at their production processes to implement more sustainable practices.

As mentioned before, they might limit the use of unnecessary chemicals or use recycled materials!

In addition, progressive printing companies have opted for digital printing presses that use less power, require fewer chemicals and use biodegradable toner.

After all, changing press and other chemicals makes good sense if effective and environmentally friendly substitutes can be found!

In the end, reducing waste lowers cost and makes the operation more efficient and profitable.

These forward-thinking practices are great examples of how printing companies are evolving with the times. Nonetheless, there is more to be done when it comes to eco-friendly printing! In the next section, we'll look at sustainable paper practices.

Eco-Friendly Paper Practices

The benefits of recycling paper are known widely. Nonetheless, it hasn't become an industry-standard until recently. In truth, recycled printing paper is both more accessible and more affordable than ever before. Not to mention, some eco-friendly papers today are touted as carbon neutral!

To explain, this may mean that a paper company supports environmentally friendly projects that offset the carbon impact of producing the paper.

Other types of eco-friendly paper are produced using renewable energy, such as wind power.

An even more unusual green printing technique includes using tree-free paper. This unique paper alternative is derived from vegetable products such as bamboo, jute, wheat, straw or agricultural waste.

Whichever eco-friendly paper alternative that you choose, it will print with the same quality that you expect from traditional printer paper. It is also important to note the percentage of post consumer waste in any recycled paper you choose. There are more options than ever available now including paper which is made with 100% post consumer waste.

Eco-Friendly Print On-Demand at The Print Authority

Although the idea has been around for some time, transforming printing to make the printing process greener has come into its own over the last decade.

As a result, The Print Authority has taken a firm stance for eco-friendly printing!

In recent years, The Print Authority has transitioned to environmentally-friendly printing materials, such as soy ink. Soy ink provides more accurate colors and makes it easier to recycle paper because the ink is biodegradable. This means you get better quality prints while helping the environment!

Even more, we've updated our offset printing plate system to a more eco-friendly 'chemistry-free' process. With this change, we now recycle 100% of our printing plates and our plate machine produces only nontoxic by-products.

Another area where we have had success in helping the environment is in promoting our digital department for short-run documents.

This is environmentally conscious on several fronts. First, short-run documents tend to be more up to date; this reduces obsolescence. Second, digital printing has dramatically less setup than offset printing; we have found digital printing reduces waste by 10% or more. Third, our state-of-the-art digital printing equipment uses a low amount of power and uses biodegradable toner.

In addition to modernizing our services and production processes, The Print Authority has taken steps to improve eco-friendly practices behind the scenes. For example, we eliminated unnecessary paperwork used to process our printing projects-instead, we use electronic forms for purchase orders! We also do our best to group shipments going to the same location into fewer boxes. This reduces the shipping cost and the environmental footprint of the shipment.

All in all, The Print Authority is proud to offer eco-friendly print on-demand that exceeds the client's expectations and protects the environment.

You've read about the impact that The Print Authority has had on the environment. Now, discover the results that clients have seen using out eco-friendly print on-demand services in the next section.

The Print Authority's Green Impact

About a decade ago, The Print Authority realized people were unhappy with competitor printing companies.

Why?

Some competitors provided low-cost services for large printing orders, stored these bulk orders for future distribution and then destroyed the remaining product when it went out of date. However, these same companies charged tens of thousands of dollars in destruction charges for obsolete printing that needed to be updated.

Additionally, backorders at the printing company were a significant problem because shipping one order in multiple boxes increases the shipping cost (and is not environmentally friendly). This practice wasted valuable paper, energy and time.

The Print Authority fixed this problem.

The Print Authority created an intuitive website and began offering print-on-demand services in place of bulk printing and storage. As a result, backorders were eliminated and 100% of client orders ship within two working days.

What was the result?

This new printing process has lowered client's cost of obsolete materials by nearly $24,000 per year! In other words, waste is dramatically reduced and clients save thousands of dollars!

Click the dropdown menu to recap The Print Authority's eco-friendly printing business directives:

1. Minimize paper waste. The Print Authority minimizes waste by offering on-demand services in which the client can order items when needed. In addition, the printing company recycles paper waste and promotes reuse of obsolete paper.

2. Recycle 100% of printing plates. In addition, The Print Authority uses a chemistry-free plate making system that produces no toxic chemical byproducts.

3. Reuse packaging materials. It's not just promotional products that put a strain on the environment-packing materials also play a role in rampant environmental issues. The Print Authority reuses packaging materials when possible and reduces waste by grouping shipments going to the same location.

4. Decrease Redo Rate. The Print Authority always actively works to lower its redo rate. Typically, the printing company's redo rate is close to or below 0.5% of sales.

5. Utilize environmentally friendly digital presses. The Print Authority's black and white digital presses produce ozone free printing and also have extremely low heat, reducing power usage. Their color digital presses use plant-based biodegradable toner!

6. Use recycled paper products. The on-demand printing company uses as standard stocks glossy, dull and uncoated cover papers that all contain post-consumer waste. This means many customers use recycled paper without even knowing!

7. Donate obsolete paper. Rather than throw away obsolete paper, the printing company donates reusable paper to schools and preschools.

8. Reduce gasoline use. The printing company completes as many operations as possible in-house to avoid unnecessary trips.

9. Decrease paper for internal operations. The printing company uses email invoices and statements where possible to avoid unnecessary printing.

10. Use eco-friendly inks. Soy and vegetable-based inks are used in the offset printing process to increase paper biodegradability. In addition, these inks tend to be more spreadable which reduces ink waste.

We also recognize that there is always more than can be done to reduce our environmental impact, so we are always on the lookout for new and better ways of improving our green initiatives!
Green Printing Products and Services

The Print Authority has a variety of on-demand printing products and services that utilize the green printing methods mentioned above.

Click the dropdown to view a variety of green products that The Print Authority creates.

Newsletters

Notecards

Plastic signs

Postcards

Posters

Programs

Promotional items

Presentation boards

Temporary wall graphics

Tickets

Training manuals

Yard signs

Is there something you need printing that isn't mentioned on this list? Fill out a contact form or give us a call at (615) 468-2679 to learn more about the green printing service and products we can create for you!

Contact The Print Authority Today!

At The Print Authority, we are committed to improving our processes and helping our clients make choices that reduce environmental impacts. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help your company with our custom, sustainable printing methods!

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Green Printing 101: What Makes Sustainable Printing "Green"?

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If you are a company that needs to print materials for marketing purposes, to create restaurant menus or to fulfill other print needs, green printing practices are the best options! How can eco-friendly printing benefit your company? For one, sustainable printing practices can be more cost-effective than traditional practices.

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At Southside Print, we're passionate about doing our bit to save the planet. With such extreme weather around the world and record-breaking temperatures becoming the new norm, it's more important then ever to reduce our carbon footprint and generally be more eco-friendly as a company and as individuals. We're certainly stepping up to the mark.

Are you looking for a 'green' printer near London Bridge?

We hope that being 'green' is important to you too. If so, you'll probably want to find an environmentally-friendly printer, i.e. one who uses eco-friendly practices and chooses sustainable materials wherever possible. That's where we come in because we genuinely care about the environment and our impact on the planet. So, when you choose Southside as your environmentally-friendly printer, you know you are making a green choice and are also playing your part in the much bigger picture.

How we are environmentally friendly

At Southside Print, there are a number of ways in which we help to minimise waste and reduce our carbon footprint. Just a few examples include the following:

All paper, card and board off-cuts are saved for recycling wherever possible. As printers, that's a no-brainer and results in a huge amount of paper-based material going back into the production of things like ... more recycled paper! Speaking of which ...

While the final decision about paper and card is down to the individual customer, we try wherever possible to suggest the use of sustainable papers. Depending on the job in hand, these might include paper that is 100% or at least partly recycled, made from pulp from sustainable sources, a mixture of the two, or even paper and board that contains nothing from trees at all - for example, paper made from sustainable cotton - this has a lovely crispness about it too. There is a wide variety of eco-friendly paper, card and board available on the market, so it makes total sense to offer such options to customers. Together, we can then help the planet and reverse some of the damage already done.

We also endeavour to choose only energy-efficient machinery. These days, this is easier than ever because most modern machines have energy-efficient modes and other eco-friendly options. These save energy, minimise heat loss and can even reduce the amount of wasted material and consumables used during production.

At Southside, we often also go the extra mile by using green cycle couriers to deliver to London customers wherever possible. There are not many printers that go to such lengths!

It may come as a surprise to some but our website hosting was also carefully chosen; at Southside, only 'green' hosting will do! The servers used to display our website are hosted in an energy-efficient environment and one that takes enormous measures to limit heat loss. Such measures help to reduce carbon dioxide building up in the atmosphere - that's an incredibly important step towards reducing the greenhouse effect that can so badly add to global warming.

Contact SE1's eco-friendly printer

If you are as passionate as us about the environment and are looking for an eco-friendly printer, please give us a try at Southside Print. Printing need not cost the Earth, so we'll be able to offer various eco-friendly options with prices to suit and then you can make an informed choice. Together, we can all play our part to help the environment.

We're based in Tabard Street in SE1, so are particularly convenient for those in or near the London Bridge and areas of south east London. Call 020 7378 6754 if you'd like to chat things through or, alternatively, request a quote online here and we'll be happy to help. Our core services are digital printing, large format printing and graphic design along with a whole host of other printing-related services. Click any of the bold links for further details.

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Eco-friendly printers in Borough, London Bridge & SE1: Southside Print

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At Southside Print , we're passionate about doing our bit to save the planet. With such extreme weather around the world and record-breaking temperatures becoming the new norm, it's more important then ever to reduce our carbon footprint and generally be more eco-friendly as a company and as individuals.

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With you in no time
Quick delivery - if you are in Central London, you can receive your order minutes after it's printed. That's because they have a fleet of bicycles, motorcycles, and vans and can use the vehicle that best suits your delivery needs.

Helping the planet
Greener - that's right, their fleet includes bicycles! They can cut through traffic to get to you quicker and are much more environmentally friendly. Gophr's riders are pros and your orders will be in great hands.

You've got the power
Tracking control - Gophr offers desktop and mobile apps, so you can check where your delivery is, anywhere, any time . Plus, real time GPS means you get a live ETA and know exactly when your delivery will be with you.

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Get your Hatch printed order delivered by Gophr

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With you in no time Quick delivery - if you are in Central London, you can receive your order minutes after it's printed. That's because they have a fleet of bicycles, motorcycles, and vans and can use the vehicle that best suits your delivery needs.

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Non-Adhesive Binding: Books without Paste or Glue: 1

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Non-Adhesive Binding: Books without Paste or Glue: 1 by Smith, Prof. Keith at AbeBooks.co.uk - ISBN 10: 0963768263 - ISBN 13: 9780963768261 - Keith A. Smith Books - 1999 - Softcover

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Paper Inspiration #69: Reduce Waste Book

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Sustainable Printing

At Photoline, all of the paper that we print with comes from sustainable sources.

Our team are always sourcing the best quality resources to deliver our eco-friendly promise with our latest innovation being Nautilus paper.

What is Nautilus paper?

Nautilus is a premium recycled uncoated matt paper for professional printing, carrying the highest environmental credentials to translate an eco-conscious corporate identity and message.

Nautilus Grades

Superwhite is a premium recycled sheet with excellent brightness.

With a unique surface for ink density and sharp detail, it boasts an environmental profile of 100% post-consumer recycled paper with FSC recycled and EU ecolabel certifications.

5 green star system

From 80gsm - 350gsm paper weight options

High white shade for corporate identity in any application from stationery, business cards or flyers

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100% post-consumer recycled paper

FSC recycled certificate

DIN6738, ISO9001, ISO14001 and OHSAS 18001

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From 90gsm - 300gsm paper weight options

100% post-consumer recycled paper

5 Green Star System

FSC Recycled Certified

DIN6738, ISO 9001,ISO 4001 and OHSAS 18001

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At Photoline, all of the paper that we print with comes from sustainable sources. Our team are always sourcing the best quality resources to deliver our eco-friendly promise with our latest innovation being Nautilus paper. Nautilus is a premium recycled uncoated matt paper for professional printing, carrying the highest environmental credentials to translate an eco-conscious corporate identity and message.

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Paper products

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Environmental Footprint Comparison Tool (EFCT)

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Welcome to the Environmental Footprint Comparison Tool (EFCT). Represents technical knowledge acquired by NCASI scientists and engineers conducting research in the forest products industry; grounded in references to peer-reviewed scientific publications.

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The two major systems for forest certification are the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). This table is not meant to be an
exhaustive comparison. A list of references to more detailed comparisons can be found "Additional Resources".

Established

Established in 1993 at the initiative of environmental organizations.

Founded in 1999 in Europe, as an endorsement mechanism for independent, national certification systems.

Basic Principle

FSC is a system of national and regional standards consistent with ten principles of SFM that cover the following issues:

1. Compliance with laws and FSC principles

2. Tenure and use rights and responsibilities

3. Indigenous peoples' rights

4. Community relations and workers' rights

5. Benefits from the forests

6. Environmental impact

7. Management plans

8. Monitoring and assessment

9. Special sites - high conservation value forests (HCVF)

10. Plantations

These principles were developed by a global partnership of stakeholders convened by FSC. The principles apply to all tropical, temperate and boreal forests and are to be considered as a whole. All national and regional standards are derived in-country from the ten principles. The principles are expected to be used in conjunction with national and international laws and regulations, and in compatibility with international principles and criteria relevant at the national and sub-national level (FSC Policy and Standards; principles and criteria of forest stewardship) (FSC, 1996, amended in 2002).

There is variation in regional standards and in interim standards adopted by auditing bodies.

PEFC is a mutual recognition mechanism for national and regional certification systems. PEFC's environmental, social and economic requirements for SFM build on international guidelines, criteria and indicators for SFM derived from intergovernmental processes such as the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (MCPFE), and the African Timber Organization (ATO) and International Tropical Timber Organization's (ITTO) processes for tropical forests among others. PEFC's SFM standards cover the following aspects:

1. Maintenance and appropriate enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle

2. Maintenance and enhancement of forest ecosystem health and vitality

3. Maintenance and encouragement of productive functions of forests (wood and no-wood)

4. Maintenance, conservation and appropriate enhancement of biological diversity in forest ecosystems

5. Maintenance and appropriate enhancement of protective functions in forest management (notably soil and water)

6. Maintenance of socioeconomic functions and conditions

7. Compliance with legal requirements

Endorsed certification systems are assessed to be consistent with international agreements such as ILO core conventions, as well as conventions relevant to forest management and ratified by the countries, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), CITES and others.

All national PEFC standards are independently assessed to ensure that they meet PEFC International's Sustainability Benchmarks. There is some variation with standards exceeding these requirements (PEFC, 2010).

Components, members, extent

All component standards carry the FSC brand. National initiatives for forest management certification exist in Argentina, Austria, Australia, Belarus, Belize, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ethiopia, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Congo, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uruguay, United States, Venezuela, Vietnam, and Zambia . There are also FSC chain of custody certificates in a number of additional countries. 165 million ha have been certified under FSC (as of October 2010).
(FSC website, October 2012).

PEFC endorses certification systems once they have successfully gone through the external assessment process using independent evaluators. Endorsed SFM standards can carry their own brand names. Endorsed standards include the following: Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil (Cerflor), Canda (CSA, SFI), Chile (Certfor), Czech Republic, Denmar, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malaysia (MTCS), Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States (SFI, American Tree Farm System). There are also PEFC chain of custody certifications and PEFC stakeholder members in a number of additional countries. 254 million ha have been certified under PEFC (as of October 2012) (PEFC website).

Stakeholder scope

FSC is a multi-stakeholder owned system. All FSC standards and policies are set by a consultative process. Economic, social, and environmental interests have equal weight in the standard settint process. FSC follows the ISEAL Code of Good Practice for Setting Social and Environmental Standards. (FSC website).

Multi-stakeholder participation is required in the governance of national schemes as well as in the standard-setting process Standards and normative documents are reviewed periodically at intervals that do not exceed five years. The PEFC Standar Setting standard is based on ISO/IEC Code for good practice for standardization (Guide 59) and the ISEAL Code of Good Practice for Setting Social and Environmental Standards (PEFC 2010A).

Chain-of custody (CoC)

The CoC standard is evaluated by a third-party body that is accredited by FSC and compliant with international standards.

CoC standard includes procedures for tracking wood origin.

CoC standard includes specifications for the physical separation of certified and non-certified wood, and for the percentage of mixed content (certified and non-certified) of products.

CoC certificates state the geographical location of the producer and the standards against which the process was evaluated. Certificates also state the starting and finishing point of the CoC.

(FSC policy on percentage-based claims, and various FSC guidelines for certification bodies)

Quality or environmental management systems (ISO 9001:2008 or ISO 14001:2004 respectively) may be used to implement the minimum requirements for chain of custody management systems required by PEFC.

Only accredited certification bodies can undertake certification.

CoC requirements include specifications for physical separation of wood and percentage-based methods for products with mixed content.

The CoC standard includes specifications for tracking and collecting and maintaining documentation about the origin of the materials.

The CoC standard includes specifications for the physical separation of certified and non-certified wood.

The CoC standard includes specifications about procedures for dealing with complains related to participant's chain of custody.

CoC certificates state the geographical location of the certificate holder; the standard against which the certificate was issued, and identify the scope, product(s) or product(s) group(s) covered (PEFC, 2010B).

Inclusion of wood from noncertified sources

FSC's Controlled Wood Standard establishes requirements to participants to establish supply-chain control systems, and documentation to avoid sourcing materials from controversial sources, including:

1. Illegally harvested wood, including wood that is harvested without legal authorization, from protected areas, without payment of appropriate taxes and fees, using fraudulent papers and mechanisms, in violation of CITES requirements, and others.

2. Wood harvested in violation of traditional and civil rights

3. Wood harvested in forests where high conservation values are threatened by management activities

4. Wood harvested in forests being converted from forests and other wooded ecosystems to plantations or nonforest uses

5. Wood from management units in which genetically modified trees are planted (FSC, 2006)

The PEFC's Due Dilligence system requires participants to establish systems to minimize the risk of sourcing raw materials from:

(PEFC, 2010B).

1. forest management activities that do not comply with local, national or international laws related to:

operations and harvesting, including land use conversion,

management of areas with designated high environmental and cultural values,

protected and endangered species, including CITES species,

health and labor issues,

indigenous peoples' property, tenure and use rights,

payment of royalties and taxes.

2. genetically modified organisms,

3. forest conversion, including conversion of primary forests to forest plantations.

Verification

Requires third-party verification.

Requires third-party verification.

Industry associations have taken steps to encourage their members to exclude unsustainable and illegal wood from their supply chains through members' codes of conduct, industry statements, or associations' purchasing policies. Trade association policies and guidelines are, however, often voluntary.

In producing countries

Trade Association

Legality commitments

Cameroon - Groupement Filière Bois du Cameroun (GFBC) - Represents 18 organizations that are wood producers and exporters.

Through a code of conduct, members commit to respect the relevant legislation in Cameroon, including laws related to forest management, environmental laws, payment of taxes and social/labor legislation. GFBC works with other groups to build its members' capacity in areas of forest management, forest certification and legality.

In buying and producing countries

Compiled from: Hentschel, 2009; TTAP, 2010; FEDEMADERAS, 2012; WWF-Colombia et al, 2009; QWEB 2012; UK TTF, 2012; UK TTF, 2011.

In May 22, 2008, the U.S. Congress amended the 100 year-old Lacey Act on the prohibition of transporting and trading illegally gathered wildlife or wildlife products to include plants and plant-products. On October 20, 2010, the European Parliament approved the European Union Timber Regulation, requiring those who place timber and timber products in the market place to curb illegally harvested timber and timber products. In 2012 the
Australian Parliament approved the Illegal Logging Prohibition, banning the import or processing of wood logged in violation of the laws in the country of origin. The table below compares the three trade regulations.

Definition of legality

Unlawful to trade, receive, or acquire plants taken, harvested, possessed, transported, sold or exported in violation of underlying laws in a foreign country or in the U.S. The scope of laws is limited to plant protection laws, or laws to regulate: plant theft; taking plants from officially protected areas; taking plants from an officially designated area; taking plants without, or contrary to, required authorizations; failure to pay appropriate taxes or fees associated with the plant's harvest, transport, or trade; laws governing export or transshipment.

Timber logged illegally under the laws of the country of origin.

Relevant legislation includes: legal rights to harvest; taxes and fees related to harvesting; compliance with timber harvesting laws, including forest management and biodiversity conservation laws; respect for third parties' legal rights and tenure; compliance with relevant trade and customs laws.

Timber logged in violation of the laws of the country of origin. Relevant legislation includes: legal rights to harvest; taxes and fees related to harvesting; compliance with timber harvesting laws, including
forest management and biodiversity conservation laws; respect for third parties' legal rights and tenure; compliance with relevant trade and customs laws.

Requirements and applicability

Product scope

Compliance

Penalties

Implementation

* Some of the products covered include: fuel wood, wood in the rough, sawn wood, veneers, particleboard, fiberboard, plywood, frames, flooring, boxes, crates, caskets, barrels, pulp and paper, furniture, prefabricated buildings and others. The Regulation does not cover timber products or components of timber or timber products that have completed their lifecycle and would otherwise be disposed of as waste. It also excludes material used exclusively as packaging to support, protect or carry another product being placed on the market.
^ Risk assessment can be conducted through a) Timber Legality Framework where the imported product is certified under Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) standards; b) a Country Specific Guideline (CSG) where one is available, or c) against certain regulated risk factors.
Sources: EC Timber Regulation website; EIA, 2009; European Forest Institute, 2012; Official Journal of the European Union, 2010; U.S. Department of Justice, 2010.

The Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Action Plan is the European Union (EU) response to concerns about illegal logging and deforestation. FLEGT started in 2001, with a ministerial conference in Indonesia; the Action Plan was completed in 2003.

The FLEGT Action Plan recognizes that consumer countries contribute to the illegal logging problem through the demand for timber and wood-based products. The Plan encompasses seven measures:

1. Development cooperation with producing countries- through actions that promote and implement solutions that are equitable and enhance transparency, and that build capacity and support policy reform.

2. Promote trade in legal timber - through the development and implementation of multilateral collaboration frameworks (VPAs) that include the establishment of legality assurance licensing systems.

3. Promote public procurement policies - that take into account the legality of timber products.

4. Support private sector initiatives - to address illegal logging, including through corporate social responsibility practices, voluntary codes of conduct and development and implementation of voluntary licensing schemes.

5. Support and promote safeguards on investments - to encourage banks and financial institutions investing in the forest sector to develop due care and screening procedures to avoid projects that could potentially encourage illegal logging.

6. Use existing or upcoming legal instruments - to support the Plan, for example, the EU Illegal Timber Regulation

7. Work to define and address conflict timber.

Overall, the Action Plan seeks to develop markets for legal products in Europe, and establish bilateral partnerships (Voluntary Partnership Agreements, or VPAs) with producing countries to build their capacity and support reforms in the governance of their forest sectors to reduce the production of illegally harvested timber. The VPAs also seek to establish and implement tracking and licensing systems, called Legality Assurance Systems, to ensure that only legally produced products enter the European Union. Establishing a Voluntary Partnership Agreement involves four phases:

1. Information and pre-negotiation phase - the EU and the producer country exchange information and materials. The producer country government assesses, in consultation with stakeholders, the appropriateness of a VPA for the country.

2. Negotiations - The EU and the producer country reach agreement on the contents of the VPA, including the details of the Legality Assurance System (LAS), and other forest governance commitments. Stakeholder consultation is critical in this phase.

3. Ratification of the agreement Both parties work to ratify the agreement. Usually the legality assurance and licensing system are developed during this phase.

4. Implementation - The producer country establishes procedures that culminate with all timber products destined for the European Union shipped from the producer country with FLEGT-licenses. The license states that the shipment is legal according to the terms of the VPA.

The Voluntary Partnership Agreements focus on the forest sector and their core concern is establishing a shared understanding of what legal timber is and a system for legal enforcement. VPAs can contribute to improved governance of forests, and can support REDD+ processes at national level. Nevertheless, VPAs are not meant to resolve other issues that are fundamental to the supply of illegal timber such as land use conflicts or accountability (Falconer, 2011).

As of October 2012, thirteen countries have agreed or enter negotiations on a Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA).

Cameroon

Phase: VPA ratified; system being developed

Definition of Legality:

Legality definition covers the following aspects: fiscal and administrative requirements; harvesting, forest management and processing operations; transportation; social and environmental requirements.

Legality Assurance System (LAS) Applicability:

LAS applies to all timber and timber products produced, acquired and/or traded in Cameroon, including imported timber.

Implementation:

Companies holding SFM or legality verification certificates from voluntary schemes may receive a "legality certificate" valid for one year without further verification. Private certification schemes will undergo an evaluation by the Cameroonian government to ensure their standards and verification mechanisms satisfy the requirements of the LAS.

Central African Republic

Phase: VPA signed; system being developed

Definition of Legality:

Legality definition covers the following aspects: legality of the operation; right of access to the resource; social and environmental requirements as well as rights of indigenous and local communities; logging and processing requirements; transportation and traceability; compliance with contractual obligations and relationships with subcontractors for activities other than logging.

Legality Assurance System (LAS) Applicability:

LAS applies to all timber and timber products derived from industrial forest operations (concessions, plantations); artisanal and communityproduced products might be covered in the future. A simplified LAS approach for plantations will be developed during the full implementation phase.

Implementation:

An independent auditor will periodically inspect the LAS implementation. Independent audits will occur four times per year in the first year, twice during the second and third years, and once a year from the fourth year onwards. For timber from operations that hold forest management and legality verification certificates, a process will be developed to ensure these voluntary systems meet the requirements of the LAS.

Ghana

Phase: VPA ratified; system being developed

Definition of Legality:

Legality definition covers: timber source (land ownership); allocation of timber rights; timber harvesting operations; transportation; processing and trade; and, fiscal obligations. The definition includes compliance with environmental and social requirements.

Legality Assurance System (LAS) Applicability:

LAS applies to all timber and timber products produced, processed, traded and exported from Ghana. lAS system also applies to all products, including those that are not traded in European markets and timber sold on the domestic market. Central to the LAS system is a wood tracking system to monitor and control timber throughout the supply chain.

Implementation:

FLEGT Licensing system under development and is expected to issue licenses in 2013.

Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)

Phase: VPA ratified; system being developed

Definition of Legality:

The definition of legality is applicable to both natural forests and plantations. There are two coherent definitions that are based on the forest types and forest ownership regimes; these definitions cover all types of timber and timber products. Key aspects covered by the definition of legality are: legal right to operate; access rights; social requirements, including participation of local communities and indigenous peoples; forest management, harvesting and processing of timber; transport and trade; fiscal obligations.

Legality Assurance System (LAS) Applicability:

LAS applies to all timber and timber-based products that are produced, processed, and traded (including imports, exports, and timber in transit) in the Republic of Congo. Timber and timber products that are not sold in European markets, and those that are sold on the domestic market, are also subject to the LAS.

Implementation:

FLEGT Licensing system is under development and is expected to be operational by mid 2013.

Indonesia

Phase: VPA agreed

Definition of Legality:

The definition of legality is framed around principles addressing wood harvesting and processing, and by type of forests. The definition covers the following: legal status, area, and right to use the forests; ownership of the timber; compliance with legal harvesting requirements; compliance with environmental and social aspects related to harvest; compliance with laws that regulate forest conversion; and compliance with supply chain management requirements.

Legality Assurance System (LAS) Applicability:

LAS applies to all commercial timber and timber products produced, processed and purchased in Indonesia, including exports. System might apply in the future to timber destined for the domestic market.

Implementation:

LAS under the VPA builds on the Indonesian Timber Legality assurance System (Indonesian TLAS) established in 2010. FLEGT licensing under the VPA is expected to begin in January 2013.

Liberia

Phase: VPA signed

Definition of Legality:

The definition of legality covers all aspects of timber production throughout the supply chain (forest management, timber production, processing and export). It covers aspects such as legal eligibility to operate in the forest sector; forest resource rights allocation; social obligations of contractors to local people; forest management standards for operations and harvesting to ensure sustainability; environmental obligations; regulation of timber transport and traceability obligations; timber processing requirements; workers' rights, health, safety and welfare; payment of taxes, fees and other payments; export and trade requirements; transparency measures and information disclosure.

Legality Assurance System (LAS) Applicability:

LAS will apply to all timber harvested, processed, sold in or exported from Liberia. This includes timber imported from other countries. LAS will also cover production from all types of forest holdings and by all types of operators.

Implementation:

The initial steps to implement the LAS will be outsourced and overseen by the Liberia Forestry Development Authority. The VPA also established an independent auditor to ensure proper function and oversight of the LAS by an independent third party. FLEGT licensing under the VPA is expected to begin in 2014.

Countries in the negotiation phase: Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Guyana, Honduras, Ivory Coast Malaysia, Vietnam.

Countries in information/pre-negotiation phase: Bolivia, Cambodia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Laos, Myanmar/Burma, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Sierra Leone, the Solomon Islands and Thailand.

In the context of global climate change, the FLEGT initiative and process and the development and implementation of VPAs can be seen as efforts to improve governance in the forest sector which, in turn, can be used to help countries meet national objectives related to the Reduction in Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) (see Section on Climate Change).

Sources: EC, Ministry of Forests and Wildlife of Cameroon, 2010; EC, Central African Republic Government, 2010; EFI EU FLEGT facility website; EC, Ghana Forestry Commission, 2009; EC, Republic of Congo, 2010; EC, Republic of Indonesia, 2011; EC, Republic of Liberia, 2011; EC, 2003; Falconer, 2011.

The increasing demand for wood and paper-based products will likely be met, at least in part, through the establishment of new forest plantations. The area of forest plantations worldwide has been increasing to reach 140 million ha in 2005. Slightly less than half of the world's plantations are in Asia while exceptionally fast increases were experienced in North America, Central America, Oceania and South America between 1990 and 2000 (FAO, 2006). This trend is expected to continue, especially in developing countries. Forest plantations currently make up 5% of world's forest cover, but account for 35% of total global industrial wood production. There are advantages and disadvantages that need to be considered when sourcing from forest plantations.

Planted forests (plantations) may not provide the same ecosystem services natural forests provide, but they can play a positive role in other regards:

By producing wood more efficiently, they may allow other natural forests to be managed for other forest values.

When established on previously degraded sites they may recover some ecosystem functions and services. Increased recovery of degraded lands will play an important role in meeting future demand for wood and paper-based products and services including carbon sequestration and/or crops for fuels.

However, when forest plantations reduce the production costs for timber, products from natural forests may be at a disadvantage. If natural forests become less economically viable, it could cause owners to convert their lands to other more financially attractive land uses.

Advantages and disadvantages of plantations

Advantages

Disadvantages

Focusing wood production in fast-growing forest plantations can allow other native/natural forests to be managed for other uses such as biodiversity, non-wood forest products, and aesthetics.

Some forest plantations are established using non-native species.
These plantations may not provide suitable habitat for local wildlife. Trees replacing grazing land may also adversely affect groundwater levels. If allowed to escape off-site, some non-native species may out-compete local tree species for available resources, and become a "weed" or invasive species.

Clearance of natural forests to establish plantations.

The two principal concerns about forest plantations are:

1. They may replace natural forest areas or areas in the forest landscape with unique qualities.

2. They may not be established in compliance with local laws regarding land occupation, and with authorization of local and indigenous peoples.

Sources: Boyer, 2006; FAO, 2007B; Nair, 2001.

Pollutants of interest include:

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): include a variety of organic chemicals including paints, lacquers, glues and adhesives, by-products of the processing wood, and others. VOCs are precursors of ground-level ozone.

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): NOx are also precursors of ground level ozone.

Formaldehyde: in the atmosphere formaldehyde is rapidly broken down in atmospheric ions; formaldehyde is a component of acid rain.

Methanol: methanol reacts in the air to produce formaldehyde and other chemicals that are washed out by rain. Methanol is the most common VOC found in the production of wood and paper-based products.

Sulfur Compounds: in the atmosphere sulfuric acid contributes to acid rain, and it can be transported large distances from the point of release.

Volume and Quality of the waste water including:

Biochemical or Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the water discharge; BOD is the amount of oxygen that micro-organisms consume to degrade the organic material in the water. High levels of BOD can result in the reduction of dissolved oxygen in the water. This may adversely affect aquatic organisms. BOD is usually measured in kilograms per metric ton of pulp.

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the water discharge; COD is the amount of oxidizable organic matter and it can be used as an indicator of the quantity of organic matter in the water. COD is measured in kilograms per metric ton of pulp.

Total Suspended Solids (TSS); measured in kilograms per metric ton.

Absorbable Organic Halogens (AOX), including chlorine; there has been heavy pressure to stop using elemental chlorine in the bleaching processes because chlorine compounds can react with organics and generate chlorinated compounds (dioxins). Dioxins are persistent substances that have been considered a probable human carcinogen. AOX can be used as an indirect indicator of the quantity of chlorinated organic compound in the effluent. Reductions in the amounts of AOX can be used as indicator of continued technological improvement. However, AOX from ECF-bleached pulp do not contain highly chlorinated compounds.

Sources: Conservatree, 2017; Mondi, 2017.

Recovery: The collection, separation, and sorting of paper from industrial, commercial, institutional, and household sources so that the fibers can be reused.

Recycling: The use of recovered fiber in paper and paperboard products.

Recovered paper: Paper collected for reuse from any source.

Pre-consumer material: Fibers from industrial by-products or waste (i.e. waste paper from newspaper or catalogue production).

Post-consumer material: Fibers from paper products recovered after consumer use (i.e. newspapers, magazines recovered from consumers after use).

Recycled fiber: Fibers that have been recovered from pre- or post-consumer paper or paper-board products, sorted, re-pulped, and are available for use in paper products with recycled content.

Fresh Fiber (also known as virgin fiber): Fibers extracted from wood, extracted through mechanical or chemical pulping processes.

Recycled content: The amount of recycled fibre used in a product (from pre- or post-consumer content, or from both).

Source: Adapted from WBCSD 2014

Community forest management involves efforts to include the people who live in and around forests in decisions about the forest's management. It devolves the decision-making power to the community and the members of the community benefit directly from the forest management. In principle, community forest management can create a source of stable income by providing incentives for local communities to keep their land forested, thus conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services and contributing to poverty reduction and economic development (Bowler et al., 2010). In some cases, community forest management involves collaborations with civil-society organizations, government, and donor agencies.

The number of community-based and smallholder enterprises is growing rapidly. These enterprises are important revenue generators, especially in countries where tenure and rights are formally recognized by the government. Small- and medium-sized community forest enterprises are a significant majority of the forest industry in some countries, including Brazil (96%), India (95%) and Mexico (80%) (Vidal, 2005; Molnar et al., 2007). Companies looking for a sustainable source of timber might establish business agreements with community forest enterprises directly or through an intermediary (often an NGO). In these cases, communities gain stable employment and income, improved infrastructure, and increased commercial value of their forest products.

The main challenges to community forest management include some smallholders' lack of capacity and resources to operate a forest-harvesting operation or to manage a business, and the difficulty of keeping costs and prices low enough to compete in the timber market. These small operations may compete with illegally harvested wood in the marketplace and encounter poor governance, including corruption, in the forest sector. In some cases, NGO initiatives help communities improve technical, management, and marketing capacity, facilitate relationships with buyers, and gain access to markets (Fortin et al., 2010; Kirlin, 2011).

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The two major systems for forest certification are the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). This table is not meant to be an exhaustive comparison. A list of references to more detailed comparisons can be found "Additional Resources".

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PAPERBACK STARTED SELLING RECYCLED PAPER
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USE OF RECYCLED PAPER AND THIS IS STILL OUR
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Paper Back | Promoting Greater Use Of Recycled Paper

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PAPERBACK STARTED SELLING RECYCLED PAPER AND BOARDS IN 1983. OUR AIM WAS TO HELP THE RECYCLING LOOP BY PROMOTING GREATER USE OF RECYCLED PAPER AND THIS IS STILL OUR OBJECTIVE. WE REMAIN THE ONLY UK PAPER MERCHANT SPECIALISING IN RECYCLED PAPERS.

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A multi-stakeholder group dedicated to pushing for environmental best practice throughout the leather supply chain.

The LWG Audit Protocols assess and certify leather manufacturers and traders within the supply chain.

View the LWG Audit Protocols

Become a Member

Our members include tanners, traders, brands, retailers, suppliers, associations, and other industry stakeholders.

Certified Leather Manufacturers

All LWG-certified leather manufacturers have successfully completed the LWG Environmental Audit.

© Copyright Leather Working Group 2021

Site by Verto

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A multi-stakeholder group dedicated to pushing for environmental best practice throughout the leather supply chain. The LWG Audit Protocols assess and certify leather manufacturers and traders within the supply chain. View the LWG Audit Protocols Our members include tanners, traders, brands, retailers, suppliers, associations, and other industry stakeholders.

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The mission of the Book Industry Environmental Council (BIEC)
is to identify, foster, and communicate best practices
to reduce the environmental footprint and increase the
sustainability of books (printed and/or electronic).

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The mission of the Book Industry Environmental Council (BIEC) is to identify, foster, and communicate best practices to reduce the environmental footprint and increase the sustainability of books (printed and/or electronic).

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Greenish is an Egyptian foundation that aims to achieve sustainable development. Peter Gerhardt from EPN reached out to Mohamed Kamal, Co-Managing Director at Greenish. Why did you become an environmentalist? We have a massive issue with waste in Egypt. I spent part...

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Environmental Paper Network | Transforming the pulp and paper industry

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Greenish is an Egyptian foundation that aims to achieve sustainable development. Peter Gerhardt from EPN reached out to Mohamed Kamal, Co-Managing Director at Greenish. Why did you become an environmentalist? We have a massive issue with waste in Egypt. I spent part...

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Gmund Bier Paper - with genuine brewer's spent grain. Earthy, lively and authentic. For nature lovers.

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We aim to provide our customers with an open, honest and fair pricing system. Our standard pricing model is as follows:
Cancellation fee (< 30 mins)
£5 for use of thermal boxes (any number)
+25% for any job that fits enirely betwen 11:15 - 13:00; or is on a weekend or bank holiday day.

There are also booking notice and time windows applied - the more notice, and the wider the pickup window you can give us, the lower price as it allows us to organise jobs more efficiently. At the most extreme, our charges are 125% to come straight away on cargo jobs; or 82% for the biggest possible window of flexibility booked for tomorrow.

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We aim to provide our customers with an open, honest and fair pricing system. Our standard pricing model is as follows: Cancellation fee (< 30 mins) £5 for use of thermal boxes (any number) +25% for any job that fits enirely betwen 11:15 - 13:00; or is on a weekend or bank holiday day.

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Please select your local office:

Green Man & Van is an environmentally aware, socially responsible removal & logistics company based in London & Brighton. Our aim is to offer friendly and reliable services that have minimal impact on the environment.

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Green Man & Van is an environmentally aware, socially responsible removal & logistics company based in London, Brighton & Edinburgh. Our aim is to offer friendly and reliable services that have minimal impact on the environment.

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Our friends at Risolve-a family-operated printing studio-join us today to shed light on the art of Risograph printing. Learn where it came from, what makes it unique, and how to start your very first Riso project.
Risographs took hold of the international art and design community almost four decades ago. Due to its affordability and small footprint, Riso became an easy way for artists and designers to produce their own work and publish work for others.

Many Riso studios, including Risolve, began in a living room or apartment. One of the first studios to spearhead the Riso movement was Knust Press, based out of the Netherlands. They began printing with digital duplicators in the mid-1980s offering a means for inexpensive publishing of prints, artist books, and zines. Since then, hundreds of studios across the world have popped up. In the US, Riso has seen a huge surge of popularity in recent years.

The Riso Machine and Print Process

Riso brand digital duplicators were invented by the Riso Kagaku Corporation in the mid-1980s in Tokyo, Japan. A digital duplicator is essentially a modern-day mimeograph machine or stencil printer. The Riso internally creates a stencil that is laid onto a drum filled with ink which then spins at high speed, forcing the ink through the stencil onto the paper. This process creates a unique textured print that cannot be replicated.

Unlike digital printing, there's no option to print in standard ink colors like CMYK. This means the creative possibilities with color are endless.

Riso printing is exclusively spot color based. Unlike digital printing, there is no option to print in standard ink colors like CMYK. This means the creative possibilities with color are endless. At Risolve Studio, we print with over 30 different spot colors and with fluorescents ranging from green to pink. Similar to screen printing, a four-color art print will require 4 individual inks and 4 unique ink stencils (masters) created for each color to create the final print product. Compared to other spot color based print methods like screen printing or offset printing, Riso is generally very affordable for small runs of 100 up to 10,000.

Environmentally Friendly

All of Riso's inks are vegetable oil-based. Riso ink dries through absorption into uncoated paper stock rather than through heavy chemical dryers or heat. Because of this, power consumption remains very low throughout the printing process.

Each ink resides in its own portable drum that is moved into and out of the machine as needed. This eliminates ink waste and the need for toxic chemicals or washing stations between production runs. The Riso drum is simply removed from the machine, the stencil is discarded, and the drum is stored until the next use. Combine the above with the use of FSC certified and high post-consumer waste recycled papers, Riso is an environmentally conscious and sustainable print process.

The Quirks

Riso printing can be an inaccurate and unpredictable print process. The machines were designed to make office copies and not for high precision printing. Imperfect registration, smudging, and uneven coverage are a few of the many quirks that come with this print process.

If you are open to embracing imperfection and experimental results, Riso will be a perfect fit.

Riso ink is also not archival. The colors are limited to Riso ink spot colors and every print studio has its own unique set. If you or your client seek perfection, another print method is recommended. If you are open to embracing imperfection and experimental results, Riso will be a perfect fit.

Designing for Riso

As many designers know, designing for print is completely different than designing for the web. Designing for Riso is still even more different. The following tips will ensure your project will get off to a great start:

1. Find inspiration

Look at projects, portfolios, and examples online for inspiration. Buy or borrow something that has been Riso printed so you can see the printing in person. Many Riso studios, including ours, offer online portfolios and printing information. Additionally, swatch books, sample packs and other print samples are available. Riso ink colors are difficult to display on a computer monitor, seeing them in person can be a game changer for you and your project.

2. Limit your color palette

We recommend choosing 1 to 4 ink colors per project. Many colors can be created through overprinting. For example, blue and yellow ink make green and fluorescent pink and aqua ink make a bright purple.

3. Design with layers in mind

Each ink color used is printed layer by layer like in screen printing. Your files will need to be created with this in mind. We have a video tutorial on our website to walk you through the steps of color separation. For designers that have never had to think about print this way, it can be a bit daunting but once you learn how to color separate your work it becomes incredibly easy and you learn so much more about how to control the outcome of your Riso print.

4. Ask your printer

Finally, if you're unsure if your project will look good Riso printed, ask your printer! We have seen a ton of different projects come through our studio and we know what works and what may need to be tweaked or changed to make it work. We can offer advice and help your project come to life in a way you may not have even considered.

Print isn't dead!

Artists, illustrators, graphic novelists, designers, and other creatives choose Riso printing for their books, zines, art prints, posters, flyers, business cards, tags, menus, postcards, greeting cards, calendars, LP record inserts, boxed card sets and more. Riso printing is a fantastically unique and beautiful print process that everyone should try at least once.

For more information on Riso printing, Risolve Studio, and the author be sure to check out RisolveStudio.com.

About the author: Lyndsey Burke is a graphic designer, printer, and co-owner of the risograph print studio Risolve. Based out of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Risolve Studio celebrates the beauty and environmental sustainability of Riso, bringing the works of artists, illustrators, and designers to life with this unique and vibrant print method.
Find more Process stories on our blog Courtside. Have a suggestion? Contactstories@dribbble.com.

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An introduction to Risograph Printing (& how to start your first project)

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Our friends at Risolve-a family-operated printing studio-join us today to shed light on the art of Risograph printing. Learn where it came from, what makes it unique, and how to start your very first Riso project. Risographs took hold of the international art and design community almost four decades ago.

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RISO issued our first "Environmental report 2004" of Japanese version in August 2004. Since then, we have issued annual reports to introduce our principle to the environment protection, as well as our social contributions. The title of the Environmental report was changed to "Sustainability Repot" since 2006.

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"how to make paper" "hand paper making" papermaking "homemade paper" "arnold grummer" "recyled paper" "recycle craft" "hands on recycling"

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Recycle! Make your own paper at home! Internationally recognized* paper educator Arnold Grummer demonstrates how fun and easy hand papermaking can be. Other videos show how to use creative techniques to make your paper into works of art.

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Oxo-degradable bubble wrap is a more environmentally friendly form of cushion packaging, and is 100% recyclable.

This bubble wrap is treated with raw materials which do not contain heavy metals.

When the bubble film is exposed to the combined effects of sunlight, stress, microbes and heat the end result is a product which is digested harmlessly by micro organisms and turned into the basic elements of carbon dioxide, water and biomass.

The high quality bubble film maximises air retention, providing long term cushion protection against shock and vibration.

Our standard stock product is small bubble which has a bubble diameter of 10mm and 4mm in height. Large bubble and other roll heights are available upon request.

Please contact our sales team should you have any bespoke requirements on 0845 8800 355.

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Oxodegradable Bubble Wrap | Green Bubble Wrap | ukpackaging.com

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Oxo-degradable bubble wrap is a more environmentally friendly form of cushion packaging, and is 100% recyclable. This bubble wrap is treated with raw materials which do not contain heavy metals.

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About the product

Fenner Paper launches PaperWise to coincide with COP26

Fenner Paper has launched PaperWise - a new range of paper and board manufactured from agricultural waste, which is the stems and leaves left over the harvest and which is often burnt. The natural shade, manufactured from 100% agri-waste is also completely unbleached and has lower CO2 emissions than virgin fibre or recycled papers. The paper and boards are suitable for all print work and packaging, with a one side coated packaging board up to 465microns.

Lifecycle analysis conducted by the University of Amsterdam (IVAM) has concluded that the environmental impact is 47% lower than FSC-paper made from trees and 29% lower than recycled paper.

At the online launch, Justin Hobson, Marketing Manager at Fenner Paper, said "PaperWise users give a second life to agricultural waste. In doing so they lower their ecological footprint, add value to waste, and prevent wastage"

There are additional benefits: PaperWise is produced in factories in India and South America that make a big difference to local communities. Investments are made in education, infrastructure, and healthcare while the manufacturing process is geared toward safety, zero waste, and preserving local ecology.

The PaperWise range is held in stock by Fenner Paper in Tonbridge. European stocks are held in Rotterdam and include a wide range of packaging boards and lightweight papers with food approval, copier paper and even corrugated boards.

Applications

PaperWise is suitable for all major and demanding print projects, including;

Catalogues, Calendars, Covers, Greeting Cards and Invitations, Letterheads, Menus, Tags, Editions, Endpapers, Packaging and Annual reports.

Ecological characteristics

100% Agricultrural waste

Chlorine free

100% Green energy

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Paper manufactured from 100% agri-waste, PaperWise is also completely unbleached and has lower CO2 emissions than virgin fibre or recycled papers. The paper and boards are suitable for all print work and packaging, with a one side coated packaging board up to 465microns.

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Modern Species | sustainable impact-driven CPG brand design agency

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Though there are many more sophisticated ways to reduce the impact of your printed piece, here's a quick list of big-bang-for-your-buck solutions for those quick projects.

1. Does it really need to be printed? If there's a way around hitting the print button, use it. If it does need printing, try to eliminate information that will date the printed piece (think special offers that expire, prices that are subject to change, etc). By doing this you can print a higher quantity now, saving you a lot of money per piece, and you won't have to reprint it as often. If it doesn't NEED to be printed try a downloadable PDF, an e-mail campaign, or why not put the information on your website? This costs electricity sure, but it saves paper, water, ink, metal, and the power used to run the printing press.

2. Ask your designer to specify tree-free fibers if possible (cotton, hemp, agrifiber, etc are all more renewable than trees), or switch to a minimum of 30% Post-Consumer recycled if you do need to use wood-based paper. Post-Consumer is paper that has gone out into the market and made it all the way back into the cycle again. We should reward that brave paper by giving it a new life.

3. What about all those awesome finishing techniques (embossing, spot varnishes, gold foil stamping, etc)? Ask yourself if it's absolutely necessary or just an extra piece of flare. By cutting these processes down to a minimum, you save money, materials, and keep toxic chemicals out of the waste stream. If you feel the urge to splurge, try to at least avoid the processes that add extra chemicals (varnishes, coated paper, etc) or potentially toxic metals (metallic inks, foil stamping, etc). Stick with embossing, engraving, and interesting die-cuts.

4. Ask your designer to optimize the press sheet when determining the size of your package, brochure, or business cards. With proper planning, you can use up every inch of paper that you purchased, avoiding waste, and you might get more total pieces out of it as well. Sometimes this means you'll need to give up your bleeds (printing that runs beyond the trim edge of the paper), but with some creativity, the piece will still look great.

5. Print near the delivery point. Does your printed piece need to travel? Are all your flyers heading to an event three states away? Is your package being shipped to a fulfillment center? Think about the ultimate destination of the piece and try to source your printing, paper, or anything else, as close to that location as possible. This will save you money and the extra footprint of shipping.

Do you have any go-to favorite ways to reduce your impact? Do share.

Though there are many more sophisticated ways to reduce the impact of your printed piece, here's a quick list of big-bang-for-your-buck solutions for those quick projects.

1. Does it really need to be printed? If there's a way around hitting the print button, use it. If it does need printing, try to eliminate information that will date the printed piece (think special offers that expire, prices that are subject to change, etc). By doing this you can print a higher quantity now, saving you a lot of money per piece, and you won't have to reprint it as often. If it doesn't NEED to be printed try a downloadable PDF, an e-mail campaign, or why not put the information on your website? This costs electricity sure, but it saves paper, water, ink, metal, and the power used to run the printing press.

2. Ask your designer to specify tree-free fibers if possible (cotton, hemp, agrifiber, etc are all more renewable than trees), or switch to a minimum of 30% Post-Consumer recycled if you do need to use wood-based paper. Post-Consumer is paper that has gone out into the market and made it all the way back into the cycle again. We should reward that brave paper by giving it a new life.

3. What about all those awesome finishing techniques (embossing, spot varnishes, gold foil stamping, etc)? Ask yourself if it's absolutely necessary or just an extra piece of flare. By cutting these processes down to a minimum, you save money, materials, and keep toxic chemicals out of the waste stream. If you feel the urge to splurge, try to at least avoid the processes that add extra chemicals (varnishes, coated paper, etc) or potentially toxic metals (metallic inks, foil stamping, etc). Stick with embossing, engraving, and interesting die-cuts.

4. Ask your designer to optimize the press sheet when determining the size of your package, brochure, or business cards. With proper planning, you can use up every inch of paper that you purchased, avoiding waste, and you might get more total pieces out of it as well. Sometimes this means you'll need to give up your bleeds (printing that runs beyond the trim edge of the paper), but with some creativity, the piece will still look great.

5. Print near the delivery point. Does your printed piece need to travel? Are all your flyers heading to an event three states away? Is your package being shipped to a fulfillment center? Think about the ultimate destination of the piece and try to source your printing, paper, or anything else, as close to that location as possible. This will save you money and the extra footprint of shipping.

Do you have any go-to favorite ways to reduce your impact? Do share.

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5 Easy Eco-Friendly Printing Tricks - Modern Species | sustainable impact-driven CPG brand design agency

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Though there are many more sophisticated ways to reduce the impact of your printed piece, here's a quick list of big-bang-for-your-buck solutions for those quick projects. Does it really need to be printed? If there's a way around hitting the print button, use it.

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Many of our member organisations are campaigning against wasteful paper use, from unwanted catalogues to receipts to packaging. One common focus is the icon of the throwaway society - paper cups. We recently launched our 'Cupifesto' - a manifesto for a world without throwaway cups - on an international day of action involving our members in Australia, China, Germany, Finland, France, UK and the USA. Read more....

Between 2007 and 2013 we ran a project in the UK called 'Shrink Paper', which focused on some of the biggest paper consumers in society, including magazine publishers, catalogue retailers, supermarkets, banks and finance companies, universities and government departments. The project challenged them to set targets to cut their paper use by half, and we produced a scorecard of how they performed. We also held seminars and webinars to promote paper efficiency.

Why do we need to save paper?

Since the 1960s, world consumption of paper has quadrupled and use of printing paper has increased six-fold. Just 10% of the world's population (western Europe and north America) consumes more than 50% of the world's paper. Europeans and Americans use 6 times as much paper as the world average. (Read more shocking paper facts here...)

Our paper consumption is the major driver of the forestry industry: almost half of the trees cut commercially around the world end up in paper products. Yet much of this paper use is wasteful and unnecessary and some of it is linked to human rights abuses, forest destruction, pollution and climate change emissions.

Paper use has increased most in the computer age despite technological advances like electronic communication, which should offer good alternatives. A staggering 45% of office-printouts end up in the bin by the end of the day they are printed: this isn't just a waste of trees, it's a huge waste of money.

It's also unfair. The average European or American uses more paper in a day than people in poor countries get access to each year. If we want the many benefits of paper - books and education, information sharing and democracy, sanitation and safe food - to be available to everyone in the world without increasing production to unsustainable levels, it is up to people in wealthy societies to reduce wasteful paper use.

We do not advocate the use of alternative materials to paper, unless they are proven to have a smaller ecological footprint, and we encourage all paper users to work towards all the goals in our vision.

What you can do
Saving paper has so many benefits: you save money, you feel good and you tread more lightly on the earth. We encourage you to support the paper saving campaigns by our member organisations. Read more about these here.

Here on our website we draw together information, case studies, advice and inspiration to make it easier for people in all walks of society to cut wasteful paper use. Find links to additional tools and resources for reducing paper consumption in the sidebar of this page.

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Paper Saving and Efficiency | Environmental Paper Network

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Many of our member organisations are campaigning against wasteful paper use, from unwanted catalogues to receipts to packaging. One common focus is the icon of the throwaway society - paper cups. We recently launched our 'Cupifesto' - a manifesto for a world without throwaway cups - on an international day of action involving our members in Australia, China, Germany, Finland, France, UK and the USA.

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Principles for Climate, Social & Racial Justice at UAL

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Principles for Climate, Social & Racial Justice at UAL

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We've been manufacturing biodegradable and starch-based compostable packaging since the 1990's, and we've been promoting recycled packaging since the 1960's. So not only do we know a lot about sustainable packaging but we've also had time to build the UK's largest range of environmentally-friendly packaging products for you to choose from. This extensive and ever-expanding range includes environmentally-friendly kitchen waste and refuse bags, bin liners, carrier bags, mailing bags and standard packing bags developed in our laboratories in conjunction with the Polymer Research Department at the London Metropolitan University.

There are 9 categories within this group:

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Eco Packaging - We've been manufacturing biodegradable and starch-based compostable packaging since the 1990's, and we've been promoting recycled packaging since the 1960's.

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We have 2 versions

The Spot Colour Risograph - click here for more details

The Full Colour Inkjet - click here for more details

Both machines are about as "green" as printing gets - no solvents, no toner, cold process.

Very good value for short and medium runs.

Both machines print on recycled paper and card

Charities and community groups can even come in and use the Spot Colour Risograph for DIY Printing - and that is even more economical.

We are wheelchair accessible.

However, these machines are not suitable for all print jobs. The spot colour machine cannot print large solid areas of ink (the wet paper would just get stuck on the drum) and the full colour machine inkjet cannot reproduce the vibrant colours associated with a colour laser printer. So...

If you need near photographic full colour, or very fine detail that just won't print with the veggie inks or on the inkjet printer, we have digital laser printers that will do the job.

Whilst not as eco-friendly as the Risograph, laser printers create little waste, do not require solvents or wash-downs, and do not produce those nasty smells associated with some colour printing processes.
click here for more details
All our laser printers can be used to print on recycled paper and cards.

(Sorry, but there is no DIY available for this type of printing.)

MARC is now in Salford

We are now settled in our new home in Salford and
have been printing from here since January 2018.

If you are able to pick up your
orders please do.

Otherwise, we are able to arrange bike couriers for
City Centre locations or
Royal Mail for posting to
your address.

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We have 2 versions The Spot Colour Risograph - click here for more details The Full Colour Inkjet - click here for more details Both machines are about as "green" as printing gets - no solvents, no toner, cold process. Very good value for short and medium runs.

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marc is justly proud of its range of recycled paper - it has probably the widest choice in the North West, with loads of types and shades. We have weights from 80 - 200 gsm. More importantly, it is really recycled. We know our paper and where it comes from.

But try to imagine that you decide to do your printing somewhere else (we know its hard), you ask for recycled paper, what do you expect it to be made from?

You may think fondly of those trips to the recycling skips in the Asda car park. You may even hope that a tiny scrap of the junk mail that you carefully separated to fill the boot of your car has made it full circle back into your leaflet. You are likely to be disappointed.

The less romantically inclined amongst you may accept that 'recycled' paper may not be made entirely from millions of copies of old Guardian newspapers. However, one thing is for sure, no trees have died to produce your booklet. Think again.

The phrase 'recycled paper' is as precise as its horticultural counterpart 'organic'. That is, not very. Paper mills know that recycled paper is popular with certain end users. They also know that they can charge more for it. Finally, they have a lot of something called 'mill broke' lying about. This is pulp (dead trees) which has been on their machines, but not turned into proper paper. It is the same as virgin wood pulp and is usually reused to make ordinary paper. But, the key word here is reused. As it has been on the machine once, if you 're-use' it, you can call the end product recycled! So, some 'recycled' papers on the market contain over 50% of virgin wood pulp. This is not recycled paper, it is environmental tokenism and profit mongering.

So, how do we know what is really recycled and what is chicanery? In Britain, the National Association of Paper Merchants (NAPM) came up with a classification system to identify the proportion and source of waste fibre. To get the NAPM stamp of approval, a recycled paper cannot have more than 25% of Category A ('mill broke' and /or virgin wood pulp) in it. So, at least NAPM approved recycled paper is really 75% recycled - isn't it? Well not always.

The next category in the NAPM scheme of things, B, is 'woodfree unprinted waste'. This is made up of trimmings from the machines in the paper mills - the stuff that is left when the paper has been guillotined to size. It has never been used in any real sense. In effect, it's just more dead trees that have made it further along the paper mills production line. The term 'woodfree' is totally misleading in that it does not mean wood-free (the hypthen is important here). It simply means that the 'woody' lignins (the organic substances which form the characteristic part of all woody fibres) have been chemically removed during the pulping process. It is these lignins which cause paper to become yellow and brittle with age - like old newspapers left in the sun.

So, should you despair, stop recycling your waste paper and accept that, in order to produce your newsletter, some trees must die?

Well, no. In the '90s along came a knight in reclaimed metal body protector - Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO). In a snappily entitled publication, 'A Register of Recycled Paper and Paper Products' it came up with a new classification system which both redefined what was really recycled paper, and included a scoring system which favoured papers with post-consumer waste content.

Under this system, paper must have a 10% minimum of post -consumer waste (categories C and D in the NAPM system) to qualify as recycled. Also, 'mill broke' or virgin wood pulp does not score any points. So, we now have a way of identifying just how recycled a 'recycled paper' really is.

You may have noticed that the phrase, 'post-consumer waste crept into the last paragraph. This is the material that most of us would hope that a recycled paper should be made from. It comes in two types; 'woodfree' printed waste, and unsorted printed waste. The later is the stuff of paper banks and local recycling centres - the real McCoy. 'Woodfree' printed waste only includes paper that has had its lignins removed when originally made, and so tends to come from specific sources such as scrapped work direct from printers or discarded computer printouts.

The HMSO scoring system works like this. It uses the NAPM classification of waste content (A = 'mill broke', B = unprinted waste, ie trimmings, C = sorted printed waste, D = unsorted printed waste). It awards one point per percent of category C and D, and half a point per percent of category B, giving a maximum score of 100. Nothing for category A. The higher the score, the greater the environmental benefits.

While it would appear that the ultimate environmentally beneficial paper would be made from 100% D waste, other factors apply. Each time paper is recycled, the fibres get shorter and the paper more brittle, and so some longer fibres from higher up the chain are needed to strengthen it - or the inclusion of something else to strenghten it such as hemp. Also, lignins still present in the waste means that colours will fade and the paper will have a limited shelf life.

At marc we like to know what our paper is made from.

To save trees!

This would seem to be the most obvious reason for using recycled paper. In fact using recycled paper has very little effect, as trees for paper making are grown and harvested just like any other plantation crop. Using recycled paper does, however, reduce the pressure to plant more and more plantations and thus can help in the prevention of the destruction of wildlife habitats. It is also true that many of the plantations used for paper making use large amounts of pesticides and, of course, vast acres of single species trees are in themselves bad for the environment and wildlife.

It saves energy!

Yes, but some people argue against this citing the amount of energy needed to de-ink, sieve and centrifuge the waste - which means that it is actually more energy efficient to use virgin pulp. If this was ever the case, it is not so now. Paper mills have invested heavily in new machinery which make use of the processes involved in reclaiming waste, to reduce the amount of energy needed in the paper making process. For instance the de-inking and cleaning of waste paper heats the pulp which saves energy later on in the process. If you add in all the costs involved in growing, cutting and transporting trees to paper mills the case for saving energy becomes overwhelming - about 50% less energy. Less energy = less fuel = less CO2

Using waste paper as a domestic raw material is also effective in reducing imports of pulp, again saving energy and resources.

Less pollution!

The strongest argument for using recycled paper is that, if paper is not reused, it has to be disposed of. In this country this usually means landfill with all the associated problems (methane gas, destruction of the countryside etc). Incineration is in some ways less damaging and does produce energy as a by-product, but it still causes pollution and is not exactly popular.

Recycled paper production involves the use of fewer chemical processes. For instance, category C waste has already had its lignins removed and so probably the most chemically intensive part of the paper making process is by-passed.

Also, recycled paper is very rarely bleached - and if it is, it uses either oxygen or hydrogen peroxide which are both relatively environmentally friendly. The wider use of recycled paper has also increased the awareness of the problems associated with glossy paper (china clay pits) and made people less obsessed with chemically induced super white papers.

So, to sum up in one sentence: Recycled paper is easily the most 'environmentally friendly' paper on the market, it uses many less chemicals, reduces landfill and uses 50% less energy to produce. So, why would you want to use anything else?

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marc is justly proud of its range of recycled paper - it has probably the widest choice in the North West, with loads of types and shades. We have weights from 80 - 200 gsm. More importantly, it is really recycled. We know our paper and where it comes from.

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Climate and energy – planning for tomorrow - FESPA | Screen, Digital, Textile Printing Exhibitions, Events and Associations

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Clare Taylor discusses the strategy for fighting climate change, reducing carbon emissions and ensuring energy use is efficient.

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We use cookies to operate this website and to give you the best experience we can. To find out more about which cookies we use, why we use them and how you can manage your cookies please see our Cookie Policy. By continuing to use this site, you agree to the use of cookies.

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united national sustainability development goals

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We use cookies to operate this website and to give you the best experience we can. To find out more about which cookies we use, why we use them and how you can manage your cookies please see our Cookie Policy. By continuing to use this site, you agree to the use of cookies.

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Eco Friendly Badges | Biodegradable Badges

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I now offer eco friendly badges, custom to your business. Are you an eco friendly business, vegan business, shop or wholesale looking for environmentally friendly badges? It is hard to find plastic free badges, look no further. These biodegradable badges are great for business use...

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https://www.my-accessories.co.uk/catalogue/3706/56mm-Round-G-Series-Bio-Button-Pin-Back-Components

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Unit Quantity

Price Each

Pack Price (100)

i Please be aware that these prices are always shown in GBP (British Pounds). When viewing using a currency outside of GBP, please refer to the total cart amount shown in your local currency.

Unit Quantity

Price Each

Pack Price (100)

i Please be aware that these prices are always shown in GBP (British Pounds). When viewing using a currency outside of GBP, please refer to the total cart amount shown in your local currency.

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Buy 56mm Round G Series Bio Button Pin Back Components - Pack of 100 Online

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Shop from UK's biggest supplier of 56mm Round G Series Bio Button Pin Back Components - Pack of 100. Over 2,000 reviews, fast delivery, and free shipping over £120 on your 56mm Round G Series Bio Button Pin Back Components - Pack of 100.

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Samples are grouped and organised by material category, e.g. metal, wood, plastic, paper, foam, technical textiles, glass and are displayed so that they can be handled.
Each sample on display includes a label with the name of the material category and manufacturers contact details for you to research further. Write down the article/quality/reference number of the material you are interested in if it has one so you can contact the company with your requirements.

Sustainability guidance in the collection

We have chosen six criteria as a framework of questions to begin to understand the sustainability of the materials in the collection. These are just a starting point. There are a lot of factors in deciding how 'sustainable' something is.

Look out for our green labels to get you started and do some research about your material to find out more. The sustainable section includes a mixture of materials and fabrics that are certified or fit into the sustainability criteria. Biodegradable, Made from recycled content, Recyclable, Compostable and/or Made from renewable sources such as Tencel and Organic Cotton. Look out for certifications such as Cradle to Cradle, Fairtrade, Soil Association, BCI, GOTS, Organic Fibres, Oeko-Tex, Global Recycled Standard and Confidence in Textiles.

Find out more about sustainability and materials here.

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LibGuides: Materials and Products: CSM Materials & Products Collection

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All UAL students and staff are welcome to use the SWAP SHOP. The scheme helps our community to save money and the environment, and reinforces an important message about the difference between "end-of-use" and "end-of-life".

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Although there is no official standard to determine green printing processes, an environmentally-minded printer should utilize the most eco-friendly paper.

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Build this simple Wood Briquette Press and save Money!!!

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HomeZone® Black Log Briquette Maker DIY Recycle Newspaper Briquette Maker Paper Log Brick for Heating Fire Stove Home
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HomeZone® Black Log Briquette Maker DIY Recycle Newspaper Briquette Maker Paper Log Brick for Heating Fire Stove Home

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Make your own Logs for your fire place with this Brick Maker! A clever and quirky way to recycle, this log maker makes the ideal tool for making paper bricks for fires, fire pits and chimeneas. A great way to recycle any unwanted junk mail or old newspapers, simply insert into the tool and use th...