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The United States added more than 500,000 square miles of land, and with this land there were many arguments about slavery. There was a line where slavery wasn't allowed in which was you could not go any higher than 36 degrees, 30'.

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The Supreme Court made a historic ruling about slavery. In 1846 Dred Scott sued for his freedom and the lower court ruled in his favor. 11 years later the U.S. Supreme Court, they had to think of if Scott is a free man, so Dred Scott did not have the right to file suit in federal court.

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Charles Sumner criticized pro-slavery people in Kansas and insulted Andrew Pickens Butler, the   senator from South Carolina. Representative Preston Brooks, who was related to Butler responded by using his walking cane to beat Sumner unconscious. Northerners became outraged and called Brooks "Bully Brooks."

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Sedentary Henry Clay of Kentucky made the Compromise to try to help the nation maintain peace. His ideas were: California would enter the union as a free state, Mexican Cession would be federal land, Texas would give up land east of the upper Rio Grande, the slave trade would end, and a more effective fugitive slave law would be passed.

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Officials were aloud to arrest slaves in free area and it was a crime if you helped the runaway slaves.

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Sound Smart: The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 | History

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Harriet Beecher Stowe created Uncle Tom's Cabin when she moved to Ohio because she learned about how slaves were being treated and she wanted to educate Northerners about what was going on in the South. In a decade the book was sold more then 2 million times.

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Lincoln talked about the spread of slavery in the South and that the Democrats were trying to spread slavery across the nation. Lincoln was talking about how all African Americans should have the right to be free but Lincoln didn't think that African Americans had the same rights as whites. Douglas said that Lincoln said that couldn't be half slave half free. They kept going back in forth and Douglas won but Abraham Lincoln became a great leader.

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The grand jury of Kansas charged antislavery leaders with treason. So, pro-slavery people rode to where the antislavery people lived to try and get rid of the antislavery leaders but, they fled. Then they attacked Lawrence by, setting fires, looting buildings, and destroying presses used to print the antislavery newspapers.

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Franklin Pierce ran for the election and was honoring the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act. The opposing side chose Winfield Scott, a Mexican war hero. Franklin Pierce won the election by a great amount.

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Stephen Douglas came up with the idea of the act and created the act which would split the remaining parts of the Louisiana Purchase into two parts. Antislavery northerners were outraged because they though that Douglas did it to make more free states into non-free states. Northerners protested and sent anti-Nebraska petitions to congress. But, there was still enough support from the South so the act was passed.

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After the attack on Lawrence abolitionist John Brown decided to "fight fire with fire" and strike terror to the pro-slavery people. On May 24th, 1856, along Pottawatomie Creek, Brown and his men killed five pro-slavery men, which is known as the Pottawatomie Massacre.