# data[].attributes.body
Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly

Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis  of inferences drawn from the text.

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Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

L.8.1.a Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

L.8.1.b Form and use verbs in the active and passive voice.

L.8.1.c Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood.

L.8.1.d Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

L.8.1.a Explain the function of verbals in general.

Explain the function of gerunds.

Explain the function of participles.

Explain the function of infinitives.

L.8.1.b Form verbs in the active voice.

Form verbs in the passive voice.

Use verbs in the active voice.

Use verbs in the passive voice.

L.8.1.c Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive mood.

Form verbs in the indicative mood.

Form verbs in the imperative mood.

Form verbs in the conditional mood.

Form verbs in the subjunctive mood.

Use verbs in the indicative mood.

Use verbs in the imperative mood.

Use verbs in the conditional mood.

Use verbs in the subjunctive mood.

L.8.1.d Recognize inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.

Correct inappropriate shirts in verb voice and mood.

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Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

L.8.2.a Use punctuation (comma, ellipsis, dash) to indicate a pause or break.

L.8.2.b Use an ellipsis to indicate an omission.

L.8.2.c Spell correctly.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization when writing.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English punctuation when writing.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English spelling when writing.

L.8.2.a Use a comma to indicate a pause or break.

Use an ellipsis to indicate a pause or break.

Use a dash to indicate a pause or break.

L.8.2.b Use an ellipsis to indicate an omission.

L.8.2.c Spell correctly.

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Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

L.8.3.a Use verbs in the active and passive voice and in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects (e.g., emphasizing the actor or the action; expressing uncertainty or describing a state contrary to fact).

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when speaking.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when  reading.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when listening.

L.8.3.a Use verbs in the active and passive voice to achieve particular effects.

Use verbs in the conditional and subjunctive mood to achieve particular effects.

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Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

L.8.4.a Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

L.8.4.b Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).

L.8.4.c Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

L.8.4.d Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

Determine the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

L.8.4.a Use context clues.

Use the overall meaning of a sentence as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Use the overall meaning of a paragraph as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Use a word's position as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Use a word's function in a sentence as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

L.8.4.b Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).

Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin  roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).

L.8.4.c Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

Consult dictionaries, both print and digital.

Consult glossaries, both print and digital.

Consult thesauruses, both print and digital.

Find the pronunciation of a word.

Determine or clarify its precise meaning.

Determine or clarify its part of speech.

L.8.4.d Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

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Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

L.8.5.a Interpret figures of speech (e.g. verbal irony, puns) in context.

L.8.5.b Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.

L.8.5.c Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute).

L.8.5.d Recognize the influence time, culture, gender and social relationships have upon word meaning.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language

Demonstrate understanding of  word relationships

Demonstrate understanding of nuances in word meanings.

L.8.5.a Interpret verbal irony in context.

Interpret situational irony in context.

Interpret dramatic irony in context.

Interpret puns in context.

L.8.5.b Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.

L.8.5.c Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute).

L.8.5.d Recognize the influence time has upon word meaning.

Recognize the influence culture has upon word meaning.

Recognize the influence gender has on word meaning.

Recognize the influence social relationships have on word meaning.

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Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression

Acquire grade-appropriate general academic words and phrases.

Use accurately grade-appropriate general academic words and phrases.

Acquire grade-appropriate domain-specific academic words and phrases.

Use accurately grade-appropriate domain-specific academic words and phrases.

Gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension.

Gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to expression.

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Analyze the purpose of information presented in diverse media and formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) and evaluate the motives (e.g., social, commercial, political) behind its presentation.

Analyze the purpose of information presented in diverse media and formats.

Evaluate the motives behind its presentation.

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Delineate a speaker’s argument and specific claims, evaluating the soundness of the reasoning and relevance and sufficiency of the evidence and identifying when irrelevant evidence is introduced.

Delineate a speaker's argument.

Delineate a speaker's specific claims.

Evaluate the soundness of the reasoning.

Evaluate the relevance of the evidence.

Evaluate the sufficiency of the evidence.

Identify when irrelevant evidence is introduced.

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Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest.

Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information.

Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to strengthen claims.

Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to add interest.

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Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound valid reasoning, and well-chosen details; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation.

Present claims and findings.

Emphasize salient points in a focused, coherent manner.

Present relevant evidence.

Present sound, valid reasoning.

Present well-chosen details.

Use appropriate eye contact.

Use adequate volume.

Use clear pronunciation.

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Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 topics, texts, and issues, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.

SL.8.1.a Come to discussions prepared, having read or researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence on the topic, text, or issue to probe and reflect on ideas under discussion.

SL.8.1.b Follow rules for collegial discussions and decision-making, track progress toward specific goals and deadlines, and define individual roles as needed.

SL.8.1.c Pose questions that connect the ideas of several speakers and respond to others’ questions and comments with relevant evidence, observations, and ideas.

SL.8.1.d Acknowledge new information expressed by others, and, when warranted, qualify or justify their own views in light of the evidence presented

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 topics.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 texts.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 8 issues.

Build on others’ ideas.

Express ideas clearly.

SL.8.1.a Come to discussions prepared, having read or researched material under study.

Explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence on the topic, text, or issue.

Probe and reflect on ideas under discussion.

SL.8.1.b Follow rules for collegial discussions and decision-making.

Track progress toward specific goals and deadlines.

Define individual roles as needed.

SL.8.1.c Pose questions that connect the ideas of several speakers.

Respond to others’ questions and comments with relevant evidence, observations, and ideas.

SL.8.1.d Acknowledge new information expressed by others.

When warranted, qualify or justify their own views in light of the evidence presented.

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Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts.

Adapt speech to a variety of tasks.

Demonstrate command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.

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Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

W.8.1.a Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically.

W.8.1.b Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources including oral sources, and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.

W.8.1.c Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

W.8.1.d Establish and maintain a formal style.

W.8.1.e Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons.

Write arguments to support claims with relevant evidence.

W.8.1.a Introduce claim(s)

Acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims

Organize the reasons and evidence logically.

W.8.1.b Support claim(s) with logical reasoning.

Support claim(s) with relevant evidence

Use accurate, credible sources including oral sources.

Demonstrate an understanding of the topic or text.

W.8.1.c Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

Use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

W.8.1.d Establish a formal style.

Maintain a formal style

W.8.1.e Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the argument presented.

Provide a concluding statement or section that supports the argument presented.

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Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

W.8.2.a Introduce a topic clearly, previewing what is to follow; organize ideas, concepts, and information into broader categories; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

W.8.2.b Develop the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.

W.8.2.c Use appropriate and varied transitions to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

W.8.2.d Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

W.8.2.e Establish and maintain a formal style.

W.8.2.f Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic.

Convey ideas, concepts, and information.

Select relevant content.

Organize relevant content.

Analyze relevant content

W.8.2.a Introduce a topic clearly.

Preview what is to follow.

Organize ideas, concepts, and information into broader categories.

Include formatting (e.g., headings)

Include graphics (e.g., charts, tables).

Include multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

W.8.2.b Develop the topic with relevant definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.

Develop the topic with well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.

W.8.2.c Use appropriate transitions to create cohesion among ideas and concepts.

Use varied transitions to create cohesion among ideas and concepts.

Use appropriate transitions to clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

Use varied transitions to  clarify the relationships among ideas and concepts.

W.8.2.d Use precise language  to inform about or explain the topic.

Use domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

W.8.2.e Establish a formal style.

Maintain a formal style.

W.8.2.f Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from the information or explanation presented.

Provide a concluding statement or section that  supports the information or explanation presented

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Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and wellstructured event sequences.

W.8.3.a Engage and orient the reader by establishing a context and point of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally and logically.

W.8.3.b Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, and reflection, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

W.8.3.c Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence, signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another, and show the relationships among experiences and events.

W.8.3.d Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action and convey experiences and events.

W.8.3.e Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on the narrated experiences or events.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using relevant descriptive details.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using well-structured event sequences.

W.8.3.a Engage the reader by establishing a context.

Orient the reader by establishing a point of view.

Introduce a narrator and/or characters.

Organize an event sequence that unfolds naturally.

Organize an event sequence that unfolds logically.

W.8.3.b Use dialogue to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Use pacing to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Use description to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

Use reflection to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.

W.8.3.c Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to convey sequence.

Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to  signal shifts from one time frame or setting to another.

Use a variety of transition words, phrases, and clauses to  show the relationships among experiences and events.

W.8.3.d Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to capture the action.

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to convey experiences.

Use precise words and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensory language to convey events.

W.8.3.e Provide a conclusion that follows from the narrated experiences or events.

Provide a conclusion that reflects on the narrated experiences or events.

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Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to purpose.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to audience.

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With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on how well purpose and audience have been addressed.

Develop writing with guidance and support from peers and adults.

Strengthen writing with guidance and support from peers and adults.

Plan.

Revise.

Edit.

Rewrite.

Try a new approach.

Focus on how well purpose has been addressed.

Focus on how well audience has been addressed.

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Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas efficiently as well as to interact and collaborate with others.

Use technology, including the internet, to produce writing.

Use technology, including the internet, to publish writing.

Use technology, including the internet, to present the relationships between information and ideas efficiently.

Use technology, including the internet, to interact and collaborate with others.

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Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration and include sources and/or topics by and about American Indians.

Conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question.

Draw on several sources.

Generate additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of explortaion.

Include sources and/or topics by American Indians.

Include sources and/or topics about American Indians.

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Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, using search terms effectively; assess the credibility and accuracy of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Gather relevant information from multiple print sources.

Gather relevant information from multiple digital sources.

Use search terms effectively.

Assess the credibility and accuracy of each source.

Quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others.

Avoid plagiarism.

Follow a standard format for citation.

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Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

W.8.9.a Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literature (e.g., “Analyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patterns of events, or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works such as the Bible, including describing how the material is rendered new”).

W.8.9.b Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., “Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced”).

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support  reflection.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support  research.

W.8.9.a Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literature.

W.8.9.b Apply grade 8 Reading standards to literary nonfiction

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Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of what the text says explicitly.

Cite the textual evidence that most strongly supports an analysis of inferences drawn from the text.

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Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the characters, setting, and plot; provide an objective summary of the text.

Determine a theme or central idea of a text.

Analyze a theme or central idea's development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the characters.

Analyze a theme or central idea's development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the setting.

Analyze a theme or central idea's development over the course of the text, including its relationship to the plot.

Provide an objective summary of the text.

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Analyze how particular lines of dialogue or incidents in a story or drama propel the action, reveal aspects of a character, or provoke a decision.

Analyze how particular lines of dialogue or incidents in a story or drama propel the action.

Analyze how particular lines of dialogue or incidents in a story or drama reveal aspects of a character.

Analyze how particular lines of dialogue or incidents in a story or drama provoke a decision.

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Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts.

Determine the figurative meanings of words and phrases as they are used in a text.

Determine the connotative meanings of words and phrases as they are used in a text.

Analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning, including analogies or allusions to other texts.

Analyze the impact of specific word choices on tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts.

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Compare and contrast the structure of two or more texts and analyze how the differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning and style.

Compare the structure of two or more texts.

Analyze how the differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning.

Analyze how the differing structure of each text contributes to its style.

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Analyze how differences in the points of view of the characters and the audience or reader (e.g., created through the use of dramatic irony) create such effects as suspense or humor.

Analyze how differences in the points of view of the characters and the audience or reader create such effects as suspense or humor.

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Analyze the extent to which a filmed or live production of a story or drama stays faithful to or departs from the text or script, evaluating the choices made by the director or actors.

Analyze the extent to which a filmed or live production of a story or drama stays faithful to or departs from the text or script.

Evaluate the choices made by the director or actors.

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(Not applicable to literature)

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Analyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patterns of events, or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works such as the Bible, including describing how the material is rendered new and include texts by and about American Indians.

Analyze how a modern work of fiction draws on themes, patters of events, or character types from myths, traditional stories, or religious works such as the Bible.

Describe how the material is rendered new.

Include texts by American Indians.

Include texts about American Indians.

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By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at the high end of grades 6–8 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

By the end of the year, read stories at the high end of  grades 6-8 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

By the end of the year, read dramas at the high end of  grades 6-8 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

By the end of the year, read poems at the high end of  grades 6-8 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

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Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas; provide an objective summary of the text.

Determine a central idea of a text.

Analyze the development of a central idea through the course of the text, including its relationship to supporting ideas.

Provide an objective summary of the text.

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Analyze how a text makes connections among and distinctions between individuals, ideas, cultures, or events (e.g., through comparisons, analogies, or categories).

Analyze how a text makes connections among/between  individuals, ideas, cultures, or events through comparisons.

Analyze how a text makes connections among/between  individuals, ideas, cultures, or events through analogies.

Analyze how a text makes connections among/between  individuals, ideas, cultures, or events through categories.

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Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including analogies or allusions to other texts.

Determine the figurative meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text.

Determine the connotative meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text.

Determine the technical meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text.

Analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning, including analogies and allusions to other texts.

Analyze the impact of specific word choices on tone, including analogies and allusions to other texts.

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Analyze in detail the structure of a specific paragraph in a text, including the role of particular sentences in developing and refining a key concept.

Analyze in detail the structure of a specific paragraph in a text, including the role of particular sentences in developing a key concept.

Analyze in detail the structure of a specific paragraph in a text, including the role of particular sentences in refining a key concept.

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Determine an author’s point of view or purpose in a text including texts by and about American Indians, and analyze how the author acknowledges and responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.

Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text including text by American Indians.

Determine an author's point of view of purpose in a text including texts about American Indians.

Analyze how the author acknowledges to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.

Analyze how the author responds to conflicting evidence or viewpoints.

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Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using different mediums (e.g., print or digital text, video, multimedia) to present a particular topic or idea.

Evaluate the advantages of using different mediums to present a particular topic or idea.

Evaluate the disadvantages of using different mediums to present a particular topic or idea.

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Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced and include texts by and about American Indians.

Delineate the argument in a text.

Evaluate the argument in a text.

Delineate the specific claims in a text.

Evaluate the specific claims in a text.

Assess whether the reasoning is sound.

Assess whether the evidence is relevant.

Assess whether the evidence is sufficient.

Recognize when irrelevant evidence is introduced.

Include texts by American Indians.

Include texts about American Indians.

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Analyze a case in which two or more texts provide conflicting information on the same topic and identify where the texts disagree on matters of fact or interpretation and include texts by and about American Indians.

Analyze a case in which two or more texts provide conflicting information on the same topic.

Identify where the texts disagree on matters of fact or interpretation.

Include texts by and about American Indians.

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By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction at the high end of the grades 6–8 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

By the end of the year, read literary nonfiction at the at the high end of the grades 6-8 text complexity band  independently.

By the end of the year, comprehend literary nonfiction at the at the high end of the grades 6-8 text complexity band  independently.

By the end of the year, read literary nonfiction at the at the high end of the grades 6-8 text complexity band  proficiently.

By the end of the year, comprehend literary nonfiction at the at the high end of the grades 6-8 text complexity band  proficiently.

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Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Write routinely over extended time frames for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. .

Write routinely over shorter time frames for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences. .