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In the race for senator, Lincoln faced senator Stephan Douglas who believed that there was no reason why the country couldn’t live with half the country pro-slavery and the other half no slavery. Lincoln disagreed and said that slavery was a moral issue not a legal one and stated that it was really an argument between a group that viewed the institution of slavery as not moral and another group who justified slavery. Lincoln challenged Douglas in a debate, they both argued their opinions which led to Lincoln losing the election. However Lincoln’s speech was printed on newspapers everywhere and inspired more people. One abolitionist, John Brown took matters into his own house and raided a shipment of weapons and ammunition in Virginia, to arm slaves for the rebellion. All of his men including himself were caught and killed, when he was hanged the southerners found a note he wrote saying that the guilty people’s crimes could only stop with bloodshed. This sparked fear in the white southerners, scared that the abolitionist would not stop attacking until slavery was completely abolished.

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In 1857, Dred Scott an slave from Missouri who recently lived in Winsconsin, a free state for a number of years went to Supreme Court to sue for his freedom. He argued that his stay in winsconsin made him a free man. Chief Justice Taney however disagreed and declared two rulings, one being that he was not an American citizen so therefore couldn’t sue court and that he nor any African American could become a citizen. The second ruling being that his argument was invalid because the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional. The south was relieved and happy by these rulings, hoping that the issue of slavery was finally put to rest and on the side of pro-slavery. The north however were infuriated by this decision and called it a “wicked and false judgement”.

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The situation in Kansas troubled many people in congress, one of them being senator Charles Sumner. Sumner performed a speech calling out the violence in Kansas and Douglas saying that he schemed with the south to make Kansas a slave state. He also called out many more southerners, including the senator of South Carolina. The senators nephew went to congress and beat Sumner in the head with a metal tipped cane until his cane broke in two. Many southerners were proud of what he did and even sent him new cane's. The north saw him as a stereotypical stubborn southerner who supported the institution of slavery.

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Most who went to Kansas were farmers who came for land, but some supported slavery or didn't. The south asked people to send their young men to establish slavery in Kansas. The north raised money to get weapons to farmers who were against slavery. Very quickly there was two competing governments, one for slavery and the other not for slavery, violence quickly erupted between these two groups and many from both sides were heavily beaten and hurt. Lawrence was the capitol of the anti-slavery movement in Kansas, the pro-slavery group raided the town and burned a hotel and threw out printing presses of abolitionist newspapers. This only provoked the north and the anti-slavery people, the north sent soldiers and raised more money for weapons and new printing presses.

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This act created two territories, it abolished the Missouri compromise and left it up to the settlers in these new states to decide whether it was a free or slave state. Northerners were enraged by this because they feared that slavery would spread across the line into the plains. Douglas argued that the land was not suitable for slavery and that it was popular sovereignty or vote by the people.

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Under this act, runaway slaves in the north were arrested and given no rights and returned to the south. Both the north and south were upset by this act because northerners didn't want to enforce it, and the southerners felt like this wan't enough to make sure they got their "property"/slave back. The north's refusal and protest to this act only made it hard for the slave catchers,out of thousands of former slaves living in the north only 300 were captured.

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Henry Clay, the senator of Kentucky and creater of the Missouri Compromise, proposed another compromise in the January of 1850. The compromise consisted of admitting California to the union as a free state, also letting New Mexico and Utah the choice of being a free or slave state. This compromise also banned slavery in Washington D.C. and enforced the fugitive slave law more. Webster agreed to help Clay pass it in Congress, even though he had Webster, Congress took nine months debating this compromise and finally passed it in September.

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Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831 was the last big rebellion, although many slaves still ran away to the north and were often helped by northerners. To slave owners this was no more than thievery, they saw slaves as a piece of their property and when they ran away it was like getting a car or land taken away. Slave owners pressed Congress to pass the fugitive slave act, where any runaway slave has to be recaptured and returned to their former owner. Still, northerners helped fugitive slaves escape to places where it didn't apply, this upset many slaveholders.

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This was also known as The Second Great Awakening, when religious leaders claimed that God blessed those who did his bidding, for the people who was against slavery his bidding was abolishing slavery. As abolitionists attacked congress with petitions to end slavery, congress performed the "Gag-Rule" where they pushed all petitions to end slavery off the table. It is called this because they silenced or gagged all talk of slavery in congress. Abolitionist continued to attack slavery in everything from newspapers to public gatherings, slave owners saw this as an attack on their lifestyle and resented them. However, this soon turned to fear after Nat Turner's rebellion.

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An agreement made by congress which made Missouri a slave state in the union and Maine a free state. The government did this to maintain the balance of free and slave states. This compromise only upset more people, the people in the north who voted Missouri as a slave state lost respect and were seen as hypocrites. The slave owners hated the ban on slavery in the territories that have yet to become states.

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After the election of Lincoln, many southern states talked of seceding the union. Desperate to keep the country together many senators met on December 20, 1860 in search of another compromise. Meanwhile two cities had huge events happening in Springfield, Illinois a reporter interviewed Lincoln, Lincoln said that he couldn’t stop the south from practicing slavery, and would support the fugitive slave act but stopped at slavery extending to the new territories. In Charleston, South Carolina delegates from the state voted to leave the union, the people of South Carolina celebrated this act and the newspapers headlined “union is dissolved”. Very soon six more southern states followed the lead of South Carolina, and in 1861 these seven states formed the confederacy of America.

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11) Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President 

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11) Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President 

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Lincoln faced three people in the Presidential election, he won the election although it was an odd election. Lincoln won with 40% of the votes all cast in the north, this scared the south because they realized that they were now the minority and didn’t have a say in laws and government as much as the north did. The south were anxious waiting to see what would happen, they also were scared that congress would abolish slavery and one newspaper even said that removing slavery would be “rather loss of liberty, property, home, country-everything that makes life worth living”.