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A common problem in lenses which occurs when colors are incorrectly refracted (bent) by the lens, resulting in a mismatch at the focal point where the colors do not combine as they should

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The obtaining of poster-like reproductions having solid tones or colors and little detail from photographs or other continuous-tone originals by means of separation negatives

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Aliasing is an effect that can show up in an image with a very fine edge or fine detail. It is manifested as a smooth edge becoming jagged. Moiré, the most common form of aliasing in digital photography, is manifested as a very fine pattern that becomes highly distorted in both its pattern and color.

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They are caused by compression when an image is saved in the . jpg format

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Two common types of distortion. In barrel distortion, magnification decreases with distance from the centre of the image; in pincushion distortion, magnification increases with distance.

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An image sensor format approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced Photo System film negative in its C format, of 25.1×16.7 mm, an aspect ratio of 3:2

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A digital single-lens reflex camera with a 35 mm image sensor format

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A sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image

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The ratio of the dimensions of a camera's imaging area compared to a reference format

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8 Bits, eight 0s/1s. It has 8 slots for 2 units: So think of 1 Byte as 2 to the 8th power, can represent
256 distinct values

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A style of painting and sculpture developed in the early 20th century, characterized chiefly by an emphasis on formal structure, the reduction of natural forms to their geometrical equivalents, and the organization of the planes of a represented object independently of representational requirements

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A form of photography that is distinguished by extreme, austere simplicity

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One of its aims is to use images of popular (as opposed to elitist) culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any culture, most often through the use of irony

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Creating images where the artist is being innovative and experimental in an aspect of her/his art

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Otherwise quite believable scenes and situations are transformed into waking dreams or fantastical, hallucinatory scenarios by the photographer's creative vision

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The intentional borrowing, copying, and alteration of existing images and objects

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A combination of two images into one where one image is overlaid onto another at less than full opacity

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a genre of photography used for the depiction of inanimate subject matter, typically a small group of objects

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A type of photography involves the taking of photographs for commercial uses (product shots, head-shots, etc)

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The taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flying object

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A type of histogram that acts as a graphical representation of the tonal distribution in a digital image

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A loosely used term applied to an array of concepts and attitudes that reject prior definitions of art and question art in general

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Art that is made by assembling disparate elements – often everyday objects – scavenged by the artist or bought specially

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A type of grey filter that easily attaches to a camera lens, to control how much light enters the camera's sensor

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The deliberate processing of photographic film in a chemical solution intended for a different type of film

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A tight structure of a similar shape to the honeycomb made by honey bees. It's affixed to the front of a studio strobe. Or it can be fixed to an off-camera flash. The light shines through the grid and creates a tight beam of light.

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A photographic lighting device that uses a parabolic reflector to distribute light towards a focal point

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A tube or similar object that fits over a studio light or portable flash and allows the photographer to control the direction and radius of the light beam

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A type of photographic lighting device, one of a number of photographic soft light devices

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A self-contained photographic flash lighting unit usually found in a studio

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The light reflected in a subject's eye, the glimmer that comes from an external light source

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A remapping of image tonality, specified as a function from input level to output level, used as a way to emphasize colours or other elements in a picture

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A tool in Photoshop and other image editing programs which can move and stretch the brightness levels of an image histogram

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A circular lighting tool that evenly illuminates the subject of a close-up photograph

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The use of camera movements that change the orientation or position of the lens with respect to the film or image sensor on cameras

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Straight out of camera. Images as shot out of camera; implied is no post processing, slang in photography groups

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A positive photograph on glass made by a variant of the wet plate collodion process

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A technique used to develop a peel-apart film picture on to a different material, like drawing paper

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An intaglio printmaking or photo-mechanical process whereby a copper plate is grained and then coated with a light-sensitive gelatin tissue which had been exposed to a film positive

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A photographic printing process that produces a cyan-blue print

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An organic alternative photography process akin to the anthotype process. However, instead of printing on the crushed extract of fruit or plant matter, the prints are bleached by sunlight directly onto the surface of leaves using a positive

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A technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject's face is lit, while the other half is left dark. The light is evenly divided over the subject.

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A standard lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography and cinematography. It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment.

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An essential lighting technique for portrait photographers. This lighting pattern will create a shadow that loops down and around the side of the nose, and on the neck and under the chin. These shadows subtly help define the subject's bone structure.

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A portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject's face. This creates a shadow under the nose that resembles a butterfly.

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A portrait lighting pattern where the portion of the subject's face that is turned toward the camera is lit most brightly. This is the 'broad' side of the face - from camera position it is wider than the 'short' side of the face, the side that is turned away from the camera.

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A classic portrait lighting pattern where the subject is lit from the side of their face that is farthest from the camera.

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A photograph made by creating a direct positive on a thin sheet of metal coated with a dark lacquer or enamel and used as the support for the photographic emulsion

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A shot that is devoid of camera movement. Also known as a locked-off shot, or an immobile shot

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The visual force that appears due to the contrast of light among the visual elements that compound it

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The process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or 3D model by means of a computer program

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Space evoked from the relief-perspective when the entities that belong to the picture plane don't undergo reductions or enlargements (change of scale)

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Composed of kaleidoscopic repetitions of forms achieved by photographing objects through a triangular arrangement of three mirrors

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The process of capturing digitized images of objects for the purpose of creating printable art using a flatbed "photo" scanner with a CCD array capturing device

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The art of long exposure photography that captures of the image of the sun moving across the sky

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A single photograph or more commonly a body of photographic work, that shares a high level of consistency

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Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape" was an exhibition that epitomized a key moment in American landscape photography

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The unit of measurement of color temperature

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A set of data that characterizes a color input or output device

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Lighting that simply involves the blocking of unwanted natural light to create a natural three-dimensional quality to the lighting of people outside

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The comparison of key light (the main source of light from which shadows fall) to the fill light (the light that fills in the shadow areas)

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Lighting that produces minimal contrast in the scene, which means there is no, or very little, contrast between the highlights and shadows

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A colloquial term used in digital photography to describe the habit of checking every photo on the camera display immediately after capture

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A photography colloquialism for a cheap 50mm prime lens, usually with a maximum aperture of f/1.8 or faster

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Shortened term for photographer

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A creative digital studio located in Charlotte, NC

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Term for prints that are lacking in detail, contrast, and color brilliance (often grayish or brownish)

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Little round, dark spots that just seem to appear out of nowhere in the photo

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A result of capturing or processing an image where the intensity in a certain area falls outside the minimum and maximum intensity which can be represented

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A photography technique that allows you to connect your camera to a computer or tablet and almost instantly view your digital images on the device within seconds after it is captured

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A type of light may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene to match the dynamic range of the recording media and record the same amount of detail typically seen by eye in average lighting and considered normal

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The first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup

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The film or image sensor used is sensitive to infrared light. The part of the spectrum used is referred to as near-infrared to distinguish it from far-infrared, which is the domain of thermal imaging. Wavelengths used for photography range from about 700 nm to about 900 nm

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A photograph made by combining several distinct photographs either made one over another on the same plate or made on one print from a number of negatives

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A genre of photography that mainly aims to capture portraits of people in situations, real-life events or milestones in an artistic manner and the art of the everyday

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The art of finding old and abandoned buildings and locations, exploring them, and taking photos as you go

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Photography of astronomical objects, celestial events, and areas of the night sky

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Filters that prevent light from entering the camera in measured amounts which allows the photographer more control in selecting shutter speed and aperture combinations in a variety of conditions

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A glass attachment that can reduce the glare from reflected surfaces. Although there are various types available on the market, the most popular is the circular model, partly as it can fit easily onto the end of virtually any camera lens

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A phenomenon in which light rays passing through a lens focus at different points, depending on their wavelength

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A type of camera that works without a reflex mirror. Light passes through the lens directly to the digital sensor, which then displays your image on the camera's LCD screen, allowing you to adjust settings and preview your image before its shot

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The process of superimposing a logo or piece of text atop a document or image file, and it's an important process when it comes to both the copyright protection and marketing of digital works.