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The scientific management theory is improving the efficiency of a project by using science. This concept is one that I see used on a continuous basis at my job. Although I work in an office, the foreman on our job sites and our project manager heavily rely on science and data to improve their schedules and budgets for the overall project. Due to the takeoffs that are needed for each job site engineering is not just preferred, it is necessary. The scientific management theory will always be a relevant concept at least in the excavation industry for this reason.

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I found an article published by Forbes magazine titled "10 Fundamentals That Can Help New Managers Succeed" that had some great insight and tips on how to be a successful manager when you are just starting out, but they are also applicable to managers that have been around for decades. Please find the article link below:

https://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2015/09/21/10-fundamentals-that-can-help-new-managers-succeed/#2380c1fb4fb9

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In Module 1 we learned about the four fundamental functions of management. The diagram below is a key illustration of those functions including a short definition and it also depicts the their relationship to one another. The four basic functions of management are: Planning, Organizing, Controlling and Leading.

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I found the outside resource describing Henri Fayol's principles of management to be enlightening. The world of management has come a long way from believing that employees should work under one supervisor. Although it is still it important to unify and work towards a common goal, there are often times where several managers are used as resources on a project. The other aspect of his principles that I found intriguing was the belief that everything should be tidy and have its own place because there are some individuals that just do not perform well in heavily structured offices such as his principles depict.

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Module 2: The Importance of an Ethical Supply Chain

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Module 2: The Importance of an Ethical Supply Chain

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There are numerous large corporations that have chosen to take their manufacturing overseas to cut down on costs. This in turn created a supply chain that spanned across the globe. While many companies also did this to escape the regulations and limits of the US government it typically came back to hurt them in the end. The consumers still want to see an ethical supply chain and labor force in the companies they purchase their items from.

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As a manager, you will have to be capable of delegating tasks to all or most of the team members. This can be a great opportunity to teach the staff new skills and help further their education. If it will not effect the efficiency of the project or task at hand a manager should encourage the less experienced members to run point or train with an additional senior team member. However, the manager must be careful to give clear instructions as well. After the delegated tasks have been completed it would be helpful to get feedback from the employees about the tasks they were delegated and to also review each employees performance on said tasks.

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The largest difference between multinational corporations (MNC) and transnational corporations (TNC) is that a transnational corporation does not recognize any one home base or headquarters. The MNC on the other hand, has a headquarters in one country while also operating in other countries around the world. There are environmental factors that must be considered in both types of corporations and challenges in managing either.

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There are certain skills needed to be a successful manager on a global skill. These include things such as critical thinking, an understanding of global economics, politics and multi-national business strategies.

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A common misconception in society today is that diversity is primarily skin deep. If the people across the office from one another come from five different heritages but all grew up in the US and have the same beliefs and values then how diverse are they really? The key to having a diverse workforce is having diversity of the minds within that workforce. When there are numerous perspectives given on a situation or problem the chance for innovation and growth is much larger.

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It is imperative to understand international management. If the organization is going to be crossing national borders then the international management concepts are going to be a factor in the company's decision making. For example, it must be considered what kind of culture is within the new country, are there going to be language barriers associated with it and so forth. Many countries may manage their corporations much like the US ones do, however, there are undoubtedly going to be those countries who are vastly different from our own and therefore there will be need for adjustment and compromise in order to grow and thrive in the foreign nation.

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Where I feel that I gained the most knowledge on problem solving was in Chapter 5 of our text book. The large majority of this chapter deals with decision making, and how can you solve a problem without first making a series of decisions? Although there are programmed (routine) decisions, frequently we are faced with spontaneous obstacles in managing that we must overcome. There may be cases in which the identification of the problem results from pure intuition and other times the problem at hand has been brought to our attention. Once this occurs we are faced with our first decision: to explore the problem and attempt to solve it or to try delegating it to another team member (if possible). If the explore path is chosen the next series of decisions come into affect: what are the goals when addressing the problem? If you will have a look at the attached Problem Solving Cycle below you will begin to notice how critical decision making is for each step.

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Corporate social responsibility is a concept surrounding the steps taken by a corporation to take responsibility for its impacts on the environment. These initiatives can be demonstrated through environmentally friendly practices and policies, educational grants, community service projects, etc. The companies who participate in such initiatives often find not only did they benefit the community in which they are located, but they also saw an increase in profits.

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One of the most difficult things to learn is how to communicate effectively with others. Even in day to day interactions people have to learn to communicate with several different personality types, communication styles and cultural barriers among other things; as a manager that is no different and certainly not any less challenging. If a manager is unable to communicate effectively this can effect areas of the job like sales, marketing, training, etc. Furthermore, the essence of management is communicating plans and expectations to the employees and therefore requires an above average set of interpersonal communication skills.

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Managers can often reach a point where they begin to delegate too many tasks or responsibilities; before they know it they have actually given away all of the tasks that give them their greatest authority. As managers, it is important to respect the fact that we are still in charge of our own duties and responsibilities. This is a satirical cartoon that I found demonstrates just that.

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Although there are several kinds of motivation to be used in the wok force, but the manager must first deteremine which type of motivation best suits each team member. However, a few key concepts to remember are to never forget that hard work brings great rewards; the reward can come in any form. While the rewards are great for extrinsically motivated people, those who are intrinsically motivated would prefer to have the feeling of accomplishment. Therefore, with those employees it is much more important to make them feel valuable and needed.

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There could be several reasons for a manager to struggle making decisions on behalf of his or her subordinates. In the article we read in module 4 it speculated that things such as a high-risk consequence and uncertainty play a role in the mindset of a manager in the midst of making the decision. This is why it is vital to follow all of the steps in the Problem Solving Cycle to ensure that the steps taken are the right ones and that we arrived at that conclusion with help from facts and evidence.

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Performance appraisals can be used as a key tool in determining things such as promotions, bonuses and overall productivity of the department. They serve jointly as a way in which the employee can review his/her behaviors and abilities to see where he/she could improve upon. I think an overlooked benefit to the employee appraisals is the way they can be used as an incentive or motivation towards a higher standard of performance for those employees who are intrinsically motivated.

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In 2015, Touro University Worldwide published an article that has a fun, interactive quiz to take which results in telling the quiz taker what kind of leader they are. My results were: Democratic

Here is the link to take the survey for fun and find out what kind of leader YOU are!

http://www.tuw.edu/business/leadership-style-quiz/

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Below is a great article about being the kind of manager that employers want to work for:

https://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2012/09/22/how-to-be-a-great-manager-that-employees-want-to-work-with/?utm_campaign=forbestwittersf&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social#5e203d4d5ad9

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Module 5: Organizations as a Culture                            

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Module 5: Organizations as a Culture                            

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The link below will direct you to one of the best blog posts I have found about the importance of organizational culture. The culture of a workplace has a greater impact on efficiency and employee satisfaction sometimes than monetary substitutes. Personally, I feel as though the organizational culture in my workplace is a large reason why I continue to work there and love my job.
https://blogin.co/blog/importance-of-organizational-culture-7/

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I will admit that this topic took some considerable effort before I could wrap my head around the difference in these two concepts. As I understand it, control is a much more direct way of getting someone to do what you want them to do; power on the other hand, is about the amount of influence you have over someone in order to get them to do what you are asking of them. In my opinion, it is much more beneficial to have power over your employees than control over them. It also takes a higher level of effort to get into a position where you have referent or coercive power.

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The operations of management involve numerous aspects and functions. This picture is a great fantastic depiction of the categories which fall under the operations management. It is a good reminder of how many things a manager is truly responsible for.