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Mexico proclaimed itself an independent empire. They were led by General Agustin de Iturbide. On September 15th 1821 Guatemala was declared independent from Spain and they formed a government that assumed jurisdiction over the entire region.

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Guatemala becomes part of the United Provinces of Central America. Included Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua

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Guatemala ruled by liberal President Justo Rufino Barrios. Justo Rufino Barrios modernizes the country and develops the army and introduces coffee growing.

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General elections were held in Guatemala between 6 and 8 February 1931. In the presidential election Jorge Ubico was elected unopposed. Ubico's Progressive Liberal Party, formed by a union of the two wings of the divided Liberal Party also won the parliamentary election unopposed.

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Jorge Ubico y Castañeda’s presidential term was extended to 15 March 1949 by a Constituent Assembly on 11 September 1941. Guatemala declares war on the Axis powers. After Guatemala declared war on the Axis powers in 1941, the large German-owned coffee holdings were expropriated.

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In 1944, popular revolt broke out in neighboring El Salvador, which briefly toppled dictator Maximiliano Hernández Martínez. Juan Jose Arevalo becomes president following the overthrow of Ubico. He introduces social-democratic reforms, including setting up a social security system and redistributing land to landless peasants.

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In March 1951, Jacobo Arbenz Guzman was sworn in as President of Guatemala. A climate of labor unrest and fears of a possible Sovietization of Guatemala soon prompted opposition groups to begin plotting against the Arbenz regime. Prominent among the plotters was an exiled army colonel, Carlos Castillo Armas.

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Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that deposed the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz and ended the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944–1954.The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état, code-named Operation PBSUCCESS, was a covert operation carried out by the U.S.  Land reform stops with the accession to power of Colonel Carlos Castillo in a coup backed by the US and prompted by Arbenz's nationalisation of plantations of the United Fruit Company.

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1976 Guatemala earthquake struck on February 4 at 03:01:43 local time with a moment magnitude of 7.5. Cities throughout the country suffered damage, and most adobe type houses in the outlying areas of Guatemala City were destroyed. The earthquake struck during the early morning (at 3:01 am, local time) when most people were asleep. This contributed to the high death toll of 23,000. Approximately 76,000 were injured, and many thousands left homeless.

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During the 1980s, the Guatemalan military assumed almost absolute government power for five years. It had successfully infiltrated and eliminated enemies in every socio-political institution of the nation, including the political, social, and intellectual classes. In the early 1980s, the killings are considered to have taken on the scale of genocide. Most human rights abuses were at the hands of the military, police and intelligence services.