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Salamis

The victory at Salamis destroyed the Persian fleet which was a major turning point in the war

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Herodotus
The Spartans willing sacrificed themselves, with a few hundred other Greeks, to defend the pass at Thermopylae.
Even though they were heavily outnumbered they never retreated.

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Retreating

Athenians were able to retreat into Laconia when Persia captured their city.
Meanwhile Persian forces were left stranded with nothing to fall back on e.g. After Plataea

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The Greeks were equipped with much stronger armour and weaponry
The Persians were equipped to fight in desert terrain, meaning their armour and weapons were much lighter and did less to the well equipped Greeks

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Themistocles

Managed to get the different greek states to work together (Herodotus)

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Herodotus (when writing about Thermopylae)
Mentions how Xerxes’ tactic was to send wave after wave of troops at the Spartan front line, achieving very little

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Leonidas

Delayed the Persian forces at thermopylae to give preparation time to the Hellenic League.

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Herodotus
Thermistocles encouraged the Athenians to spend their excess wealth of silver on a navy

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Battle of Salamis

Greek fleet prevailed due to their experience fighting in the narrow straits

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Greater will to fight (for selves/own freedom)

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Greater will to fight (for selves/own freedom)