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Major progress has been made in improving the health of millions of people. At least half the global population does not have access to essential health services and many of those who do suffer undue financial hardship, potentially pushing them into extreme poverty. Concerted efforts are required to achieve universal health coverage to address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases, including mental health, and determinants of health such as air pollution and inadequate water and sanitation.

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Access to electricity in the poorest countries has begun to accelerate, energy efficiency continues to improve and renewable energy is making gains in electricity sector. Despite this progress, some 800 million people remain without electricity.

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The Heads of State and Government and High Representatives, meeting at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 25-27 September 2015, have decided on a new global Sustainable Development Goals and they have committed themselves to complete this objectives by 2030.

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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, which are an urgent call for action by all countries  in a global partnership.

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They want to end poverty and hunger to ensure dignity and equality of all.

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They want to protect the planet from degradation, through sustainable consumption and production, taking urgent action on climate change.

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They want to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives and that economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.

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They want to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies which are free from fear and violence. There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development.

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They want to follow these goals through a revitalized Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, based on a spirit of global solidarity, focused in particular on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable and with the participation of all countries and all people. They pledge that no one will be left behind, recognizing that the dignity of the human person is fundamental, they wish to see the Goals and targets met for all nations and peoples and for all segments of society.

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Climate action is clearly felt worldwide, the goal is to involve all institutions and all people to minimize environmental damage.

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Overfishing, growing ocean acidification due to climate change and worsening coastal eutrophication represent serious environmental problems. What should we do to change this drastic situation?

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• Strengthen adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

• Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning

• Improve education and human and institutional capacity on climate impact reduction and mitigation

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• By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from plastic debris

• By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans

• Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels

• By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics

• By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

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There are some encouraging global trends in protecting terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity, but the real goal is still far from being met.

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The decline of global extreme poverty continues. People who continue to live in extreme poverty face deep, entrenched deprivation often shattered by violent conflicts and vulnerability to disasters.

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• By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day;

• By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions;

• Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable, children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims;

• By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance.

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• By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements

• By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally

• By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world

• Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species

• Take urgent action to end poaching and trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna and address both demand and supply of illegal wildlife products

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Hunger is on the rise again globally and undernutrition continues to affect millions of children. Public investment in agriculture globally is declining, smallscale food producers and family farmers require much greater support and increased investment in infrastructure and technology for sustainable agriculture is urgently needed.

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• By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round;

• By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons;

• By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, ensure sustainable food production systems, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality.

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Laws and institutions are not strong enough to guarantee a favorable life situation or security rights for all.

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Despite the considerable progress on education access and participation over the past years, 262 million children and youth aged 6 to 17 were still out of school in 2017, and more than half of children and adolescents are not meeting minimum proficiency standards in reading and mathematics.

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By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services;

By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix;

By 2030, expand infrastructure and upgrade technology for supplying modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries, in particular least developed countries.

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Despite progress, billions of people still lack safe water, sanitation. Most countries are unlikely to reach full implementation of integrated water resources management by 2030.

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By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all;

By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations;

By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, minimizing release of dangerous chemicals and materials, increasing recycling and safe reuse globally;

By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.

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By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births;

By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality;

By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases;

By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol;

By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents;

By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes;

By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination.

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While some indicators of gender equality are progressing, such as a significant decline in the prevalence of female genital mutilation and early marriage, the overall numbers continue to be high. Moreover, insufficient progress on structural issues at the root of gender inequality, such as legal discrimination, unfair social norms and attitudes, decision-making on sexual and reproductive issues and low levels of political participation, are undermining the ability to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 5.

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By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes;

By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university;

By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations;

By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy;

By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence, appreciation of cultural diversity;

Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all and expand globally the number of scholarships.

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End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere;

Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation;

Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation;

Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate;

Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.

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Inclusive and sustainable economic growth can drive progress and generate the means to implement the Sustainable Development Goals. Globally, labour productivity has increased however, the global economy is growing at a slower rate, so more progress is needed to increase employment opportunities, particularly for young people.

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• Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances and, in particular, at least 7 per cent gross domestic product growth per annum in the least developed countries

• Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors

• Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services

• By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value

• By 2020, substantially reduce the proportion of youth not in employment, education or training

• Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms

• Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment

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Aspects of the prevailing global economic environment have not been conducive to rapid progress on Sustainable Development Goal 9. While financing for economic infrastructure has increased in developing countries, countries that are lagging behind, such as least developed countries, face serious challenges in doubling the manufacturing industry’s share of GDP by 2030, and investment in scientific research and innovation remains below the global average.

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• Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure

• Increase the access of small-scale industrial and other enterprises

• By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes,

• Enhance scientific research, upgrade the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, including, by 2030, encouraging innovation and substantially increasing the number of research and development workers per 1 million people and public and private research and development spending

• Facilitate sustainable and resilient infrastructure development in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support to African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

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Inequality within and among nations continues to be a significant concern despite progress in and efforts at narrowing disparities of opportunity, income and power. Income inequality continues to rise in many parts of the world. Greater emphasis will need to be placed on reducing inequalities in income as well as those based on other factors.

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• By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status

• Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard

• Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equality

• Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policies

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Substantial progress has been made in reducing the proportion of the global urban population living in slums, though more than 1 billion people continue to live in such situations.

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• By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums

• By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons

• Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage

• By 2030, significantly reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations

• By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management

• By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities

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Worldwide material consumption has expanded rapidly, seriously jeopardizing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 12 and the Goals more broadly. Urgent action is needed to ensure that current material needs do not lead to the overextraction of resources or to the degradation of environmental resources, and should include policies that improve resource efficiency, reduce waste and mainstream sustainability practices across all sectors of the economy.

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• By 2030, achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources

• By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses

• By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment

• By 2030, substantially reduce waste generation through prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse

• By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature

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• Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

• End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children

• Promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all

• By 2030, significantly reduce illicit financial and arms flows, strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and combat all forms of organized crime

• Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels

• By 2030, provide legal identity for all, including birth registration

• Strengthen relevant national institutions, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime

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Tere is good progress on the current life situation, but there still are significant challenges: ODA is declining, private investment flows are not well aligned with sustainable development, there continues to be a significant digital divide and there are ongoing trade tensions. Enhanced international cooperation is needed to provide countries the opportunity to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.

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• Strengthen the particular capacities of each country and making it easier to have more financial resources

• Help developing countries with financial resources

• Assist developing countries in attaining long-term debt sustainability through policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring

• Streghthen North-South, South-South international cooperation and access to science, technology and innovation and enhance knowledge sharing

• Promote the development and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries

• Significantly increase the exports of developing countries, in particular with a view to doubling their least global exports by 2020

• Realize duty-free and quota-free market access for all least developed countries

• Enhance policy coherence for sustainable development

• Respect each country’s policy space and leadership to implement (attuare) policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development