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1930; Paris, France
Oil on canvas.
Localização:  Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands
238 cm × 185 cm

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1928 - Paris, France
Oil on canvas.
Localização:  Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice, Italy.
73 x 54 cm.

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1952 - Brussels, Belgium.
Oil on canvas.
Localização:  Menil Collection, Houston, TX, US.
55 x 45 cm.

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René Magritte - nascido na cidade de Lessines, na Bélgica – é considerado um dos principais artistas do surrealismo. René começa estudando na Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts durante dois anos e neste mesmo período ele conhece a sua esposa que, outrora, virará sua principal modelo. Logo após isso trabalhou numa fábrica de papel de parede e foi designer de cartazes, antes de se dedicar totalmente a arte devido a um contrato que ele vem a assinar com a Galerie la Centaure.

A vida artistica no surrealismo de Magritte fora influenciada por De Chirico, após ter contato com a sua arte, ele pinta a sua primeira obra surrealista -O Jockey Perdido. As pinturas do Magritte são reflexos de assuntos comuns com certa inquietação, mistério, insegurança. Ele pinta quadros com palavras, mas que o título não convém explicar a pintura e nem vice-versa. As palavras e imagens não agem separadamente, não repetem o mesmo conteúdo, elas geram dialética. Podemos observar num dos quadros mais famosos do Magritte esse contexto, em "La Trahison Des Images (Ceci n'est pas une pipe)" o imagem e a frase se contradizem. Afinal, como tem um cachimbo e Magritte diz que aquilo não é um cachimbo? Porque não é o objeto, é a representação, a imagem de um cachimbo!

Durante o período pós-guerra, ele tem uma pequena passagem pelo período Impressionista, que não dura muito tempo. Suas pinturas nesse momento tem cores claras, mas ele não consegue abandonar as formas das suas pinturas surrealistas, como por exemplo, em "Age of Pleasure" ou "L'Eclair".

Magritte só se torna um artista conhecido após assinar contrato com o Alexandre Lolas, que foi o seu agente até a morte. Logo após isso, ele pinta murais, teto, realiza pintura de retratos. Também realiza filmes surrealistas, que usa seus amigos como atores ou diretores.

"Meu único desejo é de que enriquecer de pensamentos novos e excitantes." - Magritte.

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Clouds, pipes, bowler hats, and green apples: these remain some of the most immediately recognizable icons of René Magritte, the Belgian painter and well-known Surrealist. He produced a body of work that rendered such commonplace things strange, slotting them into unfamiliar or uncanny scenes, or deliberately mislabeling them in order to "make the most everyday objects shriek aloud." With his pictorial and linguistic puzzles, Magritte made the familiar disturbing and strange, posing questions about the nature of representation and reality.

Magritte began his career as a graphic artist and quasi-abstract painter, but his work underwent a transformation in 1926, when he began to reinvent himself as a figurative artist. A key canvas in this project was The Menaced Assassin, his largest and most densely populated painting to date. Completed in 1927 and included in the artist's first solo exhibition, at the Galerie Le Centaure in Brussels, it helped launch his career as a Surrealist painter whose interest in severing the links between surface and essence would remain a constant. Painted in the deadpan style that would become his hallmark, each figure appears as though in a state of suspended animation: a naked female corpse with blood at the mouth lies on a red chaise longue, while a suited man nearby listens to a phonograph. Two men in bowler hats flank the doorway, and three male heads hover outside the rear window. Cinematic in its staging, the scene suggests a menacing narrative, but the specifics remain elusive, the visual details hard to reconcile into a single, coherent storyline.

In September 1927, Magritte moved to Paris to be closer to the French Surrealist group. His three years there would be the most prolific of his life. Surrealism, a movement led by André Breton, sought to liberate the mind by subverting rational thought and giving free rein to the unconscious. Until the late 1920s, Surrealist painting had tended toward a style of biomorphic abstraction, often achieved through automatic techniques supposedly outside the artist's conscious control, as advocated by Breton (and seen, for instance, in André Masson's free application of gesso and sand in Battle of Fishes). Magritte, by contrast, pursued a figurative style that, in his words, "challenge[d] the real world" through a naturalistic and highly detailed depiction of ordinary objects and subjects.

A signal development of Magritte's time in Paris was his word-paintings, in which he sought to investigate the relationship between text and image, often breaking apart well-worn connections between the two. One such work, The Palace of Curtains, III, presents viewers with two representations of the sky: on the left, a shard of atmospheric blue; on the right, the corresponding noun, ciel (French for sky), written in the artist's neat, firm script. Magritte thus divided a single concept into two, cleaving its visual and verbal signs into discrete, self-contained panels. Image and language interrupt one another, challenging artistic conventions of representation and urging viewers to ask which, if either, is more "real" than the other. With The False Mirror, Magritte posed a similar puzzle about observation. Here, an enormous eye fills the canvas, its iris a powder-blue sky dotted with clouds, its pupil a jet-black dot. The eye looks at the viewer, while the viewer looks both at and through the eye, as through a window, becoming both observer and observed.

Magritte reimagined painting as a critical tool that could challenge perception and engage the viewer's mind. His was a method of severing objects from their names, revealing language to be an artifice-full of traps and uncertainties.

Note: The opening quote is from "Foreword," in René Magritte, 1898-1967, ed. Gisèle Ollinger-Zinque and Frederik Leen (Ghent: Ludion, 2005), p. 11.

Natalie Dupêcher, independent scholar, 2017

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Rene Magritte Paintings, Prints & Artwork

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Learn more about the career of famous Surrealist artist, Rene Magritte. Find a gallery of famous Magritte paintings.

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1928 - Paris, France.
Oil on canvas.
Localização:  Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City.
54 x 80.9 cm.

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1933 - Brussels, Belgium.
Oil on canvas.
Localização: Coleção privada.
41 x 33 cm.

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1928 - Paris, France.
Oil on canvas.
Localização: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City.
54 x 73.4 cm.

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1953 - Brussels, Belgium.
Oil on canvas.
Localização:  Menil Collection, Houston, TX, US
100 x 81 cm

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 La Trahison Des Images (Ceci n'est pas une pipe).

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 La Trahison Des Images (Ceci n'est pas une pipe).

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1928 - 1929; Brussels, Belgium.
Oil on canvas.
Localização: Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Los Angeles.
63.5 x 93.98 cm.

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1964 - Belgium.

Oil on canvas.
Localização: Coleção privada.
116 x 89 cm.

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Rene Magritte was an internationally acclaimed surrealist artist of all time, yet it was not until his 50s, when he was finally able to reach some form of fame and recognition for his work. Rene Magritte described his paintings saying, "My painting is visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, when one sees one of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, 'What does that mean?' It does not mean anything, because mystery means nothing, it is unknowable."

Rene Magritte was born in 1898, to a wealthy manufacturer father. In 1912, his mom was found drowned in the River Sambre. She had committed suicide, and the family was publicly humiliated because of it. From 1916 to 1918, Rene decided to study at the Academie des Beaux-Art, which was located in Brussels. He left the school, because he thought that it was a waste of time. All his paintings afterward reflect cubism, the movements which were introduced by Pablo Picasso and was very popular at the time. In 1922 he married Georgette, and took a number of small jobs, including painting cabbage roses for a wallpaper company, in order to be able to pay the bills.

During the early period of his career, shortly following his marriage, Rene Magritte would spend the free time that he had, creating art forms and worked on a number of pieces; it was during this time period that he realized surrealism was the art form which he most enjoyed. The Menaced Assassin was one of his earliest pieces in 1926, which showcased the surrealist style which he had been working on; The Lost Jockey was another piece that he introduced in 1925, which also showcased this art form. Over the course of his career, he produced a number of variants on this piece, and changed the format to recreate what the viewer was experiencing.

In 1927, Rene Magritte had his first one-man show, which took place at the Galerie la Centauri in Brussels. During this period of his life, he was producing nearly one piece of art work each day, which made for an extensive showing, and a variety of unique styles for visitors of the exhibit to see. But critics heaped abuse on the exhibition. Depressed by the failure, he moved to Paris.

In 1920s, influenced by the writings of psychologist Sigmund Freud, the literary, intellectual, and artistic movement called Surrealism sought a revolution against the constraints of the rational mind; and by extension, they saw the rules of a society as oppressive. Surrealism also embraces a Marxist ideology that demands an orthodox approach to history as a product of the material interaction of collective interests, and many renowned Surrealism artists, later on, became 20th-century Counterculture symbols such as Marxist Che Guevara.

After moving to Paris, Rene Magritte became friends with artist Andre Breton, the founder of Surrealism, and became a leading figure in the visual Surrealist movement. In about the same time, influenced by de Chirico's paintings between 1910 and 1920, Magritte start to paint erotically explicit objects juxtaposed in dreamlike surroundings. His works defined a split between the visual automatism fostered by Joan Miro and a new form of illusionistic Surrealism practiced by the Spaniard Salvador Dali.

Everything we see hides another thing, we always want to see what is hidden by what we see. "

- Rene Magritte

To Magritte, what is concealed is more important than what is open to view: this was true both of his own fears and of his manner of depicting the mysterious. If he wrapped a body in linen, if he spread curtains or wall-hangings, if he concealed heads under hoods, then it was not so much to hide as to achieve an effect of alienation. He employed this technique at a very early stage, for example, The Invention of Life, The Lover, and The Central Story, these are certainly his major works.

During the German occupation of Belgium in World War II, Magritte remained in Brussels, which led to a break with fellow artist Andre Breton. After the fallout with Breton, Rene Magritte briefly adopted a colorful, painterly style in 1943-44, an interlude known as his " Renoir Period", as a reaction to his feelings of alienation and abandonment that came with living in German-occupied Belgium. During this time, Magritte supported himself through the production of fake paintings of Vincent van Gogh, Picasso, and Cezanne - this venture was later taken over by his brother Paul Magritte.

Rene Magritte stayed in Brussels for the remainder of his life. During the majority of his career, his work followed a surrealist style, and he very rarely, if ever, strayed away from this form. Much of the work he created depicted similar scenes, and recurring themes. Some of his favorites were floating rocks, or creating a painting within a painting, and he also used many inanimate objects, within a human figure, creating the distinct styles which other artists did not.

During the course of his career, Rene Magritte would also use famous paintings, which were created by other artists, to put his own surrealist twist on it. One of the works he did, was to recreate The Balcony (a piece after the masterpiece of the same name, by Edouard Manet ), and in this piece he replaced the figures that were in the image, with coffins. This, was one way for Magritte to showcase his style, and to create a unique design, forcing viewers of his pieces, to look outside of the norm, and focus on the distinctive features which were not originally present.

If the dream is a translation of waking life, waking life is also a translation of the dream. "

- Rene Magritte

Along the similar lines, and with a focus on the surrealist style which he stayed true to, during his career, Rene Magritte began to work on sculptures at a later part of his career as well. He had a playful and provocative sense of humor, which worked in many of the pieces which he created, and which became some of his most well-known pieces throughout the course of his career. One such example of this is the series of pipe paintings which he created. The fascination he had with a paradoxical world, is clearly seen when you view the entire series as a whole piece, rather than viewing the images on their own.

Although in recent years many of the works created by Rene Magritte have been on exhibit, during the course of his career he also had certain features exhibited in Brussels, as well as around the world. In 1936, one exhibit was held in New York City, and following this, two retrospective exhibits were also held. One was in 1965, at the Museum of Modern Art, and a second was held in 1992, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Not only were a number of artists intrigued by, and influenced by the work Rene Magritte created, but popular culture, and the art world in general, were extremely influenced by his creative, and unique ability to take something so ordinary, yet make viewers of his pieces see something completely different. His ability to present figures in a suggestive, yet questioning manner, made his work extremely desirable, especially during the 1960s. In fact, much of his work has been plagiarized and used in books, print ads, and other manners, due to the distinct style, and the inability of artists to create in a similar manner.

Although he died in 1967, of pancreatic cancer, much of the work of Rene Magritte is still on display today, in his hometown, and around the world. Not only did he introduce a new style, but he was also a leader in the surrealist style. Along with Dali's Persistence of Memory, Magritte's masterpieces The Son of Man and The Treachery of Images become the iconic images of the Surrealism movement. Magritte brought an entirely new way of looking at art, with the paintings, as well as some of the sculptures which he created, during the course of his career.

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Rene Magritte: 100 Famous Paintings Analysis, Complete Works, & Bio

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Rene Magritte was an internationally acclaimed surrealist artist of all time, yet it was not until his 50s, when he was finally able to reach some form of fame and recognition for his work.