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This branch of education was a part of a "bigger" socio-political movement dealing with the general reform that was characterized by American Life in the late 19th and early 20th century

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Theory of Education came about as a "definite reaction" against the traditional educational system in which placed an emphasis on formal methods of instruction, mental learning, and the literacy classics of Western civilization.

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John Dewey

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Sigmund Freud

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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Dewey was one of the major intellectual influences in order to get this branch of education up and running. Pragmatism tends to be seen as a main influence in progressive education theory.

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Frued (Psycho Theory) wanted to argue that children needed to have more expression and a more of an opened learning environment.

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Rousseau's Emile (1762) brought to light the need for establishing learning goals or curriculum for children, teachers and school. However, his driving force was the children.

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Progressive Theory of Education became the dominant theory during the 1920's-1950's

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Crew of educators that came out with ground breaking theories to be applied to school practices:
- Carlton Washburne
- William Kilpatrick
- Harold Rugg
- George Counts
- Boyd Bode
- John Child

These all were instrumental in progressive thinking.

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Wanted to move away from the Authoritarian teaching where the teacher is the one making all of the decisions.

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Shift from having an over reliance on textbooks method of instruction.

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Textbooks used more as supplemental resource rather than primary source

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Change from passive learning instead of having the students learn material through memorization of info and factual data to active learning

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Old school way of thinking where learning should only be done within the 4 walls of the classroom and kept separate and isolated from society

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Progressivism did not like traditional education where teachers used a fear or physical based punishments as a form of discipline.

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The process of education finds it genesis and purpose in the child. In other words, the child is at the center of everything involving their educational journey

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Students should be active instead of passive learners

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Teacher's role shifts from being lecture based to them acting more as a guide, fellow adventure/traveler and facilitator

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Learning is hands on and allows for students to explore and be creative: STEAM and STEM focus

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Students learn best when teachers (and school) focus on the whole child because this takes into account their thoughts, feelings, needs, and desires.

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Children are naturally curious and have this natural desire to acquire knowledge.

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Teachers use students already natural born curiosity and desire to learn in order to help teach them practical life skills such as problem solving and critical thinking.

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Literacy Focus: Interactive Read Alouds

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With progressivisim, it has been found and proven that students learn best when they are interested in the given material as well as their teacher is being intentional about building a relationship with them.

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The school is a microcosm of a larger society where students begin to see that the materials being taught, learning and knowledge being acquired is all purposeful and intentional as it prepares them for the society outside of the classroom walls.

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Classroom activities should be focused on problem solving (real world application) rather than on artificial methods of teaching subject matter

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Progressivism claims that knowledge is an instrument for managing experiences

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The social atmosphere of the school should be cooperatibe and democratic