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Finish brain projects and prepare for exams

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Practice for diagram quiz/break down sleep stages.
-stage 1: feel like falling, beta, alpha, theta waves
-stage 2: deeper sleep (spindles), theta waves
-stage 3: Growth hormones, rejuvenation, delta waves
-stage 4: growth hormones, rejuvenation, possible sleep walking/talking, longer/slower delta waves
-REM- rapid eye movement, most dreaming, increased heart rate

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Explain the difference between the 2 hemispheres and begin sleep
-there is no scientific explanation for why we sleep. But from his reasoning, we sleep to help with growth, to recuperate, and mainly to recharge our brain.
-REM a recurring sleep stage where the brain is buzzing with activity even when you're in deep sleep
-REM = Rapid Eye Movement
-NREM1- falling asleep, stage where you can feel falling
-NREM2- sleep spindles
-NREM3- fragmentary
-REM- deep sleep
-One sleep cycle is 90 minutes:
1 2 3 4 3 2 1 REM
-REM gets longer, the longer you sleep. Deep sleep is stage 3 and 4, they go away the longer you sleep.  Best time to wake up is stage 1
-Insomnia- difficulty or inability to fall asleep
-Narcolepsy- sleep attacks and the tendency to fall asleep
-Sleep Apnea- causes sleepers to stop breathing
-Night terrors- cause horrors in night during stage 3. Usually happens to younger kids
- The average person spends about six years of their lives dreaming
-We dream during the REM stage of sleep. Also called paradoxical sleep
-manifest content is the actual dream itself. The latent content is whatever the manifest is supposed to mean

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Understand a split brain person (Joe) by Craczaniga
-To help the seizures, they sever the Corpus Collosum which connects the left and right hemispheres and sends messages between the two
- The left hemisphere of your brain controls the right side of your body and the things you see out of the right side are registered to the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body and the things you see out of the left eye are registered in the right hemisphere.
-The left hemisphere almost exclusively controls speech
-He can point to what you see in the right brain, and can't explain correctly why he picked the right one.
-The desire to explain (logic) is in the left hemisphere
-The ability to recognize faces is located in the right brain
-I would rather live without my right hemisphere because my left enables thought and logic and speech and I'm more logical and the left helps me with that.

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Understand the endocrine system and influence of drugs on the body
-Cocaine stays on dopamine receptors and instigates the part of the brain responsible for voluntary movements which is why abusers have a hard time sitting still and are fidgety.
-Marijuana- the THC mimics the anandamide and binds to cannabinoid receptors and allows for the release of dopamine. It doesn't disintegrate as fast as the anandamide which is why it prolongs the feeling and makes people feel high
-Ecstasy- mimics serotonin and is taken up by serotonin transporters. This confuses the transporters which then start to transport serotonin out of the cells. The serotonin becomes stuck and binds over and over again to the receptors, overstimulating the cell. Ecstasy effects pathways responsible for mood, sleep, perception and appetite.
-Heroin mimics natural opiates and turns off dopamine inhibitors, allowing dopamine to flood into the synapse and provide a high

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Understand the lobes of the brain with fruit
Grape fruit; brain with the different lobes.
orange- occipital lobe
red-parietal lobe
green- frontal lobe
yellow- temporal lobe
green/yellow worm- motor cortex
red/blue worm- sensory cortex
Reflect: using evidence for the function of the frontal lobe, what does it mean to be human?
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Understand the parts of the hindbrain with broccoli
-worms: reticular formation- controls alertness and arousal and sends signals through the brain
-red gummy: cerebellum- controls motor skills
-white gummy: medulla- controls heart rate and breathing. Sits on top of the brainstem
Central Nervous system includes the spinal cord and the brain

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Creating brain injury skits with WeVideo
-lateral hypothalamus: controls hunger, when damaged you don't feel hungry
-ventra

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I can identify the different parts of the brain: on brain profile packet
Neuron:
message- dendrite-cell body-axon-terminal branch (axon terminal)- terminal button- synaptic gap
QOD: How does the findings of Jim's scan and the mind reading discovery help answer theoretical questions in ways that existing measures cannot?
-he says it is a combination of the MAOA gene and the environment
- on the x chromosome, from the mother; that's why mostly men are psychopathic killers
- too much cerotonin
-seeing violence in real life before hitting puberty, along with the gene can lead psychopathic tendencies.
-after several generations, this could concentrate the gene to one place

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Identify the different brain imaging techniques:
x-ray
CT scan
MRI
PET scan
fMRI
EEG

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Identify the different types of neurotransmitters and be ready for my neuron quiz tomorrow:
Types of Neurotransmitters:
-Acetylcholine; excitatory, movement, arousal, attention, memory, too much: spasms
too little: paralysis
-Dopamine: inhibitory or excitatory, emotions and pleasure, involuntary movements,
too much: schizophrenia
too little: parkinson's
- Serotonin: inhibitory, activity levels, sleep mood, eating
too much: euphoria, muscle twitching
too little: sleeplessness, depression
Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)- prozac, zoloft- force neurotransmitters to stay and not come back
- Norepinephrine: ecitatory, arousal, wakefulness, learning, memory
too much: arousal and anxiety
too little: memory impairment, depression
-Endorphins: inhibitory, inhibits pain message
too much: no pain
too little: increase in pain
- GABA (gamma amino-butyric acid): inhibits neurons from firing, increases sleep and relaxation
too much: shortness of breath
too little: anxiety, seizures
All of None: the neuron either fires or does not fire, has to have enough of an action potential.
ready to fire- polarized, when it fires- depolarized
-Agonist molecule- mimics a neurotransmitter, fitting into the receptor site and exciting the site (like morphine)
-Antagonist molecule- fits into the receptor site but is not similar enough to stimulate it. Instead it blocks or inhibits teh function of that neurotransmitter receptor (Botulin, a poison that paralyzes you by blocking ACH receptors involved in muscle movement)

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I can Understand the process of neurotransmission and parts of  a neuron.
Neurons- nerve cells; the basic building block of the nervous system
Dendrite- a neurono's bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
Axon- the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscle glands.

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I can Understand reassessment procedures and addiction perspectives:
Drug abuse and addiction are caused by both biological and environmental factors. Addiction can be seen as a defect in the hedonic system which controls pleasure. Environmental factors such as domination can cause people to seek out control or a release and turn to drugs. Also, peer pressure or early exposure to drugs act as triggers to take drugs as well.