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Brennan, Alex, Bailey, Justin, Allen, A Reform Caucus in Action

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Brennan, Alex, Bailey, Justin, Allen, A Reform Caucus in Action

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-Philadelphia Convention
-Nationalistic
-Aristocratic
-Constitutionalists
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This explains who the Federalists were and what their strengths and weaknesses are. Then it explains what the plan was to push this plan of a constitution under the AOC. Then it explains how the constitution succeed by exposing the weaknesses of the articles and making compromise.

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Emily Waning, Sam Pankratz, Phil Marquardt, CJ Bryant, Carly Segar

Key Terms
-James Madison: Drafted the Virginia Plan
-The VIrginia Plan: proposal for a bicameral legislative branch. two brances with representatives based on population.
-The New Jersey Plan: Created in response to the virginia plan. Equal representatives per state.
-The Hamilton Plan: contemplated an elected monarch for life.
-Paterson: Main spokesperson for the new jersey plan.

Key Quotes
- "It is true that the New Jersey Plan put the states back into the insitutional picture, but no one could argue that to do so was a recognition of political reality rather than an affirmation of states' rights"
- "...the Hamilton Plan contemplated an elected life monarch, virtually free of public control..."
- Paterson's position was one of favoring a strong central gov. in principle, but opposing one which in fact put the big states in the saddle"
- Pateson was prepared to accept a strong unified central government along the lines of the Virginia Plan if the existing states were eliminated

Summary
- This section of the article is about whether or not the Virginia or New Jersey systems would support states' rights and the general government. As well as Paterson's and Madisons positions on the issues of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.

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Abigail Graffenius, Emma Meyer, Olivia Miller, Isabella Najera, Andrea Patterson, Mathilda Smith
Key Terms:
Ratification-  making a contract, treaty, or agreement official by signing and giving consent
Jurisdiction- having the power to officially make legal decisions and judgements
Ammendment- a minor change in a document
Quotes:
"...within eight months after the delegates set their names to the document, eight states had ratified" (Roche 27).
"Thus they settled on a position expressiong qualified approval but calling for a second Convention to remedy various defects (the one with the most demagogic appeal was the lack of a Bill of Rights)" (Roche 26).
"...courts could hardly determine when "the seperate States are incompetent or... the harmony of the United States may be interrupted"; the national legislature, as the critics pointed out, was free to define its own jurisdiction" (Roche 25).
Summary:
Roche talks about the development and changing of the Constitution, for example the process of making amendments and arguments that had occured in order to finally get the Constitution ratified.

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The Issues of Executive Election and the Three-Fifths Compromise

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The Issues of Executive Election and the Three-Fifths Compromise

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Cooper Clark, Luke Reuter, Zander Ventura, Maria Laskowski

Key Terms:
Electoral College - a group of people elected to select the government. This was the compromise for executive elections
The Brearly Commmittee of Postponed Matters - collection of minds to create compromises required for the government to function
Three-Fifths Compromise - three fifths of slaves are counted in representation and direct taxation
Tariff of Abominations - tariff that upset southerners as it put additional taxes on their goods

Quotes:
"One group felt that the states should have a hand in the process; another small but influential circle urged direct election by the people,"
"(the electoral college) was merely a jerry-rigged improvisation which has subsequently been endowed with a high theoretical content,"
"the Fathers would be startled to find the college still in operation,"
"The Three-Fifths Compromise, the three-fifths of the slaves would be counted both for representation and for the purpose of direct taxation,"
"the South needed protection from the imperialism of the Northern states,"

Summary:
The constitution was filled with compromises on specific issues. Executive elections were compromised on by creating the Electoral College, and counting slaves for elections and taxation by the Three-Fifths Compromise.

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Maddie Stephens, Michelle Brown, Lillie Hoose, Ethan Benedict, Alicia Delgado, Mariam Alshourbagy

Key Terms:
Virginia Plan - Proposed a legislature composed of two houses with proportional representation from the population of the states
Federalism - A system of government in which a central government is combined with state governments
Sixth Resolution - Granted Congress the ability to disallow state legislation

Key Quotes:
"Federalism... was an improvisation which was later promoted into a political theory"
"The Virginia Plan envisioned a unitary national government effectively freed from and dominant over the states"
"the Constitutionalists were in quest of a qualitative as well as a quantitative consensus"

Summary:
James Madison proposed the Virginia Plan, which would have representation based on population and a powerful central government, limiting power of states. However, small states feared a deprivation of power.

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Remi Beaufils, Will Rossow, Adrien Thrum, Jake Trivedi, Carter Welch
Key Terms:
- The Virginia Plan - Representation based on state population, argued for a unicameral chamber
- The New Jersey Plan - Equal representation in Congress per state
- Connecticut Compromise - the compromise that founded a bicameral congress and propelled the Constitution forward
- "'The great difficulty,' he observed, 'lies in the affair of Representation; and if this could be adjusted, all others would be surmountable,'"
- "Moreover, nobody bolted the Convention: Paterson and his colleagues took their defeat in stride and set to work to modify the Virginia Plan, particularly with respect to its provisions on representation in the national legislature,"
- "the critical fight was over representation of the states and once the Connecticut Compromise was adopted on July 17, the Convention was over the hump,"
- "once the compromise had carried (by five states to four, with one state divided), its advocates threw themselves vigorously into the job of strengthening the general government's substantive powers,"

Summary: While small states wanted equal representation, large states wanted representation based on population. The Connecticut Compromise set up a bicameral Congress that merged both plans and expedited the Constitution's ratification.

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Roche Reading Assignment: The Founding Fathers

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Roche Reading Assignment: The Founding Fathers

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1. There are 7 sections in the reading (the intro and section 1 are together)

2.  Each of you will join a group of 5 people

3.  Put your name at the top of the Roche article. Each member will read their assigned section.  Underline the most important pieces of the text and highlight any confusion you may have. This will be turned in.

4. Each group will have a Padlet entry (https://goo.gl/6fmDqM) which must have the following items:
a. A title for your section

b. A list of any key terms

c.  A list of at least 3-4 key quotes from your section detailing the major
thoughts from that section (in essence you’re explaining the title)
d. An exactly 30 word summary for the section.

5.  Now individually each of you go to
https://goo.gl/forms/8LnJ9vzA9QG5AIs42

6.  Complete each of the questions completely and accurately.