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TMEME 1                              Map  of myBioArea_GR 

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TMEME 1                              Map  of myBioArea_GR 

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Welcome to a very interesting greek island. Welcome to   Samothraki
The island is mostly mountainous and remains one of the last truly virgin islands of Greece. Small picturesque villages, physical beauty, forests coupled with Mediterranean vegetation and running water, and virgin shores, compose an especially impressive landscape and an ideal destination for nature lovers.

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TMEME 1
Map and info of my BioArea
Samothraki island

http://samothraki-observatory.hcmr.gr/gallery/flora/

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TMEME 1                          Abiotic characteristics - Geology -climate

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TMEME 1                          Abiotic characteristics - Geology -climate

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The island is geologically complex, consisting chiefly of ancient granites, clayey deposits, and softer volcanic materials.

Located in the northern part of Greece, Samothraki has a colder climate than most of the other islands. Winter has low temperatures and rainfalls. Degrees rise in April and springtime is mild and sunny. Summer is hot, but temperatures do not rise as high as in the Cyclades islands.

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TMEME 1      Biotic characteristics of BioArea 

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TMEME 1      Biotic characteristics of BioArea 

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The high ecological value of the island’s natural ecosystems and landscapes is ranking to international standards and for that reason a large part of the terrestrial territory, most of it uninhabited by humans (almost 54% of the total surface, all the area above the 200m isoclines), has been included in the European NATURA 2000 (Habitat Directive 92/43/EEC) network characterized as Site of Community Importance (SCIs) with the code GR1110004.

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TMEME 1      Biotic characteristics of BioArea

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Does your BioArea belong to a biodiversity hotspot area?

Since one of the 35 hotspots areas is  the Mediterranean basin is Greece and Samothraki belongs in it, I assume that  Samothraki as a greek island  belongs to  this biodiversity hotspot area.

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Candidacy for Samothraki as a MAB Reserve.

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Candidacy for Samothraki as a MAB Reserve.

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The island of Samothraki is considered a candidate for a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme.
Biosphere Reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems, or a combination thereof, which are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO's Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB)

They are established to promote and demonstrate a balanced relationship between humans and the biosphere.

Biosphere Reserves are designated by the International Coordinating Council of the MAB Programme at the request of the State concerned..

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Some Photos of fauna and flora of myBioArea

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Some Photos of fauna and flora of myBioArea

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trophic pyramid

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TMEME 2                               Two examples of animals with a predator-prey relation

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TMEME 2                               Two examples of animals with a predator-prey relation

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Golden Eagle - Capra aegagrus

The Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos is one of the most numerous and widespread eagles in the world. Its distribution extends across the Holartic region with major concentrations in the Eastern Palearctic and North America. Its typical habitat is mountainous regions with low vegetation and suitable cliffs for breeding or wooded peat lands where it nests mainly in trees. In Northern Europe the species’ main prey are tetraonids and carrion but across the Mediterranean countries hares, partridges and tortoises constitute the major part of its diet

In Greece the Golden Eagle was widespread during the 19th century and the first half of this century over the entire mainland and on many islands both in the Aegean and the Ionian sea. According to the literature Greece harbours two subspecies: Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos in the continental areas and Aquila chrysaetos homeyeri in Crete (Cramp and Simmons 1989).

FOOD HABITS : The golden eagle feeds primarily on mammals.  It feeds mainly on lagomorphs and small rodents, but also on marmots (Marmota spp.),prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), ground squirrels (Spermophilus spp.), weasels (Mustela spp.), woodrats (Neotoma spp.), skunks, mice, and rarely, large mammals.  The golden eagle also eats grouse, pheasants(Phasianus spp.), owls, hawks, rock dove (Columba livia), magpies (Pica

spp.), and other birds as well as rattlesnakes, frogs, carrion, and occasionally, fish.

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Aquila_chrysaetos/

Carpa aegagrus

The wild goat (Capra aegagrus) is a widespread species  of  goat  with a distribution ranging from Europe and Asia Mnor to Central Asia and Midlle East.It has been listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1996. It is considered the ancestor of the domestic goat.

https://www.arkive.org/wild-goat/capra-aegagrus/image-G60267.html

Golden Eagle - Lepus europeus
Lepus europaeus
The European hare (Lepus europaeus), also known as the brown hare, is a species of hare native to Europe and parts of Asia. It is among the largest hare species and is adapted to temperate, open country. Hares are herbivorous and feed mainly on grasses and herbs, supplementing these with twigs, buds, bark and field crops, particularly in winter. Their natural predators include large birds of prey, canids and felids. They rely on high-speed endurance running to escape predation, having long, powerful limbs and large nostrils.

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Theme 2                                  Two parasitic organisms 

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Theme 2                                  Two parasitic organisms 

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Formica sanguinea  or blood-red ant  is one of the wood ant species, the slave-making ant (Formica sanguinea). it  is a social parasite. After entering the nest of smaller ant species such as Formica fusca, the queen slave-maker kills the host queen and 'enslaves' the hatching workers to care for her own offspring.

https://youtu.be/ouSHS1NJXUM

Some genera of Nematodes as., Parapharyngodon sp. often parasite on common  lizard Padarcis erhasdii.
Both of these organisms are found  in ecosystems of Samothraki

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https://www.hbw.com/ibc/species/golden-eagle-aquila-chrysaetos

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THEME 2                                  two organisms that share the same food (niche partitioning)

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THEME 2                                  two organisms that share the same food (niche partitioning)

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In  Samothraki have been observed  more than 100 taxa of birds, among them the black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus)   and the little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius) who share the same food . Himantopous himantopus  is a widely distributed very long-legged wader in the avocet and stilt family (Recurvirostridae). The breeding habitat of all these stilts is marshes, shallow lakes and ponds. These birds pick up their food from sand or water. They mainly eat insects and crustaceans.

The little ringed plover (Charadrius dubius) is a small plover. Their breeding habitat is open gravel areas near freshwater, including gravel pits, islands and river edges in Eurasia and northwestern Africa. They nest on the ground on stones with little or no plant growth. Both males and females take turns incubating the eggs.

They are migratory and winter in Africa. These birds forage for food on muddy areas, usually by sight. They eat insects and worms.

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THEME 2

Come up with possible reasons for the decision to reintroduce grey wolves into the National Park. From the three options below, select the reason you find most likely.

1.     The wolves were brought into the National Park because people, thanks to the extensive awareness campaign, were not afraid of them anymore.

2.     The wolves were brought in because they were the most exciting creatures for the visitors of the Park to see.

3.     The wolves were brought in because the increased elk population was overgrazing the deciduous, woody species such as aspen and cottonwood.

»   Post your answer to your padlet.

The correct answer refers to the 3rd statement-option

They were brought into the National Park  to manage the rising elk population, which had been overgrazing much of the park, but their effect went far beyond that. See links below.
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140128-how-wolves-saved-a-famous-park

https://www.yellowstonepark.com/things-to-do/wolf-reintroduction-changes-ecosystem

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Habitat loss, habitat fragmentation or habitat degradation in your BioArea

Wetlands are one of the island's most threatened ecosystems. Most are very small and directly connected to water run-off regimes that are gravely influenced by increased waters abstraction, barriers to fish movement, habitat degradation and general mis-management and careless under-appreciation of wetland values.

Fires and overgrazing are responsible for the degradation of the ecosystems.  Maquis is a community that extends its dominance over a wide area on the lower part of Samothraki and it is very sensitive to the wildfires. The history of grazing in this island has been characterized by too many animals grazing for too long period on insufficient area. Moreover, grazing seems to be the leading factor of coastal erosion. Trawling and drift net fishing could also be a serious threat to the conservation of sea birds. Illegal shooting, egg collecting and poisoning are the main threats that birds of prey face.

https://youtu.be/9h6jfppneO0

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Species of your BioArea that appear on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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Species of your BioArea that appear on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

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Wildlife overexploitation in Samothraki

There are so far, no evidence of wild life overeploitation in Samothraki island

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Possible invasions of alien species in your BioArea during the last decade.

According to  the list of the 100 worst invasive alien species in the world only the common cat Felis sylvestris catus is considered as an alien species in Samothraki

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Possible signs of climate change in the BioArea, such as weather extremes.

In the last decade, there have been recorded a number of severe weather phenomena with intense rainfalls and floodplains beyond the usual on the island. See the links below

https://www.keeptalkinggreece.com/2017/09/26/samothraki-storm/

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Βιβλικές καταστροφές στην Σαμοθράκη