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The music of variety of culture in Malaysia is intimately bound up with the daily lives and cultural traditions of the diverse ethnic cultures of Sabah. It can be found in many forms like ritual music (for birth, marriages, harvest festivals, deaths) love

music, battle songs, story telling songs, among others.

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KULINTANGAN (Idiofon)

Musical instruments include the kulintangan (an idiophone) and between seven and nine knobbed gongs suspended horizontally in a wooden frame. The kulintangan, providing the main melodic line, is played by women, together with suspended gongs and drums, the latter played by male musicians, either alone or in accompaniment to dance.

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This song is called "Sazau", played on the Kulintangan accompanied by gongs in the traditional style of Sabah (northeastern Borneo). Recorded 12/21/2014 at the fabulous Shangri-la Rasa Ria Resort near Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

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GABBANG

The gabbang (a wooden xylophone), normally of seventeen keys, is also played by women, either as a solo instrument or in accompaniment to singing and dancing.

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SUNDATANG (Chordophone)

A strummed lute made from nangka (jackfruit) wood. It has two, or sometimes three strings. Traditionally the strings were made from the giman plant. They are tuned by twisting pegs at the top of the instrument. Its music, soft and mystical, copies the melodies and rhythms of various dances. In Tambunan it was sometimes used to accompany the sedate sundatang magarang dance. It is often played as a solo instrument for personal entertainment, and many old instruments have become cherished heirloom, handed down from father to son. Some of the instruments have obtained a reputation of magical powers, as legends and myths surround them

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SUNDATANG (The Kadazan Traditional String Instrument)

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BUNGKAU (Free Aerophone)

This jaw’s harp is made from the outer skin of a palm known as polod among the Kadazandusuns. A skilful hand is needed to fashion a good one. The lamella in the centre is made to vibrate by striking the end of the instrument with the thumb. The vibrating strip makes very little sound by itself, but if held before the opened mouth, the player can gently magnify the sound by resonance. A wide range of frequencies can be obtained by varying the shape of the mouth and the position of the tongue. When not in use, it is usually encased in and attached to a bamboo tube to keep it clean and free from damage.

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SOMPOTON (Erofon)

Sompoton is definitely one of the most fascinating Sabahan instruments and one of Sabah’s most well-known among tourists and locals alike. Just look at the sompoton keychains and roundabout statue in Tambunan. People of Kadazan-Dusun and Murut ethnicity play this instrument during formal occasions as well as for personal entertainment. To make a sompoton, eight bamboo pipes are arranged in a double layered raft. A dried gourd, which will act as the wind chamber, is attached to it before it is sealed using beeswax. The sompoton works similarly to a bagpipe; you can hear a soft and sweet sound when you blow through the mouthpiece on the gourd.

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TOGUNGGAK’ (Idiofon)

Known as tagunggak amongst the Murut, togunggak amongst the Kadazandusun or ‘togunggu’ in Penampang, these struck bamboo idiophones are played in groups to accompany dancing or processions at festive occasions. One set comprises from six (togunggu’) to thirty (tagunggak) pieces, depending on the ethnic group. The music resembles that of the set of gongs of the particular group, with each idiophone tuned according to the corresponding gong part it plays.

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SAPE

Sape is originally a traditional music by Orang Ulu (Kayan, Kenyah and Kelabit). Nowadays, both the Iban as well as the Orang Ulu Kayan, Kenyah and Kelabit play an instrument resembling the guitar called Sape (instrument). Datun Jalut and Nganjak Lansan are the most common traditional dances performed in accordance with a sape tune. The Sape (instrument) is the official musical instrument for the Malaysian state of Sarawak. It is played similarly to the way rock guitarists play guitar solos, albeit a little slower, but not as slow as blues

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AGUNG ENSEMBLES

The Iban have a musical heritage consisting of various types of agung ensembles - percussion ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed gongs which act as drones without any accompanying melodic instrument. The typical Iban agung ensemble will include a set of engkerumungs (small agungs arranged together side by side and played like a xylophone), a tawak (the so-called 'bass'), a bendai (which acts as a snare) and also a set of ketebung or bedup (a single sided drum/percussion)

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GAMBANG

It is a xylophone-like instrument used among people of Indonesia and the southern of Philippines in gamelan (a traditional musical ensemble from Indonesia and Kulitang (an ancient instrumental form of music composed on a row of small, horizontally-laid gongs that function melodically) with wooden bars as opposed to the metallic ones of the more typical metallophones in a gamelan

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"Cinta" oleh Gambang Peranakan Nanfeng Nusantara.

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DONDANG SAYANG

This song usually sings in party or wedding by guests. Baba and Nyonya singer will exchange extemporaneous Malay Pantun (poetry) on the spot. While singing, they will dance in slowly. However, this required a quick wit and repartee to carry on the pantun (poetry). The dance normally accompanied by violin and Malay drums, if there are other available instruments they will also use it.

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KERONCONG (KERONG)

It is the name of a ukulele-type instrument and an Indonesian musical style that typically makes use of the "chrong-chrong-chrong" sound that comes from this instrument. The band or combo or ensemble (known as a keronchong orchestra) consists of a flute, a violin, a melody guitar, a cello in pizzicato style, string bass also in pizzicato, and a female or male singer.

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SITAR

Sitar is of the most popular music instruments of North India. The Sitar has a long neck with twenty metal frets and six to seven main cords. Below the frets of Sitar are thirteen sympathetic strings which are tuned to the notes of the Raga. A gourd, which acts as a resonator for the strings is at the lower end of the neck of the Sitar. The frets are moved up and down to adjust the notes

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TABLA

The Tabla consists of a pair of drums- the Tabla and the Bayan. The Tabla is made of wood and whereas its head is made of stretched animal skin. Finer tuning of Tabla is done by striking the rim of the Tabla with a small hammer. The Bayan is the bass drum and is usually made of metal with a stretched skin head. Both drums have a black spot in the center made of manganese or iron dust.

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Sounds of the Tabla - Demo | Shahbaz Hussain | Musical Wonders of India

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SARANGI

Sarangi is one of the most popular and oldest bowed instruments in India. The body of Sarangi is hollow and made of teak wood adorned with ivory inlays. Sarangi has forty strings of which thirty seven are sympathetic. The Sarangi is held in a vertical position and played with a bow. To play the Sarangi one has to press the fingernails of the left hand against the strings

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FLUTE

Flute is a simple cylindrical tube of uniform bore and associated with Indian music since time immemorial. Flutes vary in size. Flute is held horizontally and is inclined downwards when it is played. To produce sound or melody one has to cover the finger holes with the fingers of the left and right hand. Variations in pitch are produced by altering the effective length of the air column

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SAROD

Sarod has a small wooden body covered with skin and a fingerboard that is covered with steel. Sarod does not have a fret and has twenty-five strings of which fifteen are sympathetic strings. A metal gourd acts as a resonator. The strings are plucked with a triangular plectrum

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1. https://www.scribd.com/doc/15719189/Sabah-Traditional-Musical-Instruments

2. https://www.carrybeans.com/entertainment/sabah-traditional-musical-instruments/

3. http://kdca.org.my/about/hongkodkoisaan/musicalinstrument

4. https://www.flyingdusun.com/004_Features/043_instruments.htm

5. https://ibanology.wordpress.com/2013/07/13/ajat-enggau-gendang-iban-dances-and-music/

6. https://ibancustoms.wordpress.com/iban-history-in-brief/

7. https://www.peranakanlife.com/baba-nyonya-culture/music-entertainment

8. https://babanyonyaculture.wordpress.com/2016/08/13/baba-nyonya-traditional-dance-and-song/

9. https://prezi.com/va8rx0tjoghw/perenakan-instruments/

10. https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-music/music-instruments.html