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Study Shows:

The average person now spends more time each day on their phone and computer than they do sleeping.

The statistics all tell the same story: Social media are gaining in popularity every day.

The average time spent on social networks per day: 1.72 hours (in 2015).

The average number of hours a teenager spends online per week: 27 (2015).

Social media have become prominent parts of life for many young people today. Most people engage with social media without stopping to think what the effects are on our lives, whether positive or negative. Are we as a society becoming more concerned with Facebook "friends" than we are with the people we interact with face-to-face in our daily lives? What will the longterm effects of today's social media use be?

There are many positive aspects, but there are equally as many dangers that come with the use of sites such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Google +, Tumblr, Instagram, gaming sites, and blogs. In order to make the right choices, we must dig in and research this topic thoroughly.

How Much Time Per Day Do You Spend On Social Media?

What are the positive aspects of engaging in social media?

The positives of social media:
Education:

Teachers are able to easily collaborate and communicate with students and one another.

Students have easy, free access to resources online to help them learn.

Grades improve and absenteeism is reduced.

59% of student users report that they use social networking to discuss educational topics and 50% use the sites to talk about school assignments.

Politics:

Voter participation is increased. Facebook users said they are more likely to vote if they see that their online friends did. During the elections of 2010, users who visited Facebook more than once a day were 2.5 times more likely to attend a political rally or meeting and 43% more likely to say they will vote.

Social media facilitates political change: Online networks give social movements a quick, cheap method of disseminating information and mobilizing people.

Awareness/Being Informed:

27.8% of Americans get their news online. (28.8% get it from newspapers and 18.8% from radio.)

Information spreads faster online than any other media. More than 50% learn about breaking news on social media.

Social networking provides academic research to everyone with online access, allowing people access to previously unavailable resources.

Social media sites inform and empower individuals to change themselves and their communities.

Social Benefits:

Social media allow people to communicate with friends and this increased online communication strengthens those relationships. 52% of online teens say social media have helped their friendships. 88% say being online helps them stay in touch with friends they don't see regularly.

People make new friends. 57% online teens report making new friends online.

Job Opportunities:

Great for professionals for marketing, connecting, and finding business opportunities.

Employers find employees and unemployed find work. 89% of job recruiters have hired via LinkedIn, 26% via Facebook, and 15% via Twitter.

Social media sites have created thousands of jobs and new avenues of income.

The Expectation of Fame and the Importance of Being "Liked"

What are the negative aspects of engaging in social media?

The negatives of social media:
A Detriment to Work and/or School:

Enables cheating on school assignments.

While grades did improve for light users, the grades of students who are heavy users of social media tend to suffer. One study shows that student users have an average GPA of 3.06 while non-users have an average GPA of 3.82.

For every 93 minutes over the average 106 minutes spent on Facebook daily, college students' grades dropped .12 points.

Another study showed that students who went online while studying scored 20% lower on tests.

Possible negative effects on college admission: 35% of admissions officers scan prospective students' social media and report discovering information that affects their admissions decision.

Social networking sites harm employees' productivity. 51% of users aged 25-34 checked social media at work.

Using social media can harm employment and prospects. Job recruiters check a prospective employee's social media accounts, and things like profanity, poor spelling or grammar, racism, sexism, poor health, references to alcohol or drugs, and sexual and religious content can all count against you.

Lack of Privacy:

People, especially the young, are often too open and public with personal information when online. Most don't read privacy policies and may be unaware that their information may be used by third parties, like advertisers, insurance companies, and the IRS. 21% of teens believe it is safe and harmless to post personal information, including photos.

Exposure to corporate and governmental intrusions. The US Justice Department intercepts thousands of pieces of information from email and social networking activity per year.

The IRS trains agents to scan social media for information that can help them resolve taxpayer cases.

Insurance companies use information gleaned from social media, as well. If you have "liked" a medical-related page or a post about a health condition, that information is sometimes used by insurance companies to determine eligibility and raise rates.

Online advertising policies are an invasion of privacy. If you "like" a brand, you're giving that company access to your personal information.

Users Vulnerable to Crime:

Social networking sites allow hate groups to recruit and distribute propaganda online.

Unauthorized sharing and copyright infringement threatens intellectual property and causes loss of income.

Security attacks such as hacking, identity theft, phishing scams, and viruses are common online. 68% of users share their real birth date, 63% share the name of their high school, 18% share their phone number, 12% share a pet's name: This information might be used in identity theft.

Criminals use social media to commit crimes. Robbers know when you're away from your home on vacation and stalkers get information about your whereabouts via social media.

Sexual predators find, stalk, and assault victims through social media.

Sexting (texting sexual content) can be a big problem. When teens post sexy photos or comments online, it can lead to criminal charges and child pornography. 88% of "private" sexual images posted to social media are stolen and publicly posted on porn sites without the subject's knowledge.

Security attacks such as hacking, identity theft, and viruses and exposure to phishing scams are common via social media.

Social Detriments:

Cyber-bullying (the use of electronic communication to bully someone, usually by sending intimidating or threatening messages) is commonplace online, causes emotional trauma, and sometimes even leads to suicide. 49.5% of students reported victimization by bullying online and 33.7% admitted to online bullying. A 2012 study found that at least 800,000 minors had been harassed on Facebook. Middle school children who experienced cyberbullying were almost twice as likely to try to kill themselves.

According to one report, 15% of adult users said that something that happened online caused a friendship to end. 12% of adult users said something that happened online caused a face-to-face argument, and for 3% of adults it turned into a physical confrontation.

Extensive online engagement is correlated with personality and brain disorders like poor social skills, ADHD, narcissistic tendencies, a need for instant gratification, and addictive behaviors and other emotional distress like depression, anxiety, and loneliness.

Less time for face-to-face interaction with loved ones. 47% of 18-34-year-old users reported using social media or texting during meals. 10% of people younger than 25 reported checking their phones and social media during sex.

Children at higher risk for depression, low self-esteem, and eating disorders and more prone to feeling isolated and disconnected (especially youth with disabilities).

Misinformation:

Enables the spread of false rumors and unreliable information: 49.1% of users have read false news on social media.

Encourages amateur medical advice and self-diagnosis of health problems, which can be dangerous and life-threatening.

Advertising:

Studies have shown that sites such as Facebook influence you, via advertisements, to spend more money.

Advertisers gain all kinds of personal information about you via your social media, information they use to persuade you to buy their product.

A Waste of Time:

When alerted to a new post or tweet, it takes about 20 to 25 minutes for the average user to return to their original task. 30% of the time it takes two hours for the user to return to their original task.

What Is Your Opinion About Social Media?

The Bottom Line: Are Social Media Taking Over?

Paradoxically, social media sites can make us not only more capable but also more inept. We sometimes share too much with too many, and we have to be conscious of that. Overall, we have to be careful and caution when approaching these things.

In this day and age, we are pressured 10 different ways as far as our beliefs and opinions are concerned. Are having our own thoughts or are we so influenced by external phenomenon that we believe everything we see online?

In many cases it is clear that social media have become not only part of people's lives but the things their lives revolve around. We see people checking smartphones every two minutes, looking for the latest tweet or status update. It's important yet difficult to retain the attitude that these sites may be useful, but that's all they are-tools, not lifestyles.

Is Our Internet Culture Destroying Us?

Andrew Keen is well-known for his opposition to social networking. He believes that the Internet needs to be more "habitable" for users. He has some bold points that we need to take into consideration.

Status Updates Never Go Away

Even if you delete a post, it never goes away. Since Twitter began, the Library of Congress has been archiving all public tweets. Facebook was cited as a source of information in a third of all divorces filed in 2011.

References and Further Reading

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What Are the Effects of Social Media on Youth?

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The average person now spends more time each day on their phone and computer than they do sleeping. The statistics all tell the same story: Social media are gaining in popularity every day. The average time spent on social networks per day: 1.72 hours (in 2015).

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Social networking is a topic that divides opinion - some people think it's an amazing tool but others are worried about the impact it has on people's lives.
From students to journalists, One Direction to the Prime Minister - lots of people use social media sites for both work and pleasure.

School Reporters from across the UK have reported on staying safe online and the perils of Twitter 'addiction' in the last few months.

Students from The Crest Girls' Academy in London are also interested in the topic and recently polled parents, carers and teachers at their school to get their views on social networking.

The survey found that 37% of those questioned had been left sleep-deprived as a result of social networking and 75% didn't like the idea of phones being kept close by while they slept. Other School Reporters have also looked into the issue of technology and its effect on teenagers' sleeping habits.

The students decided to explore the issue further and have been taking a closer look at the benefits - and potential risks - of using social networks. Here are some of their conclusions as to the main benefits and drawbacks of social media.

Negatives

Not everyone in the 21st century thinks about the negative effects of having social networking accounts - but simple things like not setting your privacy settings properly or liking someone's photo can have bad results.

Cyberbullying can be a problem as people can take advantage of the fact that there is no one who can effectively stop the bullying when it happens, due to everything being performed behind a screen. The only way for a bully to be stopped is if they are reported and victims may be too intimidated to do it.

Social networking can also ruin relationships as people may get jealous if they find out their boyfriend or girlfriend is exchanging messages with other people.

It can also be a waste of time as people can visit a site to check on thing and end up spending the whole day 'behind the screen' and as a result, not doing anything useful with their lives.

Positives

Social networking has lots of good points

You can express yourself, showing off your favourite song lyrics or posting pictures of your new outfit. It is a lot harder to feel embarrassment over the internet than in person, so people find it easier to vent their feelings on sites like Facebook.

In fact, it has become so much a part of people's lives that you can learn someone's life story just by checking their page. Their friends, likes and dislikes, relationship status, phone number, address...everything.

You can share your feelings and your mental stresses - and it is a great way to entertain yourself after a busy daily routine.

It also makes it a lot easier to keep in touch with family and friends, especially if they live far away. But you can also make new friends by connecting with friends of friends that you might not know.

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The positives and negatives of using social networking sites

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Social networking is a topic that divides opinion - some people think it's an amazing tool but others are worried about the impact it has on people's lives. From students to journalists, One Direction to the Prime Minister - lots of people use social media sites for both work and pleasure.

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What is social media?

Social media is a collective term for websites and applications that focus on communication, community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration.

People use social media to stay in touch and interact with friends, family and various communities. Businesses use social applications to market and promote their products and track customer concerns.

Business-to-consumer websites include social components, such as comment fields for users. Various tools help businesses track, measure and analyze the attention the company gets from social media, including brand perception and customer insight.

Social media has enormous traction globally. Mobile applications make these platforms easily accessible. Some popular examples of general social media platforms include Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.

What are the business applications of social media?

In business, social media is used to market products, promote brands, connect to customers and foster new business. As a communication platform, social media promotes customer feedback and makes it easy for customers to share their experiences with a company. Businesses can respond quickly to positive and negative feedback, address customer problems and maintain or rebuild customer confidence.

Social media is also used for crowdsourcing. That's the practice of using social network ing to gather knowledge, goods or services. Companies use crowdsourcing to get ideas from employees, customers and the general public for improving products or developing future products or services.

What some popular social media platforms provide and their target enterprise uses

Examples of business to business ( B2B) applications include the following:

Social media analytics. This is the practice of gathering and analyzing data from blogs and social media websites to assist in making business decisions. The most common use of social media analytics is to do customer sentiment analysis.

Social media marketing (SMM). This application increases a company's brand exposure and customer reach. The goal is to create compelling content that social media users will share with their social networks. A key components of SMM is social media optimization (SMO). Like search engine optimization, SMO is a strategy for drawing new visitors to a website. Social media links and share buttons are added to content and activities are promoted via status updates, tweets and blogs.

Social customer relationship marketing. Social CRM is a powerful business tool. For example, a Facebook page lets people who like a company's brand to like the business's page. This, in turn, creates ways to communicate, market and network. Social media sites give users the option to follow conversations about a product or brand to get real-time market data and feedback.

Recruiting. Social recruiting has become a key part of employee recruitment strategies. It is a fast way to reach a lot of potential candidates, both active job seekers and people who were not thinking about a job change until they say the recruitment post.

Enterprise social networking. Businesses also use enterprise social networking to connect people who share similar interests or activities. These applications include internal intranets and collaboration tools, such as Yammer, Slack and Microsoft Teams, that give employees access to information and communication capabilities. Externally, public social media platforms let organizations stay close to customers and make it easy to conduct market research.

What social media platforms that large businesses are using

What are the benefits of social media?

Social media provides several benefits, including the following:

User visibility. Social platforms let people easily communicate and exchange ideas or content.

Business and product marketing. These platforms enable businesses to quickly publicize their products and services to a broad audience. Businesses can also use social media to maintain a following and test new markets. In some cases, the content created on social media is the product.

Audience building. Social media helps entrepreneurs and artists build an audience for their work. In some cases, social media has eliminated the need for a distributor, because anyone can upload their content and transact business online. For example, an amateur musician can post a song on Facebook, get instant visibility among their network of friends, who in turn share it on their networks.

What are the challenges of social media?

Social media can also pose challenges to individual users, in the following ways:

Mental health issues. Overuse of social apps can result in burnout, social media addiction and other issues.

Polarization. Individuals can end up in filter bubbles. They create the illusion of open discourse when the user is actually sequestered in an algorithmically generated online community.

Disinformation. Polarized environments foster the spread of disinformation where the perpetrator's intent is to deceive others with false information.

Businesses face similar and unique social media challenges.

Offensive posts. Conversations on intranets and enterprise collaboration tools can veer off into non-work-related subjects. When that happens, there is potential for co-workers to disagree or be offended. Controlling such conversations and filtering for offensive content can be difficult.

Security and retention. Traditional data security and retention policies may not work with the features available in collaboration tools. This can raise security risks and compliance issues that companies must deal with.

Productivity concerns. Social interaction, whether online or in person, is distracting and can affect employees' productivity.

What are enterprise social media best practices?

It is important for companies to have a social media strategy and establish social media goals. These help to build trust, educate their target audience and create brand awareness. They also enable real people to find and learn about a business.

Here are some social media social media best practices for companies to follow:

Establish social media policies that set expectations for appropriate employee social behavior. These policies should also ensure social media posts do not expose the company to legal problems or public embarrassment. Guidelines should include directives for when an employee must identify them self as a company representative and rules for what type of information can be shared.

Focus on platforms geared to B2B marketing, such as Twitter and LinkedIn.

Put in place an engaging, customer-centric strategy in social media campaigns. An example would be to use Twitter to field questions from customers.

Include rich media, such as pictures and video, in content to make it more compelling and appealing to users.

Use social media analytics tools to measure user engagement with content and to keep on top of trends.

Use a conversational voice in posts that comes across as professional but not rigid.

Shorten long form content to make it social friendly. Lists and audio and video snippets are examples.

Embrace employees and customers talking positively about the organization and repost that content.

Check in on analytics and management tools frequently, if not on a daily basis, as well as the social media accounts.

What are the different types of social media?

The four main categories of social platforms are these:

1. Social networks. People use these networks to connect with one another and share information, thoughts and ideas. The focus of these networks is usually on the user. User profiles help participants identify other users with common interests or concerns. Facebook and LinkedIn are good examples.

2. Media-sharing networks. These networks focus is on content. For example, on YouTube, interaction is around videos that users create. Other media-sharing networks are TikTok and Instagram. Streaming platforms like Twitch are considered a subset of this category.

3. Community-based networks. The focus of this type of social network is in-depth discussion, much like a blog forum. Users leave prompts for discussion that spiral into detailed comment threads. Communities often form around select topics. Reddit is an example of a community-based network.

4. Review board networks. With these networks, the focus is on a review, usually of a product or service. For example, on Yelp, users can write reviews on restaurants and endorse each other's reviews to boost visibility.

What are examples of social media?

Here are some examples of popular web-based social media platforms:

Facebook is a free social networking website where registered users create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.

LinkedIn is a social networking site designed for the business community. Registered members can create networks of people they know and trust professionally.

Pinterest is a social curation website for sharing and categorizing images found online. The main focus of Pinterest is visual, though it does call for brief descriptions of images. Clicking on an image will take a user to the original source. For example, clicking on a picture of a pair of shoes might redirect a user to a purchasing site; an image of blueberry pancakes might redirect to the recipe.

Reddit is a social news website and forum where site members curate and promote stories. The site is composed of hundreds of sub-communities called subreddits. Each subreddit has a specific topic, such as technology, politics or music. Reddit site members, also known as "redditors," submit content that members vote on. The goal is to elevate well-regarded stories to the top of the site's main thread page.

Twitter is a free microblogging service for registered members to broadcast short posts called tweets. Twitter members can broadcast tweets and follow other active users' tweets using several platforms and devices.

Wikipedia is a free, open content encyclopedia created through a collaborative community. Anyone registered on Wikipedia can create an article for publication; registration is not required to edit articles.

The takeaway

Social media is everywhere. Individuals and businesses of all sizes and types use it. It's a critical resource for engaging with customers, getting customer feedback and expanding company visibility.

An effective social strategy can enhance an organization's reputation and build trust and awareness among a growing network of connections. While some are more tailored to B2B promotion, no platforms are off limits.

Continue Reading About social media

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Social media is a collective term for websites and applications that focus on communication, community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration. People use social media to stay in touch and interact with friends, family and various communities. Businesses use social applications to market and promote their products and track customer concerns.

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(Pocket-lint) - Snapchat has changed a lot in recent years. Frequent updates mean the app looks and works nothing like it once did.

Snap, the company behind Snapchat, is so aggressive with making changes to the app that it can be hard to keep up with how Snapchat really works, even if you're a regular user. To make things easier for you and newbies, Pocket-lint has compiled this guide. By the end of it, you'll know every facet of the app. And when the next update arrives, be sure to check back here.

Snapchat is a mobile app for Android and iOS devices. Colloquially, the app is often called Snap by its users.

Meanwhile, Snapchat's developer is a public company also called Snap, confusingly. The company itself claims to be a camera company. (As such, it creates other products, including hardware, like Snapchat Spectacles.) Whichever you choose to call it, Snap is headed by co-founder Evan Spiegel.

One of the core concepts of the mobile app is that any picture, video, or message - aka snap - you send by default is made available to the receiver for only a short time before it becomes inaccessible. This temporary or ephemeral nature of the app was originally designed to encourage a more natural flow of interaction.

Snapchat was initially focused on private, person-to-person photo sharing, but you can now use it for a range of asks, including sending videos, live video chatting, messaging, creating caricature-like Bitmoji avatars, and sharing a chronological "story" that's broadcasted to all your followers. There's even a designated "Discovery" area that showcases short-form content from major publishers like Buzzfeed. Snapchat even lets you store media in a private area.

Other features include the ability to add filters and AR-based lenses to snaps and show your live location on a world map. But the key thing to realise about Snapchat is it's all about instant communication through your phone. Prior to Snapchat, social media was very desktop-based. For instance, you'd post statuses, tweets, photos, and you'd have a record of all those things online, so your friends could comment on them and you would all see them forever.

Snapchat changed the way we communicate online. With Snapchat, you can quickly send a photo of yourself with a rainbow-puking AR lens applied to a friend, and after they open it, it'll disappear forever. Technically, they can screenshot it if they want, and reply with their own photo or video response, which they can also broadcast to their story for friends and followers to see. There are so many uses for this app. It's hard not to see its value and why it's unique.

Many reports and studies have claimed that the bulk of Snapchat's users are millennials and Gen-Zers.

As a result of those younger users, the app has yielded a number of different unique terms and names for its features, from "snaps" to "story". If you're confused by all this lingo, you should really read through the Glossary section of this Snapchat guide before you move on to how the app actually works.

Snapchatter: It's not as common anymore, but it means a user of Snapchat.

Snap: When you take a photo or video, or receive a photo or video, it is known as a "snap". So, when someone asks you to snap them, they are asking you to send them a photo or video through Snapchat, or even a message through the app's chat function. The Snapchat app itself is also colloquially referred to as "Snap", as is the app's developer/public company.

Snapback: This term was more popular when Snapchat launched, but it's faded since. Nevertheless, if you've heard it, just know that it simply means a reply to a snap. So, if you Snapback, you're just replying to a private one-on-one snap that you've received.

Story: You can link snaps together and broadcast them as you capture them. They'll appear to your followers as a "story" reel. They can tap through your story and watch every snap to experience your entire day. A reel can only be played back for 24 hours, after which, it disappears for good, though you can always save your entire story, or an individual snap from your story, to the Memory section - aka private storage - of your Snapchat to keep forever.

Snapcode: A Snapcode is a scannable code that makes adding new friends even easier. For instance, a friend can simply flash their Snapchat camera at your Snapcode, which will immediately add you, without you having to manually look up their handle and tap the "add" button. Your Snapcode, which is similar to a QR code, can be located on the Profile screen. You can access it by tapping the ghost icon or your Bitmoji in the corner of the Camera screen.

Score: Ever notice that number next to a friend's handle in Snapchat? It's a score - an equation combining the number of snaps they've sent and received, stories they've posted, and other factors. You can find a friend's score when you hold down on a friend's name in your contact list, story feed, or chat area. And you can find yours under your Snapcode located in the center of your Profile screen. The higher your score, the more you likely use Snapchat.

Snapstreak: Some of your friends or the people you follow might have different emoji next to their Snapchat names in the Chat section of your Snapchat. That means they're on a streak, or Snapstreak, with you. In other words, you and that friend or friends have snapped each other (not including chat messaging) within 24 hours for more than one consecutive day. For a comprehensive list of what each friend emoji means, go to Settings > Manage > Friend Emojis.

Trophy case: Snapchat might notify you of a new trophy you've earned, and tapping that notification will take you to your trophy case, which holds all the trophies for milestones you've achieved as a Snapchat user. From sending a snap with a filter to sending 50 snaps with five or more pen colours, trophies encourage user interaction and content creation.

Lenses: You can make snaps even more fun by adding augmented reality-based special effects and sounds, with a feature called Lenses. To activate lenses, go to the Camera screen in Snapchat, then long-press on your face in the camera view, and lenses should appear in a row next to the capture button. Swipe around to select the lens you want, and then tap the capture button to take a snap with it. Popular lenses include the 'rainbow puke' and 'dog with tongue'.

3D World Lenses: Unlike Lenses, which are primarily applied to your face - or a selfie shot - in real-time, World Lenses affect the environment around you. They appear in the same row as Lenses, but only when your camera is facing outward. You might see one that features your Bitmoji avatar, even. For instance, a current one shows our Bitmoji avatar mixing potions and chemicals while sitting at a desk. This animation is overlaid on the world around us and can be captured and then shared with our friends in a chat or followers via our story. Both Lenses and World Lenses are frequently changed by Snapchat, though popular ones are recurring.

Filter: You can jazz up your snap by adding a fun overlay with a filter. After you take a snap, swipe right or left on the preview screen to add coloured filters, the current time, local weather, speed overlays, or geofilters to your photo or video. After taking your snap and applying your first filter, you can press and hold and then swipe to add yet another filter, too.

Geofilter: Like filters, you can use a geofilter to decorate snaps. Unlike filters, however, geofilters are specific to your location or an event you're attending. They encourage other users to share their experiences with friends and followers. On-Demand geofilters may also be designed and purchased by individuals or smaller companies and only become available when a user enters a specified location, such as a wedding or graduation venue.

Chat: This is a messaging feature within Snapchat that lets you directly chat with other users. You can access the Chat section by swiping from left to right on the Camera screen. From here, you can also send Bitmoji stickers, start a live video call, send money, share snaps, and more

Memories: Since launch, Snapchat has added several features that allow you to screenshot or save snaps. The latest example is Memories. It not only gives you another way to store snaps in Snapchat's cloud but also introduces a section for accessing media locally stored on your device. When you take a snap, you'll see an option to save it to your Memories (it's like a private storage locker), where you can organise, edit, search, lock, and share the snap after the fact.

Discover: This is a section, right of the Camera screen, meant for brands and publishers, which can broadcast stories for all to see. On Discover, you can find branded content made by Vice, Cosmopolitan, Daily Mail, ESPN, Tastemade, CNN, Buzzfeed, and more.

Snap Map: With this feature, you can share your location with your friends or followers. It also allows you to scroll around an actual map to see where your friends are located. You can choose whether to share your location, of course. To access Snap Map, go to your Camera screen, then pinch your fingers on the screen like you're zooming out from a photo, and the Snap Map should then appear. You and friends will be represented by Bitmoji.

Bitmoji: If you have downloaded the Bitmoji app, created an avatar, and linked your account to Snapchat, you'll see AR-based lenses featuring your avatar as well as stickers in chat with your avatar. You might also see "friendmoji" stickers in a chat, which feature both you and a friend. Like other features, Bitmoji are designed to encourage user interaction on Snapchat. Keep in mind that Bitmoji was its own, separate platform until Snapchat acquired it a couple years ago.

Here's where this app guide gets really tricky. Snapchat updates so often that it's a waste of time to write a lengthy step-by-step instruction manual on how to operate the app, as Snapchat might look and work completely differently in just a few days, so we'll instead focus on popular, key features and how they work on a general basis, but more importantly, the main screens you'll see when navigating Snapchat.

If you need more details about how to get around the app or do specific things, we encourage you to visit Snapchat's support hub.

Tap the capture button to take a snap, or press-and-hold it to record a video snap up to 10 seconds long. If you keep holding it, it'll record a multi-snap.

After you take a snap, you can use all kinds of creative tools. For instance, tap the pencil tool to draw all over, tap the text tool to add a caption, tap the sticker tool to add a sticker or Bitmoji, etc.

From the moment you open Snapchat, you will see a view of whatever your device's camera can see. This is the Camera screen.

Now, how it looks and what options it shows may change over time, but generally, you will see a capture button at the bottom, with buttons to access your Memories screen, Filters, Snap Map, Chat screen, Scanner, Stories, and Spotlight. At the top, you might also see options to access your Profile screen, Search screen, and maybe even turn on the flash or switch your camera view to front-facing. Anyway, primarily, from this screen, you can capture snaps.

To do so, tap or hold down the capture button, for a photo or video, respectively, and then you'll see options to save it to Memories/your camera roll, add it to your story, or send it to a friend or a group of friends. But before you share it with anyone, be sure to decorate the snap with text, a doodle, a sticker, a link, etc. You can even adjust the time it can be viewed from a few seconds to unlimited.

Also, remember, when taking a snap, if you tap the Camera view, you will see Lenses and World Lenses appear. Swipe through them and tap one to apply it. From there, you can decorate the snap and share it with others.

Only the people you choose can see your location, or you can even turn on ghost mode when you want to go off the grid.

Your location on the Snap Map only updates when you have Snapchat open.

When you open Snapchat and are confronted by the Camera screen, look for the pin-drop icon in the navigation bar at the bottom. You will then see your Bitmoji avatar, if your Bitmoji account is linked, on a live map. Tap the Settings button if you want to enter "ghost mode" and become invisible. Either way, any user you follow who has not enabled ghost mode will appear on the map so that you can see their exact location in real-time.

Snapchat may also serve up stories of users from around the globe so that you can quickly tap and see what's happening elsewhere.

On the Memories screen, you can create new Stories, edit, and send snaps you've saved to Memories, and use smart search to find old snaps.

To open Memories, just swipe up from the Camera screen or tap the circle/cards underneath the Capture button.

Near the capture button, you should see an icon that looks like cards or a circle. Tap it to access your Memories, an area in Snapchat where you can not only store snaps to Snapchat but also access media locally stored on your device. You can search memories, share memories, mark up memories, and more. On the Memories screen, you can also access your profile, capture a snap, and go to the Chat and Stories screens.

When you're chatting one-on-one with someone, a blue dot will appear at the bottom of your Chat screen, which means they're present in the chat. If they've set up Bitmoji, their Bitmoji will pop up instead.

When you're chatting in a group chat, a Snapchatter's name will light up inside a bubble above your keyboard. This lets you know they're present. Just tap on a name bubble to chat with that Snapchatter one-on-one. Or, to see who has read a chat, just tap on it.

Chats are deleted by default once you've both left the Chat.

When you open Snapchat and are confronted by the Camera screen, tap the Chat button in the navigation bar or swipe from left to right to access the Chat screen. From there, you can start a new chat, search chats, see all your active chats, and even go to your Profile screen, capture a snap, quickly switch to stories, and more. Again, these options may change over time. But the point of this section is to share one-on-one or in a group with friends.

You can start a conversation or tap on an existing thread to message, send a snap, send cash, start a live video chat, send a Bitmoji sticker, and more. You can also long-press on friends' names to see their Snapcode, Snapstreak, and other options for interacting with them on Snapchat. To edit a friend's name, or even block or remove them, tap on their conversation thread, then tap the hamburger (menu) icon, and you'll see the additional options for managing that friendship.

Keep up-to-date on breaking news with Discover! Watch Publishers' stories and shows.

To use Discover: Swipe right to left on the Camera screen to open Discover. Tap on a Story that sparks your interest

Tap the right side of the screen to go to the next Snap in this story, or tap the left side of the screen to go back and rewatch the last snap. You can also swipe down to exit a story.

Swipe from right to left on the Camera screen to access your Stories and Discover screen. Below your stories, you'll see Discover, a section that showcases branded stories from publishers like Daily Mail and MTV. You can't control what type of content is served up to you, but you can subscribe to certain publishers by long-pressing on a thumbnail for a publisher's story and then pressing the subscribe button. To view a story from a publisher, tap the thumbnail for their story.

Like other stories, you can skip through, and when watching, you can long-press on any snap to mark it up and then send it to a friend or group of friends. You can do this to both photos and videos.

To post a snap to your Story, take a snap, then tap the arrow on the bottom of the screen to add your snap to your Story (and if it is your first time creating a Story tap 'Add' to confirm you want to post to your Story).

Go to the Discovery screen to view your friends' stories.

When you open Snapchat and are confronted by the Camera screen, swipe from right to left to access the Stories and Discoveries screen. From there, you can view all your friends' broadcasted snaps in a reel that plays for up to 24 hours. Recent friend updates are at the top, followed by publishers' stories at the bottom. Just tap a friend's name to begin viewing their story, and then tap on individual snaps within the reel itself to skip forward

You can also swipe up from a snap in a story to send a chat to that person. Anyway, from the Discover screen, you might see options to add to your story, search stories, find friends, quickly add suggested contacts, access your profile and audience settings, capture a snap, and return to chat. Snapchat also highlights content from Discover on this screen.

Search is the fastest way to find a friend, a group you're in, and more. Just tap the magnifying glass at the top of the screen to start searching.

Type in something you're trying to find, or browse through suggested friends and topics.

When you open Snapchat and are confronted by the Camera screen, tap the Search button at the top. From there, you can search for other users by their Snapchat name. Verified users will have an emoji appear next to their name. The Search screen that pops up will also recommend related users, show you top stories, and allow you to view other users and their stories by criteria like music, sports, fashion, and animals.

There are a few different ways to add other Snapchatters. Here's the easiest way: from the Camera screen, swipe down or tap the Bitmoji in the upper left-hand corner of the screen. This will take you to your Profile screen, where you will see options to find and add friends.

Also, from your Profile screen, you can create a Snapcode. With a Snapcode, friends and followers can visit a link by simply scanning it in Snapchat.

From most screens in Snapchat, you will see a ghost or your Bitmoji in the corner.

Tap it to access your Profile screen, where you will find your Snapcode, Snapstreak, and options to view your Trophy Case, who has added you, your friends, and a way to add more friends. You can also capture a new snap from here, access Chat and Stories, and even find additional Settings or search Snapchat, though these options may change over time.

Change your privacy settings, Snap Map location settings, birthday settings, Memories settings, Snapcash settings, and more from Settings.

Just tap the Gear icon in the corner of your Profile screen.

When you see the gear icon on your Profile screen, tap it to access your Snapchat account settings, where you can link your Bitmoji account, manage on-demand geofilters, create or scan a Snapcode, add two factor, adjust your Memories, Spectacles, and Shazam preferences, change your password and phone number, and so much more.

Spotlight is the newest way to discover the world of Snapchat in one place and see perspectives from across its community.

To access Spotlight: Swipe from right to left on the Stories screen, or tap the play button icon in the navigation bar.

Spotlight shines a light on the most entertaining Snaps, no matter who created them. Think of it as a TikTok clone, because you can start exploring snaps by swiping up and down. You can even tap on the trending button at the top of the screen to browse Trending Sounds, Lenses, and Topics.

You can also view and upload Spotlight content on the web! Head to www.snapchat.com/spotlight to check it out.

When you look at your Chat screen, you might see a different arrow or icon next to each conversation thread. These mean different things:

Snapchat

Check out our other Snapchat-related guides:

Writing by Maggie Tillman.

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What is Snapchat, how does it work, and what's the point?

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(Pocket-lint) - Snapchat has changed a lot in recent years. Frequent updates mean the app looks and works nothing like it once did. Snap, the company behind Snapchat, is so aggressive with making changes to the app that it can be hard to keep up with how Snapchat really works, even if you're a regular user.

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On the wagon

A 'caravan' of several thousand Central American migrants was reported to be travelling through Mexico towards the southern US border. The concept of a caravan comes from karwan, a Persian word for a group of merchants who would travel together to take advantage of safety in numbers. In its turn it is believed to have derived from the Sanskrit word for camel. It is first recorded in English in the late 17th century for a large number of people travelling together, and soon afterwards became a word for a covered wagon - predating the motor car by two centuries.

A wing and a prayer

The owner of Leicester City football club, Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha, died along with four others when his helicopter crashed shortly after taking off from the ground after a Premiership match. Meanwhile, a Boeing 737 crashed in Indonesia, killing all on board. How safe are helicopters compared with fixed-wing aircraft?

Accidents per 100,000 flight hours

Social media blues

Philip Hammond announced that every school is to have a dedicated mental health team, following fears that social media is causing an increase in depression and other psychiatric symptoms. Does using social media affect children's mental health?

Percentage reporting 'high or very high' total difficulties scores - a questionnaire-based measure used to identify children at risk of mental illness. (A high score indicates elevated risk.)

Source: UK Household Longitudinal Study

Not coining it

The Chancellor revealed there will be a commemorative 50p coin to mark Brexit next year. How much are previous commemorative 50p pieces now worth as collectors' items (depending on condition)?

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Does using social media affect children's mental health? | The Spectator

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A 'caravan' of several thousand Central American migrants was reported to be travelling through Mexico towards the southern US border. The concept of a caravan comes from karwan, a Persian word for a group of merchants who would travel together to take advantage of safety in numbers.

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Does media affect children and young peoples emotional, social and behavioral development?

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Affects of what children may witness on media

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Most kids are plugged into devices like TVs, game consoles, tablets, and smartphones well before they can even ride a bike.

Technology is part of life. And parents can make technology a healthy part of childhood by teaching smart media use. Preschoolers can get help learning the alphabet on public television, gradeschoolers can play educational apps and games, and teens can do research online.

But media use can also have some downsides:

The Obesity Link

Kids who spend too much time using media are more likely to be overweight. Health experts have long linked too much screen time to excess weight. When they're staring at screens, kids are inactive and tend to snack. They're also see lots of ads that encourage them to eat unhealthy foods like potato chips and drink empty-calorie soft drinks that often become favorite snack foods.

Studies show that decreasing the amount of TV kids watched led to less weight gain and lower body mass index (BMI). Replacing video game time with outdoor game time is another good way to help kids maintain a healthy weight.

Watching Risky Behaviors

Characters on TV and in video games often show risky behaviors - like drinking alcohol, using drugs, and smoking cigarettes - as cool, fun, and exciting. When these things seem acceptable, kids and teens might be tempted to try them. That might lead to substance abuse problems. Media can also expose kids to high-risk sexual practices, and studies show that teens who watch lots of sexual content are more likely to start sexual activity at a young age.

Seeing Violence

The average American child will see 200,000 violent acts on TV by age 18. Many of these are done by the "good guys," whom kids are taught to admire. In fact, often the hero wins by fighting with or killing the "bad guys." This can confuse kids as they try to understand the difference between right and wrong.

Kids who view violence onscreen are more likely to show aggressive behavior, and to fear that the world is scary and that something bad will happen to them.

Young kids are easily frightened by violent images. Because they don't yet understand what is real and what is make believe, simply telling them that violence isn't real won't help. Behavior problems, nightmares, and trouble sleeping may happen after kids watch violence on screen.

Older kids can be scared by violent images too. Talking with kids this age will help them, so it's important to comfort them and explain what they see to help ease fears. But it's even better to not let your kids view shows or play games that could scare them.

Sleep, Mental Health, and Other Problems

Kids who use media in their bedrooms often don't get enough sleep at night. Media use also can expose kids to cyberbullying, which has been linked to depression and suicide.

And media use can distract kids from important tasks, interfere with homework time, and hurt school performance. It can limit quality family time and make kids feel lonely or isolated.

Too Many Commercials

Young kids don't understand that commercials are for selling a product, and sometimes can't tell the difference between the show and the ad. Even older kids may need to be reminded of the purpose of advertising. Video games are especially full of pop-up ads with pressure to buy.

Explain that ads are designed to make people want things they probably don't need and believe the products will somehow make them happier. Teach kids to be smart consumers. Ask them questions like: "What do you like about that?" or "Do you think it's really as good as it looks in that ad?"

Try to limit kids' exposure to ads. You can:

Have them watch public TV stations, which rarely show ads featuring products.

Record shows so you can fast forward through the commercials.

Mute the TV during ads to ask your child questions about the show.

Stream their favorite programs, or buy or rent DVDs.

What Else Should I Know?

Parents can and should keep tabs on their kids' media use:

Set limits to ensure that kids don't spend too much time in front of a screen.

Monitor how and what kids see on their screens, and encourage positive, meaningful, and educational media use.

These online resources also can help:

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Technology can be part of a healthy childhood, but it's important for parents to track their kids' screen time and set limits.

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Negative and the positives affects of social media.

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Postive and Negative Effects of Social Media on Children

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Social media is the new trend which is here to stay. Parents can learn to help their kids use this tool for the best while avoiding its downside. Read more about positive and negative effects of social media on kids.

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Impacts?

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*Corresponding Author: Sundus M, Department of Computer Science, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan, Tel: + 0323-8437975, Email: [email protected]

Received Date: Sep 13, 2017 / Accepted Date: Oct 09, 2017 / Published Date: Jan 10, 2018

Introduction

Many researchers have studied that children spend average of their time on different gadgets like telephone, radio, TV, games, Xbox, iPod and stereo system [ 1]. Kids use gadgets for various purposes like playing games, watching videos, listening songs, chatting with their friends, browsing different websites. They spend most of their time in these activities and don't pay attention to their posture, screen brightness, and screen distance from their eyes which ultimately affect their vision and health.

Staring at electronic screen continuously for long time causes distress [ 2]. Kids suffer various problems like eye irritation or have difficulty to focus for a while. If we are facing problems to cope with screens, imagine how our child's eyes must be going through. In this era, we can't keep ourselves or our children away from these devices so we can try to minimize the impact of these devices on our children. It's really surprising a 2 year old baby can and knows how to use a gadget, similar to how a kid knows to use a feeding bottle. A study has been conducted in USA on kids and result shows 1 out of 3 children can use a tablet or phone before they even talk?

In 2013 Daily mail reported that 29% of the toddlers can easily use the gadgets and remaining 70% are master by primary school age. Really Surprising! According to the USA Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, an average child spends about 8 hours a day watching electronic screens. As they are growing older the use of gadgets also increases. Too much gadget use can also affect the long-term vision problem [ 3]. Plus chance of myopia also increases in children when they spend about 8 hours daily on gadgets. When people use electronic screens, they blink less. On an average, a person blinks about 15 times in a minute. Due to the high attention required while using an electronic screen, this rate can drop to less than 5 times in a minute. A lot of research has been done on this type of phenomena; this paper describes the positive and negative impact of gadgets on children ( Figure 1).

The Positive Impact of Gadget Use
Children have better motor skills
Motor skills are the skills which are linked with muscles of small movements like lips, fingers, wrists, tongue and toes. So when toddlers play games on tablet or any other gadgets their fingers and hands get a workout [ 4]. This is such a healthy exercise for growing children. Using modern keyboards and keypads or other handheld devices they have no risk of any injury or any kind of threat as compared to playing outside.

As a result, they know better use of their hands and fingers and become very efficient in it in short time.
Improved cognitive skills
Cognitive skills are the ability to process information, reasoning, remembering and relating objects with other objects. These skills are directly related to memory, and language [ 4]. Now a day's technology helps faster and better development of cognitive skills in kids. The games which they use to play before whether it's a puzzle or scribbling on drawing books everything now can be done on electronic devices. Like interactive apps, video games, different kinds of challenges and educative programs available on various kinds of devices. Such products would always improve a kid's cognitive skills. The modern gadgets help to develop their learning skills faster as they are more interested in gadgets then books.
Cause of distraction in children
Gadgets occupy kid's minds. Leave child with a Smartphone, tablet Xbox or any other handheld device he can spend hours or even weeks with it. So you don't have to worry about the child because there is no risk of getting injured or harmed by these gadgets. Also don't worry about any other major mess like painting a wall, disturbing others.

Technology has changed all that. Simply a Smartphone can keep a child busy for hours, whether he is playing games or watching videos etc.
More fun for kids
Gadgets are fun for kids while they use them. They enjoy playing games on them whether it's a puzzle or race, or candy crush, or a simple first person shooter game, children have fun and they understand simple aspects of cause and effect, action and reaction. Electronic devices have much more advanced learning options for children in a fun way then books or older methods.
Educating young ones
Technology has been proven to be very helpful in educating student. Children can access the educational websites and can get detailed information about required topic. Technology makes things better as have access to pile of material and can be very useful in research and understanding things better. Visual presentations, educational videos, interactive programs, learning tutorial and variety of books available all the time on internet has revolutionized education in a better way. Kids learn state of the art tools and methods by their own. Educational games help children to perform well in their studies. As they can have many online quizzes available, online tutorials and brainstorming riddles.
Competition skills
Children love to play video games. When playing such games with other people around the world and their relatives, friends they get the feeling of competition that enhances their skills of competition and enables them to manage themselves in competing environment.

Negative Effects Of Gadgets Use
Speech or language delay
In order to understand the speech or language delay in children first we understand the difference between the speech and language. Speech refers to verbal form of communication used by humans, and language refers to the whole system of communication spoken or written, verbal and nonverbal. A child with a language delay might pronounce words well but only be able to put two words together. A child with a speech delay might use words and phrases to express ideas but be difficult to understand. Speech delay, also known as alalia, these two problems often overlaps. Many researchers have studied this and also concluded many theories about it. By using s screening tool, researchers studied that the more time children spends on smart phones, tablets and electronic games and other handheld devices the more likely the child have delays in expressive speech. Children will learn to talk and communicate through interactions with others. This is the way how they will learn to communicate well if they r not communicating they are not learning. Every one minute that your child is spending on the screen is one minute fewer that he could speak or learn with others. Screen time is the time you child is spending on screen whether it's TV or any other gadget. Screen time takes away the time of child which he can spend by talking and communicating with other people.

This can be well understood by an example if you are travelling in a car with you children. Your children have a screen in front of him as he is watching his favourite TV show or playing any game. So you will not interrupt him by talking or asking something, on the other side, if he don't have any gadget in front of him he would probably be talking and communicating with you. Using a screening tool, researchers found that the more handheld screen time a child's parent reported, the more likely the child was to have delays in expressive speech, concluding that for each 30-minute increase in screen time, a child was 49 per cent more likely to be at risk of expressive speech delay.

The study found that the more time children between the ages of six months and two years spent using handheld screens such as smart phones, tablets and electronic games, the more likely they were to experience speech delays.
Attention deficits
Attention deficit: Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder. It refers to problems like paying attention, excess activity or has difficulty controlling behaviour which is not appropriate. This can occur in children and cause them to be fidgety, unable to focus, restless and easily distracted. This change in behaviour can cause problem at school or at home as well.
Learning problems
Children learn lot of things before the age of five even toddlers learning perspective is much faster than children. If they are using gadgets their time to communicate with their parents and learning is bounded. They need proper time talking with their parents so they can learn new words and how to communicate. They need their parents not gadgets. Also exposure of theses gadgets are linked to cognitive delays and impaired learning. Researchers at the University of Washington reveal that modern gadgets are not necessary in child development.
Anxiety
Anxiety is a fear about future events and reaction to current events. These kinds of feelings may lead to various physical symptoms, like shakiness and fast heart rate.

This phase is usually harmless and temporary but children who are suffering from anxiety experience nervousness, shyness and fear. They try to avoid people, places and activities. Child shows aggression or appears tense when they can't get online and this feeling magically goes when their devices are given back. This behaviour can be easily notice. Dr Graham says 'Child gets upset or shows anger when by small things and when they get online they become calmer. He said parents should not the signs of agitation, anxiety and irritation in children'. Dr Watts added: ' It's pretty normal if a child gets upset not being able to online with one's friend, but if a child continuously shows anger or depression not being online then it's time to start a conversation.
Childhood depression
Childhood depression is very common and severe medical illness that negatively affects child behavior. The way they think and act. Too much gadget use introduces depression in children of certain ages. It also leads mental health issues in children in childhood and adolescence. They may act depressed or we can see worst of these symptoms in a couple of days.
Negative impact on character
This is one of the biggest problems in this growing world of technology. Children use internet to see adult content rather to search for educational websites. This practice leads bad impact on their character. They forgot their moral values. They are the future of the country. They become mentally advanced beyond their age ( Figure 2).

Discussion
Protecting children from the adverse impacts of electronic screens
Here are some tips parents can follow when their child is using gadgets. So, parents can keep track of the amount of time kids are spending on using gadgets

Set time for using screens: Restrict the amount of time children spend on gadgets and don't allow them to use after their time is finished. Also limit the time of watching TV. Small children can use gadget an hour a day and two hours a day for school going children.

Make them play outside: Encourage your children to play outside with their friends and siblings. So they learn to interact and communicate with other children. Its far better to play with pets like cats, dogs and other kids rather than watching any animated movie. It also helps in exercising long distance vision and lessens the chances of myopia.

Gadgets as babysitters: It's not a good idea to keep your child busy with gadgets so can do whatever you want to do in peace, instead keep them occupied with other creative toys, story books, puzzles, coloring books.

Ensure adequate sleep of your child: Children must have enough sleep for about 10 hours a day. Good sleep also helps recover from eye strain and for efficient working of brain. Good sleep is also necessary for good health.

Conclusion

Everything is good if you use it in a positive way or bad if we use it in a negative way. Some suggestions have been given above to help parents about limiting their child's exposure to gadgets. This is difficult to keep them away from gadgets but we can limit their time. Encouraging child to use it in educational field or study purpose can lead to drastic change in their lives. It can help them to enhance their skills. Use of gadgets in a constructive way can lead to healthier and efficient minds. A lot of research can be conducted on how gadgets affect children in other ways.

References

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screen time; motor skills; cognitive skills

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Corresponding Author: Sundus M, Department of Computer Science, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan, Tel: + 0323-8437975, Email: [email protected] Received Date: Sep 13, 2017 / Accepted Date: Oct 09, 2017 / Published Date: Jan 10, 2018 Introduction Many researchers have studied that children spend average of their time on different gadgets like telephone, radio, TV, games, Xbox, iPod and stereo system [ 1].