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At this stage children develop object permanence, or the knowledge that just because something is out of sight doesn't mean has ceased to exist. We showed that in the sensorimotor stage kids begin to realize that when something disappears it doesn't necessarily mean that the object is gone. We showed this when Alyssa took Drew's phone and hid it behind her back. He immediately knew where his phone was because his object permanence has developed.

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Children at this stage are not capable of logical thought, but begin using symbols to connect objects to their meanings. They also see the world very literally and do not yet question HOW something works. We showed this when Drew showed Alyssa a picture of Santa. She didn't think about how Santa got into her house to bring presents, she just thought of the presents that he would bring.

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By now children can think logically, but this is limited to concrete events or ideas. They cannot yet deal well with abstract thought. They can, however, concentrate on multiple aspects of an object at a time and understand certain ideas can be reversed and their meaning doesn't change. We showed this when Alexis did the math problem on the board. We showed that a child in the Concrete Operations stage being able to understand that when you reverse the order of a math problem you still get the same answer.

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Children at this age had developed hypothetical reasoning. They can understand abstract thoughts and empathize with others, caring about and comprehending what they're feeling. We showed this when Yunzhen reassured Alyssa when she had encountered some sad news. We showed a child at this stage already developed a deeper problem-solving skill and a deductive reasoning. By reassuring a person, a child understand that this behavior will make others feel comfortable.