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FCE grammar book

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Passive voice exercises

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Writing and organizer

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Improving your memory ⏲️ 6 Minute English

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Homework  20th january p.72: Exercises 1 and 2

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Homework  20th january p.72: Exercises 1 and 2

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You have to click on the link to do the free test.

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Understand your people and know where they will succeed

Our job profile matching platform, built on predictive analytics, gives career professionals the data to back up their sixth sense on an individuals fit for a role. We use a science based assessment to help you quickly select candidates, teammates or coach individuals based on their unique personality traits.

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Talentoday: World's largest personality data and people management platform

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Our job profile matching platform, built on predictive analytics, gives career professionals the data to back up their sixth sense on an individuals fit for a role. We use a science based assessment to help you quickly select candidates, teammates or coach individuals based on their unique personality traits.

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Look at these examples to see how wish and if only are used.

That guy is so annoying! I wish he'd stop talking.
I wish I lived closer to my family.
If only I hadn't lost her phone number. She must think I'm so rude for not calling her.
I wish they wouldn't park their car in front of my house.

Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Read the explanation to learn more.

Grammar explanation

We use wish and if only to talk about things that we would like to be different in either the present or the past. If only is usually a bit stronger than wish.

In the present

We can use wish/if only + a past form to talk about a present situation we would like to be different.

I wish you didn't live so far away.
If only we knew what to do.
He wishes he could afford a holiday.

In the past

We can use wish/if only + a past perfect form to talk about something we would like to change about the past.

They wish they hadn't eaten so much chocolate. They're feeling very sick now.
If only I'd studied harder when I was at school.

Expressing annoyance

We can use wish + would(n't) to show that we are annoyed with what someone or something does or doesn't do. We often feel that they are unlikely or unwilling to change.

I wish you wouldn't borrow my clothes without asking.
I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.
She wishes he'd work less. They never spend any time together.

Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

Language level

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Do you know how to use wish and if only to talk about things you would like to change? Test what you know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.

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<iframe src="https://wheeldecide.com/e.php?c1=Adriana&c2=Andrea&c3=Heriberto&c4=Alejandro&c5=Cristian&c6=Belinda&c7=Alexandra&c8=Lucía&c9=Nancy&c10=Brenda&c11=Jimena&t=Turn+taking+😉&time=5" width="500" height="500" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe>

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In this lesson, you're going to learn 59 positive personality adjectives in English. Check out 66 Negative Personality Adjectives here.

Let's look at some positive words to describe people.

There are four main categories of positive personality adjectives. Let's imagine each category as a different person. So let's meet them:

Positive Personality Adjectives #1
Nik - the people person
Nik is the friend who's great with people. See how popular he is? People like Nik:

There are lots of reasons why people like Nik.

Reason why people like Nik #1

Nik is very easy to be with. You can talk to him easily, and he's very friendly:

Affable - He's easy to talk to.
Agreeable - He's enjoyable to talk to.
Amiable - He's friendly and nice.
Charming - He has a "magic" effect that makes people like him.
Polite - He's good at saying "please," "thank you," etc.
Likeable - He's easy to like.
Gregarious - He likes being with other people.

Reason why people like Nik #2

He thinks about you and how you feel:

*Sympathetic is a false friend: in many languages, it means "nice," but in English, it has a different meaning.

Reason why people like Nik #3

He doesn't choose one side when his friends disagree with each other:

Diplomatic - He is very good at trying to help people see both sides of a situation.
Impartial - He doesn't support just one side of a disagreement.

Reason why people like Nik #4

He's honest:

Sincere - He says what he really thinks and feels.
Straight-forward - He's direct and honest.

Reason why people like Nik #5

He likes giving and helping:

Generous - He likes giving things to people.
Helpful - He likes helping.
Kind - He cares about others and likes to help them, often emotionally.
Giving - He likes giving things to people - it's the same as "generous."

So that's Nik. What an awesome guy!

Positive Personality Adjectives #2
Alexa - the good worker
Alexa is a great worker. She's focussed and likes to get things done! She's the perfect candidate for a job. Bosses like her:

There are lots of reasons why Alexa is a good worker:

Reason why Alexa is a good worker #1

Alexa has a lot of natural personal qualities that make her a good worker:

Observant - She's good at noticing different things around her.
Quick-witted - She can think quickly and intelligently.
Patient - She can accept difficult situations without getting angry.
Dynamic - She has a lot of energy and can think creatively.
Bright - She's smart and intelligent.

Reason why Alexa is a good worker #2

She also "applies herself." This means she isn't lazy, and she tries to do the best work that she can:

Self-disciplined - She can control her own behaviour easily, and she's organised.
Resourceful - She's good at finding ways to solve problems.
Proactive - She doesn't wait for things to happen. She makes them happen!
Practical - She's good at finding the simplest and most efficient solution.
Organised - She knows how to organise things well.
Efficient - She can organise things quickly and clearly.
Hardworking - She works hard!
Diligent - She does her work carefully and cares about the details.

Reason why Alexa is a good worker #3

To be a good worker, you have to be good at managing change. When things change, Alexa can change with them:

Reason why Alexa is a good worker #4

Finally, Alexa is someone who you can trust:

Dependable - If she says she will do something, she will do it.
Reliable - The same as "dependable"
Trustworthy - You can trust her to be honest and sincere.
Loyal - She will always be on your side.

So that's Alexa. A great worker but not necessarily great fun.

That's why we need to have Freya in our lives!

Positive Personality Adjectives #3
Freya - the fun lady!
We all need a Freya in our lives. She's the friend who makes us happy and who we can have fun with. She's the friend who puts a smile on our faces and helps us kill the stress from our working day.

Here's Freya at a party. Like Nik, she's very popular. But for slightly different reasons:

Freya is fun to be around for several reasons.

Reason why Freya is fun #1

First of all, Freya has a lot of energy. When people have a lot of energy, this energy often transfers to you. It's fun!

Energetic - She has a lot of energy.
Adventurous - She likes doing new and different things.
Enthusiastic - She shows a lot of excitement and interest in things.
Kooky - She's a little crazy. But in a fun way.

Reason why Freya is fun #2

She's also very a very sociable and happy person:

Reason why Freya is fun #3

She's also very funny:

Hilarious - She's very, very, funny.
Witty - She's funny and can tell good jokes in an intelligent way.
Humorous - She's funny and entertaining.
Amusing - She's funny and fun.

Reason why Freya is fun #4

Finally, you don't feel bad when you're with Freya. You feel like you can say anything, and she won't think badly of you:

OK. So Freya's good fun. But perhaps sometimes she can get annoying! There are times when we need to be serious.

This is a good time to try to be like Delia.

Positive Personality Adjectives #4
Delia - the leader
Delia is the person we know who will probably become successful. She knows what she wants in life, and she has the power to take it! She may not have so many friends, but she takes pleasure from her success.

Why will Delia succeed? There are two main reasons for this:

Reason why Delia is a good leader #1

She has so much power in her. She's an unstoppable force!

Ambitious - She has very high targets for herself in life.
Determined - She doesn't quit, even when things get hard.
Passionate - She believes in her work and her success on an emotional level.
Persistent - She never gives up!
Decisive - She can make a decision quickly and confidently.

Reason why Delia is a good leader #2

She's also not afraid of anything. Or anyone!

Courageous - She's brave.
Fearless - She has no fear.

Basically, she's like a superhero!

How to use personality adjectives

OK. So now you know 59 positive adjectives to describe people you like. Let's take a look at a few different ways to use adjectives.

Let's start with a simple adjective to describe someone:

funny

There are different ways we can use this word to describe a person.

If we simply want to describe the person directly, we can say:

She's funny.

or

She's a funny woman.

There isn't much difference between these sentences. The only difference is that you have the freedom to use different words to describe the woman in the second example:

She's a funny person.

She's a funny friend.

She's a funny boss.

But what if you don't know this person? What if you just have the feeling that she might be funny?

The first thing to ask yourself is this: What gives you this feeling? Is it about her appearance or just a general feeling?

If it's a general feeling, we can say:

She seems funny.

But if it's about her appearance (she might be a clown), then we can say:

She looks funny.

or

She looks like a funny person.

Remember:

she looks + adjective

she looks like + (adjective) noun

Remember these adjectives forever

Download the free PDF cheat sheet with all these adjectives and more!

Did you enjoy this lesson? If so, please help me out and share it!

For even more adjectives to describe people, check out these 30 English Words, Phrases and Idioms for Crazy.

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59 Positive Personality Adjectives | Clark and Miller

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In this lesson, you're going to learn 59 positive personality adjectives in English. Check out 66 Negative Personality Adjectives here. Let's look at some positive words to describe people. There are four main categories of positive personality

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How to express wishes in English (past, present and future)

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PERSONAL IDENTITY

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Definition of Personal Identity

Personal identity is the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life. This may include aspects of your life that you have no control over, such as where you grew up or the color of your skin, as well as choices you make in life, such as how you spend your time and what you believe. You demonstrate portions of your personal identity outwardly through what you wear and how you interact with other people. You may also keep some elements of your personal identity to yourself, even when these parts of yourself are very important.

Have you ever struggled with the question, 'Who am I?' or thought about who you might become in the future? These questions have been thought about and discussed throughout history, in particular by philosophers who have immersed themselves in the search for knowledge about the nature of being human. Such questions as, 'What does it mean to be a person?' and 'Do I matter?' have engaged key thinkers and created conversations that we still grapple with in our society. Most people feel they want to endure in some way, both in their lives and beyond death. The philosophy of personal identity aims to address these matters of existence and how we even know we exist through time.

The Philosophy of Personal Identity

How do you know you are the same person you were as a child? Is it because you remember yourself growing within the same body you have now? Or is it because you perceive that you have the same mind? What criteria can be used to confirm you are, in fact, a 'person'?

When you ask yourself how you know you are the same person you were as a baby, this is a question of persistence. In this context, persistence means our existence across time and how we can prove it. In other words, we perceive that our self 'persists' through our life as the same human being, but how do we know for sure? The philosophers Plato and René Descartes, as well as many religions, have proposed that we persist because we have a soul, a timeless essence that continues in some form even after the death of our living, breathing human body.

Descartes, in particular, aimed to provide a scientifically-oriented argument for this enduring inner self. He used rational arguments and examples to demonstrate that the mind and body are distinct. He promoted the view that the mind can exist and persist without the body. This distinction between a person's mind and body is known as mind-body dualism and has been an influential and powerful theory in our society. Here's an illustration of mind and body dualism by Descartes:

Even today, you may often hear the phrase, 'body and soul'. This way of thinking has evolved from the ideas of religious traditions as well as philosophical ways of viewing our personal identity.

Development of Personal Identity

Personal identity develops over time and can evolve, sometimes drastically, depending on what directions we take in our life. For instance, a person who at 25 identifies himself as part of a particular political party, of a particular faith, and who sees himself as upper-middle class, might discover that at 65, he's a very different person. Perhaps he's no longer interested in politics, he's changed his religion, and he's living on less money than when he was 25. Any variation is possible during a person's life span.

Children developing their sense of self may experiment with different ways of expressing personal identity. This can include various ways of dressing or wearing their hair, and it will also include a variety of ways of behaving and thinking. They might find that some ways of expressing themselves work well and feel right, while others do not last. Throughout life, we have a sense of who we are that continually changes.

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philosophy & development - video & lesson transcript | study.com

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What Is Personal Identity? - Definition, Philosophy & Development - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com

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Personal identity is the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life. This may include aspects of your life that you have no control over, such as where you grew up or the color of your skin, as well as choices you make in life, such as how you spend your time and what you believe.

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Mention 5 things that you would change from your personality and why.

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Our personalities largely make up who we are as persons, and how we are perceived by others around us. Personality traits are specific characteristics that a person may have which together form a pe

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The Personal Identity Wheel is a worksheet activity that encourages students to reflect on how they identify outside of social identifiers. The worksheet prompts students to list adjectives they would use to describe themselves, skills they have, favorite books, hobbies, etc. Unlike the Social Identity Wheel, this worksheet doesn't emphasize perception or context. It is best used as an icebreaker activity or in conjunction with the Social Identity Wheel in order to encourage students to reflect on the relationships and dissonances between their personal and social identities. The wheels can be used as a prompt for small or large group discussion or reflective writing on identity by using the Spectrum Activity Questions on Identity.

When used as an icebreaker, this activity can be used to help students find common ground with their peers and learn more about one another, helping students build community.

When used in conjunction with the Social Identity Wheel, the Personal Identity Wheel can be further interrogated to consider how students' personal identities are or aren't informed by their social identities.

The students may not perceive the activity as relevant to the course and thus may exhibit resistance.

Other Associated Material

This video uses both the Personal Identity [5:00] and Social Identity [6:46] Wheel activities to prepare for the Spectrum activity [9:50].

Personal Identity Wheel (adapted from "Voices of Discovery")

Image description: The chart below features a circle that is separated into ten sections. Each section is labeled (starting at the top and moving clockwise around the circle): favorite music, one skill you are proud of, favorite movie, favorite book, favorite food, favorite hobby, favorite color, personal motto, number of siblings, birth order. In the center of the circle is written "Three adjectives to describe yourself" followed by three numbered lines for students to fill out, and a space labeled "name." (Access a pdf version of the Personal Identity Wheel.)

Adapted for use by the Program on Intergroup Relations and the Spectrum Center, University of Michigan.

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The Personal Identity Wheel is a worksheet activity that encourages students to reflect on how they identify outside of social identifiers. The worksheet prompts students to list adjectives they would use to describe themselves, skills they have, favorite books, hobbies, etc. Unlike the Social Identity Wheel, this worksheet doesn't emphasize perception or context.

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Learning Styles & Multiple Intelligences: Theory Integration

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PDF worksheets

Online exercises

Grammar rules

English grammar books PDF English grammar exercises PDF English grammar rules PDF
Verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives
PDF worksheets with keys:
PDF exercises to download for free.
Gerund exercises PDF He enjoyed swimming. I can't stand waiting in queues. Infinitive exercises PDF He demanded to talk to me.
He made her do it.
She seems to be crying.
He pretended to have been studying. Gerunds vs. infinitives exercises PDF She likes skiing. - She would like to ski.
I'll try to call her. - I'll try using your phone. Online exercises with answers:
Gerund and infinitive exercise 1 Correct mistakes.

Gerund and infinitive exercise 2 A multiple choice test.

Gerund and infinitive exercise 3 Complete a conversation.

Gerund and infinitive exercise 4 Complete sentences with verbs in brackets.

Gerund and infinitive exercise 5 Find verbs followed by infinitives and gerunds.

Gerund and infinitive exercise 6 Find verbs followed by gerunds only.
Grammar rules PDF:
Gerund and infinitive rules PDF Grammar rules with examples to download for free.

English grammar PDF All PDF rules on e-grammar.org.

Gerund and infinitive

In English there are expressions followed by infinitive only, gerunds only or both gerund and infinitive. In some cases the gerund and infinitive have the same meaning, in other cases they have different meanings.
Full and bare infinitive
1. Full infinitive (with 'to')

There are many expressions in English which can be followed by the full infinitive only: agree, ask, choose, decide, encourage, fail, forbid, force, hope, instruct, invite, learn, manage, offer, order, permit, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, remind, seem, warn, be about, turn out, would like.
I agreed to pay for it.
She turned out to be a liar.
2. Bare infinitive (without 'to')

Some expressions are used with the bare infinitive only: can, may, must, needn't, let, would rather, had better
I must be off now.
We'd rather sleep at home.
Other expressions can be followed by both the bare and full infinitive ( dare, help) or by the bare infinitive and gerund ( feel, hear, see, watch).
I helped her carry/to carry the bag.
We saw the lion kill/killing the goat.
Read more: Infinitive
Gerund only
In English there are verbs, phrasal verbs, prespositional phrases and other expressions followed only by gerunds:

Verbs: admit, consider, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, insist, keep, mind, miss, recall, risk, suggest, tolerate...
Phrasal verbs: care for, call off, end up, get over, give up...
Prepositional phrases: care for, call off, end up, get over, give up...
Other expressions: can't stand, can't help, it's no use/good, it's worth, have a good time, have no problem...
I wanted to be fit and I kept exercising.
My husband gave up smoking when he was thirty.
I can't help laughing when I see you new haircut.
Read more: Gerund
Gerund and infinitive with the same meaning
The meaning remains the same after expressions such as:
begin, advise, allow, can't bear, continue, intend, it needs, it wants, recommend, start

Examples:
When did you start learning/to learn German?
The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.
Gerund and infinitive with different meanings
Some expressions can be followed by both gerund and infinitive, but these forms have different meanings: remember, try, stop, love, like, hate, prefer, go on, mean, be afraid, be sorry.

I remember buying the batteries in the supermarket. (I know where I bought the batteries.)
I remembered to buy the batteries. (I didn't forget to buy the batteries.)

I like doing homework. (I enjoy it.)
I like to do my homework as soon as I come home. (It's good for me.)

Read more: Gerund and infinitive
Our tip: English grammar books PDF

All PDF exercises and grammar rules from this website.

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Verbs followed by gerund and infinitive exercises PDF

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PDF worksheets, exercises with answers, grammar rules and lists of verbs followed by gerund and infinitive.

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Write an example wirh each of the verbs he mentions

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Is it TO or ING? - Learn English Grammar

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Third conditional

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I Feel Responsible for You - Practice the Third Conditional with "Once Upon a Time"

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Third Conditional

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Third Conditional If Clause: Unlucky in Love (Comical Love Story - ESL Video) (Mixed conditionals)

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Practise the 3rd conditional with this presentation. For upper int EFL students

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Verbs followed by 'ing' or by 'to + infinitive' (2)

When one verb is followed by another, the second verb can either be an infinitive or an -ing form. Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive, or an -ing form but with a change in meaning. These are some of the most common ones.

like

With an 'ing' form, ' like' means ' enjoy '

I like to wash up as soon as I finish eating.

I might not enjoy washing up but I think it's the right thing to do.

Remember that 'would like' can only be followed by an infinitive.

I'd like to go to Japan next year, if possible.
try

I'm trying to learn Japanese but it's very difficult.

Try + to + infinitive means that something is difficult and you make an attempt to do it.

Have you tried using butter instead of oil?

Try + 'ing' means make an experiment. It's not difficult - it might work, it might not.

stop

Stop + 'ing' tells us what has stopped. in this example, buying a newspaper.

I've stopped buying a newspaper every day to try to save money.

Stop + to + infinitive tells us why something stopped. In this example the reason that the bus stopped was to pick up the children.

The bus stopped to pick up the children.
remember /forget

Don't forget to post that letter for me.

Did you remember to post that letter for me?

Remember/forget + to + infinitive means that you remember something you have to do - a duty or a chore.

I'll always remember meeting you for the first time.

I'll never forget meeting you for the first time.

Remember/forget + 'ing' form means remember something you did in the past - an event or an activity.

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Verbs followed by 'ing' or by 'to + infinitive' 2

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Verbs followed by 'ing' or by 'to + infinitive' (2) When one verb is followed by another, the second verb can either be an infinitive or an -ing form. Some verbs can be followed by either an infinitive, or an -ing form but with a change in meaning.

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Article layout

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3 adults reminiscing on their earliest childhood memory.

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Is it true the fact that our thoughts can change our actions?

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Is it true the fact that our thoughts can change our actions?

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Wish and If only

Wish and ' If only' are both used to talk about regrets - things that we would like to change either about the past or the present.

Talking about the present

If only I didn't have so much homework I could go to the concert tonight. She has a lot of homework and she can't go to the concert.

I wish you didn't live so far away.

I wish I knew what to do.

When we talk about present regrets, both wish and if only are followed by the past simple tense. The past tense emphasises that we are talking about something 'unreal'.

Talking about the past

I wish I'd studied harder when I was at school. He didn't study harder when he was at school.

I wish I hadn't eaten all that chocolate. I feel sick.

If only I'd known you were coming.

Both wish and if only are followed by the past perfect tense when we talk about past regrets.

Wish/if only and would

We use wish + would to talk about something in the present that we would like to change - usually something that we find annoying.

I wish you wouldn't borrow my clothes without asking.

I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.

I wish you'd give up smoking. it's really bad for you.

NB We can only use wish + would to talk about things we can't change.

SoI wish I wouldn't eat so much chocolate is not possible although we can say I wish I didn't eat so much chocolate.

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Wish and If only Wish and ' If only' are both used to talk about regrets - things that we would like to change either about the past or the present. Talking about the present If only I didn't have so much homework I could go to the concert tonight.

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Using Wish Grammar Lesson! Learn How to Use the Verb Wish in English with useful grammar rules and example sentences.

When we want to express a wish/desire in English for a situation to be different to what it actually is then it is very common to use the verb "to wish". This verb can be used in different tenses depending on what we desire or desired to be different.

Learn more about English Conditionals.

How to Use Wish in English Grammar

Wish + Past Simple

To express that we want a situation in the present (or future) to be different.

Examples:

I wish I ate more vegetables. (I don't eat more vegetables.)

He wishes he had a new house. (He does not have a new house.)

They wish it was August. (It isn't August.)

I wish I had a bigger car. (Because my car is too small).

I wish it was the summer holidays (but it isn't - I'm still at school).

Wish + Past Continuous

To express that we want to be doing a different activity in the present (or the future).

Examples:

I wish I was playing badminton now. (I'm studying English.)

I wish it weren't raining now. (It is raining now.)

wish you were coming to my party next week. (You are not coming to my party next week.)

Wish + Past Perfect

This wish grammar structure expresses regret. This means we want to be able to change a situation in the past.

Wish sentences:

They wish they hadn't lost the photo. It was a really good one. (They lost the photo.)

I wish I hadn't done it. (I did it.)

He wishes he had studied more for their exam. (They didn't study more for their exam.)

He wishes he had studied harder when he was at school. (He didn't study hard enough - perhaps if he had studied harder he would have gone to university.)

They wish they hadn't scored that goal! (They scored a goal and as a result they probably won't win the match).

Wish + Would

To express that we want something to happen.

Examples:

I wish my car would start. (I can't make it start and I want it to start).

I wish the lesson would end. (I want it to end).

To express that we want someone to start doing something they do not do.

Example:

To express that we want someone to stop doing something which annoys us.

Examples:

I wish you wouldn't borrow my clothes!

I wish my mum wouldn't phone me every five minutes!

Wish + To Infinitive

We can also use "wish" to express "want" in a formal situation, by using wish + to infinitive.

Example:

I wish to make a complaint and would like to see the manager.

Note: We can use subject + wish + someone as a fixed expression to congratulate them or desire them well.

Wish sentences examples:

We wish you a Merry Christmas.

We wish you a Happy Birthday.

I wish her luck in her new career.

She wishes her sister the best of happiness.

Expressing Wishes: Wish Sentences | Image

Pin

I Wish/ If Only

eans If o nly m I wish. We use I wish... and If only... when we regret something or when we would like something to be different than the way it is. If only is usually stronger than I wish.

Wish sentences:

I wish I could fly. = If only I could fly.

I wish they would stop fighting. = If only they would stop fighting.

After I wish and If only we can say were/weren't instead of was/wasn't.

Example:

Conditionals - Wish - Unless
English Conditionals

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Using WISH in English Grammar | I Wish - If Only

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Using Wish Grammar Lesson! Learn How to Use the Verb Wish in English with useful grammar rules and example sentences. When we want to express a wish/desire in English for a situation to be diffe...

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Directed by Hirokazu Koreeda. With Kôki Maeda, Ohshirô Maeda, Masami Nagasawa, Kirin Kiki. Twelve-year-old Koichi, who has been separated from his brother Ryunosuke due to his parents' divorce, hears a rumor that the new bullet trains will precipitate a wish-granting miracle when they pass each other at top speed.

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https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/w172w4g140kwffn

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Second conditional If + past, would + infinitive If I were rich I would travel round the world We use the extructure If + past, would + infinitive to tal…