# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
CSIM - How Latin music went mainstream 1980s to present day.docx

# data[].attributes.body
My Padlet is my main planning sours, this will help me to organize my research and notes when constructing my assignment. The areas of my pallet include...

My notes for every week

Including my personal thoughts an opinions

Relevant music references

Links for articles and books I’m intending to use

Mind maps for constructing my assignment

# data[].attributes.body
Designes so well and fit for purpose for over the lats 200 years.

# data[].attributes.body
1980 to 2018

# data[].attributes.body
Havana

# data[].attributes.body
Conga

# data[].attributes.headline
incorporate musical instruments for you assignment 

# data[].attributes.subject
incorporate musical instruments for you assignment 

# data[].attributes.body
- talk about the history of Spanish instruments

- how it developed over time

-

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Latin Went Mainstream, and Why It Will Continue to Happen. Survey

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Please take the survey titled "How Latin Went Mainstream, and Why It Will Continue to Happen.". Your feedback is important!

# data[].attributes.body
List paragraphs should include words like: similarly, additionally, next, another example, as well, furthermore, another, firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, and so on.

Cause and effect paragraphs should include words like: consequently, as a result, therefore, outcomes included, results indicated, and so on.

Compare and contrast paragraphs should include words like: on the other hand, by contrast, similarly, in a similar way, conversely, alternatively, and so on.

Problem solution paragraphs should include words like: outcomes included, identified problems included, other concerns were overcome by, and so on.

# data[].attributes.body
the study of the effect on the human brain

the study of music as an academic subject, as distinct from training in performance or composition; scholarly research into music.

# data[].attributes.body
How you view the world (Ontology)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Chartmetric data as of: Jan 29, 2018
"Latin music has truly become a universal language. We want to not only celebrate, but continue to foster that growth by bringing fans one step closer to their favorite Latin artists, while giving emerging artists a platform to reach new ears." - Rocio Guerrero, Head of Global Cultures at Spotify (via Spotify blog)

So despite Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's 2018 Grammy performance as well as their three landmark nominations (Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Duo/Group Performance), " Despacito" didn't win any of them, surprising many due to its unprecedented success as a Latin song on the global stage.

Since we're into data here at Chartmetric, let's explore the bigger picture from a numbers angle.

In our Dec 2017 Latin boy band deep dive, we learned there were ~559 million Spanish speakers worldwide. According to the US Census in mid-2016, there were 57.5 million Hispanic people within the leading music market in the world (closely mirroring the 52.6 million Spanish speakers Instituto Cervantes estimated in the US). At the time, that was about 17.8% of the total US population (323.4 million), making them the "largest ethnic or racial minority" in the States.

Or, to Spotify: a really, really good market opportunity- one projected to grow to 119 million in the US alone (28.6%) by 2060.

Enter: Viva Latino, Spotify's premiere brand for the best in today's Latin music. When we explored RapCaviar back in Nov 2017, Spotify's owned and operated rap playlist campaign was well underway: slick in-house content & graphics, vertical mobile-phone optimized videos, and a live concert series to boot, as The Verge's Micah Singleton showed us. It is Spotify's way of diversifying their revenue streams in what is still a complicated and highly political digital music environment.

But how global is Latin music? Sure, Spotify's Will Page stated how Mexico and Brazil is on track to out-number the UK and Germany in users. Yes, Puerto Rico and Colombia are killing the reggaeton game. And the industry took note when IFPI yet again named Latin America as the fastest growing recorded music market region in 2016 (12% increase in regional revenue) for the 7th year straight.

To answer, we first look to Viva Latino.

Viva Latino: The Rundown

As Spotify's #4 most popular playlist with 7.2 million followers (with 9K+ daily growth since May 2017), Viva Latino currently runs behind the pop juggernaut Today's Top Hits, the Global Top 50, and Tuma Basa's RapCaviar. It's backed up at the #5 spot by its closely related sibling, Baila Reggaeton, which shares a whopping 70% of the same tracks (37) as Viva Latino at the time of writing. It's important to note that despite the similar DNA both lists share, they're not the same.

While certainly arguable (as are most cultural distinctions), all reggaeton is considered Latin (at least in its Jamaican/Panamanian/Puerto Rican/Carribean origins from the 1990s), but not all Latin is reggaeton. While Baila Reggaeton's 50 tracks all feature its most distinctive trait- the "3+3+2" riddim (check out Fader's Adam Harper's explanation)- not all of Viva Latino's tracks do. For example, Karol G/Bad Bunny/Quavo's " Ahora Me Llama (Remix)" features classic trap beats we're familiar with from recent Migos work, and " Besos En Guerra " brings pop/rock sounds from Colombia's Morat and Juanes.

Any current similarity will always be a dynamic relationship- akin to disco or grunge briefly dominating US charts in their respective eras- but Latin music will continue to be a collection of diverse voices that speak to its different populations and tastes.

Viva Latino updates its 50 tracks + videos every Friday, and shows a Big Three label shift from what we're used to in the US pop sphere: Sony Music leads the pack at 19 total tracks. Universal takes a #2 slot (13 tracks) with Warner Music in #3 (7 tracks) with its international affiliates combined.

Lastly, as we've explored with Echo Nest's Valence metric (measures the "musical positiveness") in the past, Viva Latino shows quite the opposite profile from Today's Top Hits and RapCaviar's darker, down-trodden moods. With 11 tracks in the 90-100 range and only two ranking below 50, it means that- at least this week- Latin music is happier! ¡Dale!

Looking for Latin, Cross-Platform

To examine Latin music via a generic lens, we take a digital charts approach. If Viva Latino's 50 tracks are our proxy for the best of the meta-genre streaming worldwide, where else can we find today's Latin hits, across digital platforms?

In this crack team of artists, we find multiple appearances from Puerto Rican giants Daddy Yankee, Wisin, Ozuna, and Bad Bunny, as well as Colombian heavy hitters such as J Balvin, Maluma, Sebastián Yatra and Manuel Turizo. Anitta solely represents Brazil with multiple appearances, though the blend of Spanish and Portuguese language continues to be addressed by collaborations such as Maluma's "Corazón" (video below) featuring Brazilian rapper Nego do Borel. This can only be encouraged by the fact that Brazil is the strongest subscription market in the region towards the end of 2017, according to MIDiA.

We've checked how many of the 50 tracks and their artists have shown up through nine key charts for the closest respective time period (week of Jan 25 or day of Jan 25/26) through Spotify, Apple Music, iTunes (downloads), and Shazam.

Each chart has two stats: percentage of exact tracks in common with this week's Viva Latino playlist and percentage of tracks with those same artists present (many times a remix, sometimes an entirely different track). This way, we can track specific music but also get a sense of any larger trends of today's Latin stars.

Note the Spotify/Apple Music "Playlists" charts indicate the top 100 releases over the past 30 days that are over-indexing in playlist inclusion, so they'll point to tracks currently receiving broad reach. These are both filters within the Chartmetric Charts tool- feel free to follow along (on the top navigation bar) if you're a client!

The easiest insights pop out first: naturally, Spotify charts will have most in common with Viva Latino, as Spotify uses their own playlists (in part) to populate it. Spotify's Top 200 (Global) have the most in common by track (17%) and artist (22%), while its Viral 50 (Global) and Trending on Spotify Playlists (Global) also sit high on our chart.

The globally-oriented charts bubble up toward the top- a nod to the worldwide nature of reggaeton, while the USA region charts sink towards the bottom. In addition, Shazam's USA Top 100 only had five track matches and nine artist matches, though that's a unique data source, as it is a subset of the music that its American users experience in the physical world (e.g., what clubs are they going to? Don't most restaurants/cafes play Top 40 fare?). Nevertheless, the numbers call into question how deep the love is for Latin music stateside, at least from this perspective. From another, the absence of Grammy wins certainly doesn't help.

It is also worth noting the relative non-performance of Latin music on Apple Music relative to Spotify. Both are available in the majority of LatAm markets. The only significant differences are Uruguay (Spotify, no Apple Music), and Venezuela (Apple Music, no Spotify). One would expect therefore to see similar proportions of Apple's hottest charts showing the Latin surge.

While the truth is usually a combination of factors, it may be as simple as lower market share: in Q2 2016, Spotify took 64.1% of the Mexican streaming market compared to Apple Music's 8.1%. Billboard's Cherie Hu notes that Mexico has grown from a piracy-laden environment to being the third largest streaming market by volume, and therefore, a big player in the digital space.

Shrewdly, Spotify took a head-start in the LatAm region (with Mexico in 2013), achieving widespread adoption prior to the launch of Apple Music. Chaz Jenkins, CEO of Fumubi and Chartmetric Advisor, believes that impact is multiplied by the readiness of LatAm consumers to engage socially: "LatAm consumers are more likely to use Spotify as a 'social platform' rather than simply as a place to listen to music. This can result in rapid escalations in consumption of content anywhere within the borderless Spotify environment, but the results are far more noticeable when content is as such 'championed' by LatAm consumers."

He also notes the nuanced user base/revenue relationship: "And although the common assumption in the US and Europe is that consumers in LatAm regions simply use the ad-funded Spotify tier - an option that is not offered by Apple Music -  Spotify's ratio of subscribers to ad-funded users in key LatAm markets is little different from the global average, and actually exceeds several key European markets. Many of these subscriptions may generate a lower ARPU (average revenue per user) than in Europe, however, it's important to remember than the LatAm region accounts for two of Spotify's largest markets measured by number of users."

What of Latin music's personalities? The Spotify Playlists (Global) chart features a significant amount of Latin content, yet has 2.5 times more tracks of Viva Latino artists on other releases. With some of these tracks getting serious user-generated playlist attention (e.g., Enrique Iglesias and Bad Bunny's "EL BAÑO" bowing on 539 and 318 playlists on Spotify and Apple Music respectively), this suggests the broader influence these Latin artists have, outside of whatever tracks Spotify's brand is deeming important at this time.

Like we've seen in RapCaviar artists, Viva Latino's soldiers are heavy on the collaborations and feature spots, cross-pollinating their audiences to great effect and raising the overall tide. Additionally, Latin artists have the unique option of pulling from various Latin genres to maximize reach, most evident in Maluma's "Felices los 4", or loosely translated "The Four of Us, Happy"- releasing a salsa/urban/pop version in addition to the original (which is what is on Viva Latino).

Tracking Latin Sounds Globally

"There are Latin people all over the world, but it's not just Latin people listening." - Rocio Guerrero, Head of Global Cultures at Spotify (via Splinter's Gabriela Resto-Montero)

What will be fascinating to watch is the effect the Latin community will have as it shares its culture, finally unleashed by digital streaming. MIDiA's Mark Mulligan conceptualized a new globalized streaming paradigm in which Latin America (due to its socio-economics & sheer size) will create new hits through its huge streaming appetite and tip the algorithmic scales at platforms such as Spotify and YouTube. Snowballing into more playlist and recommendation spins, these hits will eventually pop on North American and European users' radar, whose subscription revenues (due to more established infrastructure) will ultimately fund the next wave of hits. Lather, rinse, repeat.

However it happens, we continue to get closer to a truly global music community, with Jesús Lopéz (UMG Latin America Chief Executive) rightly noting the rising democratization of music consumption. Grammys or not, streaming will be the ultimate arbiter of whose voices get heard on the world stage. More importantly, it will be the gateway to international branding partnerships, foreign touring opportunities, and cross-market collaborations.

Just ask Luis Fonsi: he's now huge in East Asia with Singaporean star JJ Lin since his latest release on Jan 25, 2018.

It's a track called "緩緩". Maybe you've heard of it.
Liked the read? Smash that Clap button below, and follow our work here on Medium. Like the tool? Check it out ! Questions? Reach out at hi (at) chartmetric.io .

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Viva Latino: Spotify's Flagship Playlist for the Latin Market

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Chartmetric data as of: Jan 29, 2018 "Latin music has truly become a universal language.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A grand total of 19 predominantly Spanish-language tracks made it onto the Billboard Hot 100 in 2017. They include, of course, Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's "Despacito," which is now tied for the longest-running No. 1 ever, in any language, on the Hot 100.

While that's been touted as the big news of the year, the sheer number of Spanish tracks on the chart is of far more import. Consider this: In 2016, only four Spanish-language tracks made it to the Hot 100 and Hot Latin Songs. In 2015? Three.

Then, in 2017, a spectacular jump to 19. They include the original versions of "Despacito" and "Mi Gente," as both made the chart in their Spanish versions -- plus "Almost Like Praying," Lin-Manuel Miranda's ode to Puerto Rico, whose lyrics include th name of many Puerto Rico cities and towns.

Regardless of how you mix and match it, the reality remains that never in the modern history of the Billboard charts have so many tracks in Spanish coexisted on the Hot 100. So what happened?

The easy answer is streaming. And yes, that's a huge factor. Streaming numbers are a large part of what informs the Hot 100, and it's no secret that the global clout of platforms like Spotify and YouTube has allowed an increasing number of Latin tracks to seep into the upper echelons of streaming charts. If we go by radio alone, well, you can be assured that American Top 40 radio isn't playing Maluma, Wisin or Romeo Santos.

But at the core of this new, unprecedented opening toward Latin music, are fundamental changes in the way the business is conducted and in the music itself.

As far as the music goes, it's danceable. That's a major key, because by making us think with our feet instead of our head, it becomes language-agnostic. And it's produced for a global ear-another major factor, which sounds so obvious, except it isn't. For years, Latin pop was produced primarily for Latin audiences. Think country: Yes, it has fans outside of its core, but it's rare to see country music travel to other regions.

Latin pop was largely a crooner's game. It relied on romantic ballads, heart-wrenching lyrics and heavy, string-laden arrangements. That made for big hits in the Latin realm (and thank God for songs like "Si No Te Hubieras Ido," "Vuelve" or "El Buen Perdedor" -- how could we have survived heartache otherwise?). But global impact was always the purview of danceable tracks, from Los Del Rio's "Macarena" to Elvis Crespo's "Suavemente" to Ricky Martin's "Livin La Vida Loca" to Juanes' "La Camisa Negra." These tracks were able to break the barrier of mainstream radio back in the day, in their original versions.

Now, thanks to the impact of reggaeton, we suddenly have an avalanche of danceable Latin tracks with a pop feel, and the combination is universally appealing. Witness Maluma, whose music seems to work in every language and every territory.

The clincher, however, has been collaborations -- both between Latin acts, and between Latin and mainstream acts. Yes, "Despacito" was a hit pre-Bieber, but it became a juggernaut once he got on the track. Same for "Mi Gente" and Beyonce and now, Cardi B with Ozuna on "A Modelo." The fact that the biggest acts in the world want to record in Spanish opens ears for Latin music around the world.

As for the business, Latin divisions are working more closely than ever with their mainstream and global counterparts, and it shows in the consistency of the results.

As Charlie Walk, president of The Republic Group put it, "We're thinking not as a U.S.-based label but as a global label... Songs like 'Despacito' and 'Mi Gente' become so big globally not just because of the song but because of their sound. In a world where hip-hop is so big, we now get to include the Latin genre as something that plays widely in the mainstream audience."

If we look back at the past 30 years, we find that occasional Latin hit that broke into the European charts but never quite made it in the mainstream U.S. charts. Now, a different kind of Latin approach has made for global hits that, thanks to streaming, are able to come full circle and work in the U.S. as well. And so, we look back at a Hot 100 chart that had 19 Spanish-language or predominantly Spanish language tracks in the 2017 calendar year.

One month into 2018, the trend shows no signs of abating. There were seven all-Spanish or predominantly Spanish songs on the Hot 100 dated Jan. 20 -- "Despacito," "Mi Gente," "La Modelo," "Echame La Culpa," "Krippy Kush," "Corazon" and "Mayores" -- featuring Latin acts from multiple countries collaborating in previously unheard of ways. It could well be a new reality that's been a long time in the making.
Here are all 19 songs that charted on both the Hot 100 and Hot Latin Songs charts in 2017:
Title, Artist, Peak Date, Peak Position
"Despacito," Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee Featuring Justin Bieber, 5/27/2017, No. 1
"Mi Gente," J Balvin & Willy William Featuring Beyonce, 10/21/2017, No. 3
"Almost Like Praying," Lin-Manuel Miranda Featuring Artists For Puerto Rico, 10/28/2017, No. 20
"Feliz Navidad," Jose Feliciano, 1/7/2017, No. 44
"Echame La Culpa," Luis Fonsi & Demi Lovato, 12/9/2017, No. 47
"Felices Los 4," Maluma, 8/5/2017, No. 48
"Chantaje," Shakira Featuring Maluma, 1/21/2017, No. 51
"Escapate Conmigo," Wisin Featuring Ozuna, 9/9/2017, No. 63
"Mayores," Becky G Featuring Bad Bunny, 12/9/2017, No. 74
"Heroe Favorito," Romeo Santos, 3/4/2017, No. 77
"Subeme La Radio," Enrique Iglesias Featuring Descemer Bueno, Zion & Lennox Or Sean Paul, 4/22/2017, No. 81
"Me Enamore," Shakira, 6/17/2017, No. 83
"Krippy Kush," Farruko, Nicki Minaj, Bad Bunny, 21 Savage & Rvssian, 12/16/2017 No. 86
"Shaky Shaky," Daddy Yankee, 1/21/2017, No. 88
"Imitadora," Romeo Santos, 8/12/2017, No. 91
"El Amante," Nicky Jam, 8/5/2017, No. 92
"Perro Fiel," Shakira Featuring Nicky Jam, 12/16/2017, No. 100
"Bella y Sensual," Romeo Santos Featuring Nicky Jam & Daddy Yankee, 12/23/2017, No. 95
"Criminal," Natti Natasha x Ozuna, 12/23/2017, No. 99
Here are the Latin tracks that made both charts in 2016:
Title, Artist, Peak Date, Peak Position
"La Bicicleta," Carlos Vives & Shakira," 7/30/2016, No. 95
"Duele El Corazon," Enrique Iglesias Featuring Wisin, 7/30/2016, No. 82
"With You Tonight / Hasta El Amanecer," Nicky Jam, 6/11/2016, No. 73
"Chantaje," Shakira Featuring Maluma, 11/19/2016, No. 71
Here are the Latin tracks that made both charts in 2015:
Title, Artist, Peak Date, Peak Position
"Ginza," J Balvin, 11/7/2015, No. 84
"El Perdon (Forgiveness)," Nicky Jam & Enrique Iglesias, 9/26/2015, No. 56
"Back It Up," Prince Royce Featuring Jennifer Lopez & Pitbull, 6/27/2015, No. 92

Click here to watch the CBS report on reggaeton rising:
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/reggaeton-rising/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Latin Went Mainstream, and Why It Will Continue to Happen in 2018

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A grand total of 19 predominantly Spanish-language tracks made it onto the Billboard Hot 100 in 2017. They include, of course, Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's "Despacito," which is now tied for the longest-running No. 1 ever, in any language, on the Hot 100.

# data[].attributes.body
The effects of

technology

Business

Politics

On the process of making and listening to music.

Art Forms

Religion/ Cultural

Generations

Fashion

Expression/ feeling/ mood/ emotion

Inspiration

Movies/ games

Dance/ theatre/ festivals

Sport

Films/ Story telling/ Sound effects

Myths

Artistic expression

How was music used apart from listening to it.

Shops / restaurants / café

Gives a good atmosphere and encourages people towards the place.

Social gatherings/ weddings/ festivals

Gives good atmosphere, a grate way to engage with other people.

Tv shows/ adverts

Makes the advert more interesting and engages the audience.

Theme songs/ film/ episodes/ trailer

Audience can recognise the theme with the related show or film. Music can also set the mood, give interest and add emotion.

How has technology made us listen to music changes the way music is.

# data[].attributes.headline
HOW LATIN MUSIC WENT MAINSTREAM FROM 1980'S TO PRESENT DAY?

# data[].attributes.subject
HOW LATIN MUSIC WENT MAINSTREAM FROM 1980'S TO PRESENT DAY?

# data[].attributes.body
JUSTIFICATION FOR CHOOSING THE QUESTION

•Most of the music I listen to is Latin pop

•I’ve recently composed a song inspired by this genre

•I’m fascinated about the culture and history of Spain

•what to understand Why latin music is used in mainstream music

•want to Understand the history of latin culture

THE BOOKS AND AUTHORS INTENDED FOR RESEARCH

AND ONLINE REFERENCING

•The Latin Tinge : The Impact of Latin American Music on the United States - John Storm Roberts -the history

•How Latin Went Mainstream, and Why It Will Continue to Happen in 2018 - Leila Cobo

•Latin music: a wave is reaching the UK - Paula Rincon

•Music of Latin America - From Wikipedia

What I will Research for this assignment

- impact of music through the culture and society of Spain, Cuba and America and how that music has influenced and evolved to what we listen to nowadays as Latin pop

- I will also be researching how art, dance and movies have incorporated Latin music and latin culture and how these aspects have evolved over time

- Also researching what instruments are used

the design and construction

if they have a specific tuning

and include how music theory has had an impact on Latin music

- And finally I will be researching the relationship between music and the human mind

Which will be incorporated by comparing the contrast between various cultures and societies ranging from the 80’s onwards

WHAT RESEARCH I’M PLANNING TO DO

•Online survey through Survey Monkey

•Books through Boots library

•Online books

•Online Articles

RESEARCH SO FAR

•https://padlet.com/krista_mjford/2kmrgm3ns9xn

On my padlet

Shows

My notes through out the term

Including my personal thoughts an opinions

Relevant music such as Havan by camellia cabello

Curtain links for articles and books I’m intending to use

# data[].attributes.body
Knowledge and Understanding.
After studying this module you should be able to:

1. Research and analyse the impact of music and musical performance on cultures and society, including the use of music in other art forms.

2. Explore, through research, the relationship between music and human emotion, making reference to musical theory.

3. Examine variations and cultural differences relating to the design, construction and tuning of musical instruments.

Skills, Qualities and Attributes.

After studying this module you should be able to:

1. Manage your time effectively in order to carry out a small scale research project.

2. Utilise effective presentation techniques when communicating ideas, intentions and the results of research.

# data[].attributes.headline
Things to include for initial presentation 

# data[].attributes.subject
Things to include for initial presentation 

# data[].attributes.body
- present a clear plan of your intended research

- Provide an overview of the approach you intend to take in order to address each outcome of the assignment

- Include a description of the books and authors intended for research

- Submit a short written summary of 500 words that includes references to your research objectives, relevant studies and researches that you have studies for this task

Your tutor will be looking for evidence of you initial research strategies and objectives, demonstrating constructive insight and also referencing research in the field.

# data[].attributes.headline
Six types of song - Religion (ritual & Belief) 

# data[].attributes.subject
Six types of song - Religion (ritual & Belief) 

# data[].attributes.body
- is perfect pitch inherited or learned?

# data[].attributes.body
- music - the perfect cure for heartbreak
- music in operating theatre
- lullaby - why/how

# data[].attributes.body
The term Chicano became popular in the 1960s when it gained usage with increasing agricultural boycotts. You can learn more about Latino music and culture at the American Jazz Museum called American Sabor: Latinos in U.S. Popular Music.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The music of Latin America refers to music originating from Latin America, namely the Romance-speaking countries and territories of the Americas and the Caribbean south of the United States. Latin American music also incorporates African music from slaves who were transported to the Americas by European settlers as well as music from the indigenous peoples of the Americas.

# data[].attributes.body
latin music has pushed through mainstream pop music becoming a international platform where all people form different backgrounds and cultures can enjoy the music.

# data[].attributes.body
Languages and their boundaries
the affect on music and how it brings people together no matter what boundary

# data[].attributes.body
latin
Kpop
spanish
french

# data[].attributes.body
Internet
Youtube
books
surveys
statistics and analyitics
Method research circle

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
by Caitlin Peterkin

Since the late 1950's, musicology and ethnomusicology have often been considered distinct fields. Now, many professionals - and college music departments - combine the two under "musicology."

"They are not different fields. That division is a legacy of the 20th century," says Dr. Eduardo Herrera at Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University. "Musicology today encompasses the study of all music in all times and places using all different methods."

However, the principle distinction between the terms is that musicology studies the development of music through time, while ethnomusicology looks at music in any given culture.

For example, Dr. Steven Zohn, a Music Studies professor at Temple University Boyer College of Music & Dance, says to consider an artifact, such as Australian Aboriginal clapsticks. "Musicologists tend to study the actual musical artifact, while ethnomusicologists are usually a little less concerned with the actual artifact and more with the cultural forces that produced that artifact," he says.

Professionals also emphasize that musicology, while it heavily examines music in the historical context, is not limited to the past; many examine the popular music of today. "You can go to a conference where you might hear a paper on Lady Gaga as well as medieval music," says Dr. Zohn.

Do You Need a PhD?

Because musicology is so heavily research-oriented, most programs are at the graduate level. Many professionals encourage pursuing both a Master's and PhD if you want to follow the traditional musicology route: doing extensive research, getting published, and teaching at the university level.

"Almost everyone who works in the field has a graduate degree," says Dr. Daniel Melamed, professor and chair of the Department of Musicology at Indiana University Jacobs School of Music. "Most everybody who teaches and publishes has a PhD."

While several undergraduate programs do exist,
they are typically called "music studies" or "music history."

"It's fairly rare to encounter a major specifically called 'musicology' at the undergraduate level," says Dr. Thomas Riis of the University of Colorado Boulder College of Music. If you're unsure about committing to graduate school, these programs are a good introduction to musicology, especially since most graduate and doctoral programs require degrees in music, music history, or musicology.

"A Bachelor of Arts with a concentration of music is often the best way to prepare yourself," says Riis. Students should take music theory and history courses, become involved in world music groups, and study traditional instrumental performance. "All of those are good preparation," he adds.

"Undergraduate students who think they might be interested in musicology should take all the music history classes that fit in their curriculum," agrees Dr. Melamed, "but should start by becoming the best performers, analysts, readers, and writers they can. There is plenty of time after a bachelor's degree to take music history and musicology courses - that's what graduate school is for - but building a foundation of a solid musical and liberal arts education is the best first step."

Do you need to be proficient on an instrument?

"By and large, yes," says Dr. Ryan Bañagale, assistant professor of musicology at Colorado College. He received his PhD from Harvard with a dissertation on George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue. "You can be an absolute beginner at the outset, but basic keyboard skills and music analytical skills become important tools very quickly."

"The best musicologists I know are good musicians with solid training in an instrument, voice, conducting, or other performance," says Dr. Melamed at Indiana. "Most scholars are engaged with music in many ways, including as performers."

Temple University's curriculum for music history is very similar to performance, says Dr. Zohn. And while he believes many musicologists are unable to do serious performing because of the commitment to teaching and researching, he says many musicologists approach the field from a performance background. Zohn is a flutist who performs professionally part-time. "Personally, I think it's an advantage to have a hand on the practical side," he says. "It grounds you as a scholar, to not get too far away from music as practice."

"I doubt that anybody who's not that committed to music will do musicology - it's a complicated commitment," says Rutgers' Dr. Herrera, a trained classical guitarist.

Career Options

While the typical trajectory for a musicologist is earning a PhD, researching and getting published, and teaching at the university level, there are many other options in terms of career choices.

If you choose not to pursue advanced degrees, a background in music history or musicology can be essentially interpreted as a liberal arts degree."That means you can probably communicate well, write well, speak well, and do research," says Dr. Zohn. "Those are transferable skills to a lot of professions."

Alternatives to teaching:

Fields with a focus on research, reading & writing, and using critical thinking, including: law firms dedicated to copyright infringement; grant-making; editing; and publishing houses.

Museums, libraries, & archives: preserving instruments, manuscripts, photos, documents, and letters.

Other positions in education: teaching in high schools and prep schools; working in research centers, university administration.

Arts administration and management: concert halls; education departments of symphony orchestras; publishing.

Music technology and recording: public radio stations; recording studios; digital music publishing.

Tips for Finding a Program

Make sure the school offers flexibility in which courses you can take.

Who will teach your courses? Look for potential mentors and private instructors.

What ensembles and performance groups are open to you to join? Schools with world music groups, such as African dance ensembles, steel drum groups, and more offer great exposure and education.

Keep an open mind. "The best advice on going to college and choosing a major is to not be too preoccupied with 'What job am I going to get at the end of the line?' but 'How diversely am I going to be prepared, how am I going to be challenged in a way that enhances skills or aptitudes I already have?'" says Dr. Thomas Riis of UC-Boulder. "The field you want to be in may not even exist yet, so what you want to do is prepare yourself in the broadest way possible, in the program that matches your learning style as much as your passion for the learning content."

Find a program that offers as wide a range of music as possible, says Dr. Ryan Bañagale of Colorado College. "The greater your exposure to music, the more approaches to musicology you will encounter," he says.

_________________________________________________________

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
by Caitlin Peterkin Since the late 1950's, musicology and ethnomusicology have often been considered distinct fields. Now, many professionals - and college music departments - combine the two under "musicology." "They are not different fields. That division is a legacy of the 20th century," says Dr. Eduardo Herrera at Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University.

# data[].attributes.body
The Summer
- parties
- social gatherings
- Club
- live events
- DJ events

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
OneRepublic, Sebastián Yatra - No Vacancy (Audio)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Many think that the world is becoming more globalised and a proof of this is the many international fusions that exist in today's music.
British people are listening and dancing more and more to Latin songs like ' Despacito' or ' Mi Gente'. Both songs were top of the UK charts last summer. Fonsi's single was even considered the most streamed track in history because of its world-wide success.

But far from the popular Reggeaton stands authentic, traditional Latin American music, and it is slowly reaching the UK. London, the city of multiculturalism, is increasingly hosting more South American artists such as the alternative band Bomba Estéreo or the well-known Puerto Rican Farruko. It also holds big international events like La Línea, the Latin Music Festival which will take place this April.

Don't miss #LaLinea18 London's Latin festival loaded with a cocktail of fado, funk, electronica, afro-cuban rhythms with a dash of sunshine.
Full info & tickets: https://t.co/2n3ijP6AXa pic.twitter.com/Wl7R8Pmq03

- La Linea Festival (@LaLineaFest) February 5, 2018

Well-renowned Mexican artist Natalia Lafourcade has also seen the effects of the growing Latin music fans in the UK.

"I came here 9 years ago and there were 50 people", she said at her concert in Camden this week.

This time, the tickets for her concert in KOKO, a venue with a capacity of 1410 people, sold out. The pop-folk singer said:

"I could've never imagined what is happening here today. I just want to say that dreams really do come true."

Though the majority of the audience was Latin American and Spanish, many listeners were British. Though some struggled to pronounce her name, they easily flowed with the energy and rhythms of the stage. People from different age groups and nationalities danced together, forming one single bustling audience.

Les comparto este pedacito de la gira en Europa. Somos muy afortunados. #LafourcadeCDMXeuropa #Musas2 @promocionCDMX https://t.co/W30ctUZCZu

- Natalia Lafourcade (@lafourcade) February 16, 2018

"I'm sharing a piece of the European tour. We are very fortunate"
The singer spoke in English and Spanish, but she said: "We are going to speak in the universal language tonight. Music."

Lafourcade sung a combination of old and new songs. She moved from her pop success 'En el 2000', to her newest Cuban-rooted sound 'Tus ojitos'.

Her new album Musas vol. 2, was released less than a week ago. Inspired by Mexican traditional music, Natalia holds tradition like a precious magic that must be kept alive.

London was the first stop of her European tour, her next stop will be Paris and then Spain.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Many think that the world is becoming more globalised and a proof of this is the many international fusions that exist in today's music. British people are listening and dancing more and more to Latin songs like ' Despacito' or ' Mi Gente'. Both songs were top of the UK charts last summer.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mi Gente || English Version (With Lyrics)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
'Despacito' Is Officially the No. 1 Most-Viewed YouTube Video | Billboard News

# data[].attributes.body
- Use of music in war (Native Americans, Biblical Stories)
- Share my Buds! Audio Fidelity? Sharing music through earphones
- Tribal singing (To enable vigilance, foster closer bonds)
- Maoris
- Music as a means of communication (historical)
- Military kingship - Enhances synchronous behaviour
- Easing tension in social situations
- Call & response
- 60's free love (Woodstock)culturural devalopment
- Messages through the genre (Heavy metal - Kiss, Bob Marley)hedonistic hedonism
- Freedom/ peace/ protests songs (John Lennon)
- Charity songs (Live Aid)
- Overcomes languages barriers?
- Songs that encourage/ facilitate drug use?

# data[].attributes.body
- what was the purpose of the first song? birds singing
- Sting and the power of "eh-oh"
- Everything she does is magic
- Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah
- Songs of joy (Adverts?)
- Madona / levis 501
- Music in old age
- Joyful music facilitates trance states?
- can music facilitate recovery from illness
- is the love of music a genetic mutation?

# data[].attributes.body
The six types of song as defined by Daniel Levitin are:

- Friendship
- Joy
- Comfort
- Knowledge
- Religion
- Love

# data[].attributes.body
Music plays an integral part of everyday life across a diverse range of cultures and societies. In many ways, music provides the touchstones of human experience. Music can transcend language and cultural barriers. It can have an effect on individual and social identity, politics, fashion and technology.

This module encourages you to examine the historical significance of music and musical performance and its impact on global cultures and societies. You will also study the fundamental aspects of the psychology of music and its effect on the human brain in terms of emotive response to music and sound.

There is a strong emphasis on research throughout this module and you will be required to spend time carrying out independent research activities to widen your understanding of the subject area. There will also be practical aspects of the module with guest workshops and lectures from industry professionals.

# data[].attributes.body
Knowledge and Understanding:

Research and analyse the impact of music and musical performance on cultures and society, including the use of music in other art

Explore, through research, the relationship between music and human emotion, making reference to musical theory.
Examine variations and cultural differences relating to the design, construction and tuning of musical instruments.

Skills, Qualities and Attributes:

Manage your time effectively in order to carry out a small scale research project.

Utilise effective presentation techniques when communicating ideas, intentions and the results of research.

# data[].attributes.headline
Formative Assessment 1: Initial Research Presentation

# data[].attributes.subject
Formative Assessment 1: Initial Research Presentation

# data[].attributes.body
Assignment Brief

You will need to undertake a presentation of your initial research ideas to:

● Present a clear plan of your intended research.

● Provide an overview of the approach you intend to take in order to address each outcome of the assessment.

● Include a description of the books and authors intended for research

● Submit a short written summary of 500 words that includes reference to your research objectives, relevant studies and researchers that you have studied    for this task.

Your tutor will be looking for evidence of your initial research strategies and objectives, demonstrating constructive insight and also referencing research in the field.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Camila Cabello - Havana (Audio) ft. Young Thug

# data[].attributes.body
- With in the introduction of the project

- Ensure that you provide personalised definitions of the terminology within the learning outcomes
- Definition of the word culture

Break down the learning outcomes

Come white a list of intended outcomes

# data[].attributes.body
Everyone responds to music differently

Tell you what I think about musicology

Show your references to books and websites but incorporate your views and opinions on the matter Need to map the assignment

With the chosen module and I corporate your own opinions

Things that interest you

Music instalments

Artists

History on the microphone

Pop music era

History and development of a selected instrument

Of that you want to research

- drums

- Culture

- Rash sultana

- Michael Jackson

- Vocals

- Dance
- latin music
- languages​​​​​​​

# data[].attributes.body
- the history
- society
- research
- personal opinions
- examples of music

# data[].attributes.body
 Explain why some choices will be discarded.

 Justify why you have determined to pursue your particular area of

research.

 Include research references.

 Summary

# data[].attributes.body
 Provide a rationale for your choices of possible topics for research.

 Look to consider 3-5 areas of research.

# data[].attributes.body
 Use module overview and

restructure in the 1st person.

Expand on each learning

outcome and individualize to

match your research topic.

# data[].attributes.body
The core areas of study in this module

- Charity songs

The affect of music in society

- Elvis Presley

To bring awareness of black music

How music can be used as a political impact

- The corrs

Marketing there Irish culture into their pop music

- Musicology

The study of the history, theory and science of music

- A historical research

Musical theory

And the physical nature of sound

# data[].attributes.headline
Your research methods can be influenced by

# data[].attributes.subject
Your research methods can be influenced by

# data[].attributes.body
- How you view the world (ontology)
- What you think is the best way to investigate the topic (Epistemology)
-  They way you collate your research (methodology)
- The techniques you employ to collect your research

# data[].attributes.body
Research methods

World music styles

Musicology

Social, cultural impact of music

Historical developments in music

Consumer trends in music

# data[].attributes.body
All listed about is part of the uni criteria. You should include all these point in your assignment

What music means to you

Why it means something to you

# data[].attributes.body
Start with a quote in your assignment

Daniel leviten

Philip ball

Philip tagg

People listen to music to regulate arousal and mood. To achieve self-awareness, and as an expression of social relatedness.

The music represents the mind and feelings of the individual. You can relate and understand the music on a personal and emotional level.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A grand total of 19 predominantly Spanish-language tracks made it onto the Billboard Hot 100 in 2017. They include, of course, Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's "Despacito," which is now tied for the longest-running No. 1 ever, in any language, on the Hot 100.

While that's been touted as the big news of the year, the sheer number of Spanish tracks on the chart is of far more import. Consider this: In 2016, only four Spanish-language tracks made it to the Hot 100 and Hot Latin Songs. In 2015? Three.

Then, in 2017, a spectacular jump to 19. They include the original versions of "Despacito" and "Mi Gente," as both made the chart in their Spanish versions -- plus "Almost Like Praying," Lin-Manuel Miranda's ode to Puerto Rico, whose lyrics include th name of many Puerto Rico cities and towns.

Regardless of how you mix and match it, the reality remains that never in the modern history of the Billboard charts have so many tracks in Spanish coexisted on the Hot 100. So what happened?

The easy answer is streaming. And yes, that's a huge factor. Streaming numbers are a large part of what informs the Hot 100, and it's no secret that the global clout of platforms like Spotify and YouTube has allowed an increasing number of Latin tracks to seep into the upper echelons of streaming charts. If we go by radio alone, well, you can be assured that American Top 40 radio isn't playing Maluma, Wisin or Romeo Santos.

But at the core of this new, unprecedented opening toward Latin music, are fundamental changes in the way the business is conducted and in the music itself.

As far as the music goes, it's danceable. That's a major key, because by making us think with our feet instead of our head, it becomes language-agnostic. And it's produced for a global ear-another major factor, which sounds so obvious, except it isn't. For years, Latin pop was produced primarily for Latin audiences. Think country: Yes, it has fans outside of its core, but it's rare to see country music travel to other regions.

Latin pop was largely a crooner's game. It relied on romantic ballads, heart-wrenching lyrics and heavy, string-laden arrangements. That made for big hits in the Latin realm (and thank God for songs like "Si No Te Hubieras Ido," "Vuelve" or "El Buen Perdedor" -- how could we have survived heartache otherwise?). But global impact was always the purview of danceable tracks, from Los Del Rio's "Macarena" to Elvis Crespo's "Suavemente" to Ricky Martin's "Livin La Vida Loca" to Juanes' "La Camisa Negra." These tracks were able to break the barrier of mainstream radio back in the day, in their original versions.

Now, thanks to the impact of reggaeton, we suddenly have an avalanche of danceable Latin tracks with a pop feel, and the combination is universally appealing. Witness Maluma, whose music seems to work in every language and every territory.

The clincher, however, has been collaborations -- both between Latin acts, and between Latin and mainstream acts. Yes, "Despacito" was a hit pre-Bieber, but it became a juggernaut once he got on the track. Same for "Mi Gente" and Beyonce and now, Cardi B with Ozuna on "A Modelo." The fact that the biggest acts in the world want to record in Spanish opens ears for Latin music around the world.

As for the business, Latin divisions are working more closely than ever with their mainstream and global counterparts, and it shows in the consistency of the results.

As Charlie Walk, president of The Republic Group put it, "We're thinking not as a U.S.-based label but as a global label... Songs like 'Despacito' and 'Mi Gente' become so big globally not just because of the song but because of their sound. In a world where hip-hop is so big, we now get to include the Latin genre as something that plays widely in the mainstream audience."

If we look back at the past 30 years, we find that occasional Latin hit that broke into the European charts but never quite made it in the mainstream U.S. charts. Now, a different kind of Latin approach has made for global hits that, thanks to streaming, are able to come full circle and work in the U.S. as well. And so, we look back at a Hot 100 chart that had 19 Spanish-language or predominantly Spanish language tracks in the 2017 calendar year.

One month into 2018, the trend shows no signs of abating. There were seven all-Spanish or predominantly Spanish songs on the Hot 100 dated Jan. 20 -- "Despacito," "Mi Gente," "La Modelo," "Echame La Culpa," "Krippy Kush," "Corazon" and "Mayores" -- featuring Latin acts from multiple countries collaborating in previously unheard of ways. It could well be a new reality that's been a long time in the making.
Here are all 19 songs that charted on both the Hot 100 and Hot Latin Songs charts in 2017:
Title, Artist, Peak Date, Peak Position
"Despacito," Luis Fonsi & Daddy Yankee Featuring Justin Bieber, 5/27/2017, No. 1
"Mi Gente," J Balvin & Willy William Featuring Beyonce, 10/21/2017, No. 3
"Almost Like Praying," Lin-Manuel Miranda Featuring Artists For Puerto Rico, 10/28/2017, No. 20
"Feliz Navidad," Jose Feliciano, 1/7/2017, No. 44
"Echame La Culpa," Luis Fonsi & Demi Lovato, 12/9/2017, No. 47
"Felices Los 4," Maluma, 8/5/2017, No. 48
"Chantaje," Shakira Featuring Maluma, 1/21/2017, No. 51
"Escapate Conmigo," Wisin Featuring Ozuna, 9/9/2017, No. 63
"Mayores," Becky G Featuring Bad Bunny, 12/9/2017, No. 74
"Heroe Favorito," Romeo Santos, 3/4/2017, No. 77
"Subeme La Radio," Enrique Iglesias Featuring Descemer Bueno, Zion & Lennox Or Sean Paul, 4/22/2017, No. 81
"Me Enamore," Shakira, 6/17/2017, No. 83
"Krippy Kush," Farruko, Nicki Minaj, Bad Bunny, 21 Savage & Rvssian, 12/16/2017 No. 86
"Shaky Shaky," Daddy Yankee, 1/21/2017, No. 88
"Imitadora," Romeo Santos, 8/12/2017, No. 91
"El Amante," Nicky Jam, 8/5/2017, No. 92
"Perro Fiel," Shakira Featuring Nicky Jam, 12/16/2017, No. 100
"Bella y Sensual," Romeo Santos Featuring Nicky Jam & Daddy Yankee, 12/23/2017, No. 95
"Criminal," Natti Natasha x Ozuna, 12/23/2017, No. 99
Here are the Latin tracks that made both charts in 2016:
Title, Artist, Peak Date, Peak Position
"La Bicicleta," Carlos Vives & Shakira," 7/30/2016, No. 95
"Duele El Corazon," Enrique Iglesias Featuring Wisin, 7/30/2016, No. 82
"With You Tonight / Hasta El Amanecer," Nicky Jam, 6/11/2016, No. 73
"Chantaje," Shakira Featuring Maluma, 11/19/2016, No. 71
Here are the Latin tracks that made both charts in 2015:
Title, Artist, Peak Date, Peak Position
"Ginza," J Balvin, 11/7/2015, No. 84
"El Perdon (Forgiveness)," Nicky Jam & Enrique Iglesias, 9/26/2015, No. 56
"Back It Up," Prince Royce Featuring Jennifer Lopez & Pitbull, 6/27/2015, No. 92

Click here to watch the CBS report on reggaeton rising:
https://www.cbsnews.com/video/reggaeton-rising/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How Latin Went Mainstream, and Why It Will Continue to Happen in 2018

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A grand total of 19 predominantly Spanish-language tracks made it onto the Billboard Hot 100 in 2017. They include, of course, Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's "Despacito," which is now tied for the longest-running No. 1 ever, in any language, on the Hot 100.

# data[].attributes.headline
How latin music went mainstream from 1980's to present day?

# data[].attributes.subject
How latin music went mainstream from 1980's to present day?