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INDENTED                                  The first line of a paragraph is indented.
ONLY ONE TOPIC                       All of the sentences in the paragraph are about one
topic.
TOPIC SENTENCE                     A paragraph has a topic sentence with controlling
idea that states the main idea.
SUPPORTING DETAILS           The writer gives supporting details about the ideas
in the topic sentence.  At least three supporting
details.
CONCLUDING SENTENCE      The last sentence, or concluding sentence, brings
the paragraph to a logical conclusion.

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The steps in the process of writing a paragraph are:

developing ideas (brainstorming)

narrowing down the topic

creating the topic sentence and controlling idea(s)

writing supporting sentences (developing the ideas)

writing concluding sentences (ending the paragraph)

editing and revising your writing

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An essay is a collection of paragraphs that present facts, opinions, and ideas on a topic.  An essay can be as short as three or four paragraphs or as long as ten or more typed pages that include many paragraphs.
People write essays for many possible reasons.

As a common assignment for an English composition class.

Essays for other classes, such as literature, history, or science classes.

For students who want to enter a college or university.

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Essays are similar to paragraphs in a number of ways.  The chart below shows the main elements that paragraphs and essays have in common.

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The steps in writing an essay are similar to the steps in writing a good paragraph.  After brainstorm a suitable topic for an essay or paragraph, you think about an introduction, supporting ideas, and a conclusion.  For an essay, an important step is to make an outline.  Please check the following outline:

1. Introduction (Paragraph 1) -Many important things have been invented in the                                                     last century, but the most important was the                                                           discovery of antibiotics.

2. Body (Paragraph 2) -Hundreds of years ago, millions of Europeans died from                                       bubonic plague.

3. Body (Paragraph 3) -Medicine was limited until the invention of penicillin in                                           the early twentieth century.

4. Body (paragraph 4) -Antibiotics are currently used for a variety of ailments.

5. Conclusion (Paragraph 5) -The invention of antibiotics promoted good health

and longer lives.

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Folse, K.; Muchmore-Vokoum, A.; Vestri, E.; Great Writing 2, National Geographic, Cengage Learning 4th Edition