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A serious developmental disorder that impairs the ability to communicate and interact.

Causes: abnormalities in the brain structure or function, heredity, certain conditions (Fragile X Syndrome), environmental factors (exposure to toxins like mercury)

Symptoms: compulsive behavior, persistent repetition of words or actions, learning disability or delay in speech in a child, intense interest in a limited number of things, unaware of other's emotions, sensitivity to sound, tic

Age: early in development, 12 to 19 months of age or earlier

Treatment: therapies (Applied behavior analysis), medications (Antipsychotic), specialists

Prognosis: usually chronic (lifelong) and impairing, strongest predictors of adult outcome (language)

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A progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions.

Causes: clumps of protein grow in the brain, plaques, and tangles in the brain

Symptoms: mental decline, difficulty thinking and understanding, aggression, personality changes, anger, mood swings, depression, loss of appetite or restlessness, jumbled speech

Age: 65

Treatment: Cognition-enhancing medication (Donepezil), self-care (exercise), specialists

Prognosis: Inexorable decline and eventual death

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A disorder in which nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed, causing seizures.

Causes: stroke, brain tumor, brain infection, traumatic brain injury, loss of oxygen in the brain, certain genetic conditions, alcoholism

Symptoms: fainting or fatigue, rhythmic muscle contractions, aura or pins and needles, seizures, anxiety, headache, staring spells

Age: under 2 years and over 65 years

Treatment: nerve pain medications (Topiramate), sedative (Diazepam), anticonvulsant, specialists

Prognosis: 20%-30% (excellent prognosis-seizure free and cause no longer exists), 20%-30% (good prognosis- remission with AED treatment but cause remains), 30%-40% (seizures continue despite treatment- AED's may only reduce frequency or severity)

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A cancerous or noncancerous mass or growth of abnormal cells in the brain.

Causes: abnormal cell growth, metastatic tumors, family history, exposure to chemicals or radiation

Symptoms: headaches, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, reduced sensation of touch, inability to speak, mental confusion, blurred vision, difficulty speaking, personality changes, seizures

Age: 59 years and above

Treatment: Chemotherapy (Pcv Regimen), surgery (Craniotomy), medical procedure (Tomotherapy), specailists

Prognosis: usually aggressive and result in death within a short time span, but varies with the type and grade of brain cancer and the age of the patient

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A nervous system disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds.

Causes: exact cause isn't known. It's a complex disorder likely caused by a combination of inherited (genetic) and environmental factors, chemicals in the brain might play a role

Symptoms: compulsive behavior, repetitive movements, lack of restraint, involuntary muscle contractions, difficulty with bodily movements, anxiety, learning disability

Age: before the age of 18, around 7 years

Treatment: self-care (relaxation techniques), therapies (Cognitive behavioral therapy), medications (Antipsychotic), specialists

Prognosis: lifelong and chronic, it is not a degenerative condition, will have a normal life