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United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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A tax levied on every adult, without reference to income or resources.

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A legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement.

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Reasonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.).

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A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.

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You can not be tried again for the same crime.

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Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

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Dred Scott was a freed slave back in the 1850's .

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To freely exercise ones religion.

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When a court concludes that there is no fundamental liberty interest or suspect classification at stake, the law is presumed to be Constitutional unless it fails. The courts will uphold a law if it is rationally related to a legitimate government purpose.

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The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution requires the states to provide defense attorneys to criminal defendants charged with serious offenses who cannot afford lawyers themselves.

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A landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".

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A landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of abortion.

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Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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It was apart of the voting process for African- Americans, for them to vote they had to take a test in order for them to vote, and they would have to take it every time.

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The United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment.

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Denying any person within its territory the equal protection of laws.

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When speaking false statements towards someone of a crime that they did not do, and it ruins their reputation.

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Grants citizenship to all people born in the United States.

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The punishments for crimes are not excessive, cruel, or unusual.

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The right of trial by jury shall be preserved,  and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of common rule.

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Grantees a citizen a speedy trial, with a fair jury, and an attorney if that person wants one.

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No one can be tried for a serious crime unless accused by a grand jury.

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The right to bear arms (You can own a gun)

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There are to be no illegal searches or seizures.

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The rights of free expression and action. You get to have your own personal freedoms.