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After the civil war the return of labor was low and transitioning from agrarian society to industrialized society was difficult.
-average standard of living rose after the civil war
-laborers lost their jobs due to technological advances
-workers vulnerable to boom-or-bust
-workers had repetitive tasks and boring schedules (10-12 hr days)
-workers were in very dangerous conditions
-gave up independence

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When railroad companies announced a 10% wage cut, a large, ineffective strike took place.
-Very violent, over 100 people died
-State militia's were called upon by President Hayes to suppress the strikers
-1st big conflict between workers and employers  in the U.S.
-Showed how much workers hated employers

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Many Woman and children worked in factories for low wages due to their lack of skill
-1.7 million children under the age of 16 were working in factories by the 1900s
-The Woman worked for 6-8$ a week, not enough to survive
-By 1900, woman made up 17% of Industrial work force
-They kept children awake by pouring cold water in their face
-10% of girls and 20% of boys under the age of 15 were employed
-The child labor laws were, for the most part, ineffective

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Labor unions struggled to fight big corporations, and some resorted to violence and terror.
-Unions were viewed as radical and anarchic by middle class.
-Widespread unemployment occurred during the 1870's
-The "Molly Maguires," a radical union organization in the coal region of PA, committed many terrorist attacks and murders to intimidate the coal operators.
-Labor unions were not very successful in protecting workers from corporations.
-machines need unions too :(

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Summary:
2 large but unsuccessful labor unions were The Knights of Labor and The American Federation of Labor
Details:
-immigrants willing to work for low wages made unions fail
-AFL wanted better working conditions and shorter work week
-Knights of Labor formed before AFL
-Uriah S. Stephens was the head of the Knights of Labor

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During the Gilded Age, wages and working conditions were generally terrible.
-10-12 hour days, 6 days a week
-workers had repetitive jobs that required little skill
-losing limbs+big injuries were not uncommon