# data[].attributes.body
The possible impacts we can see in US invasion into Iraq are as follows:

Humanitarian Crisis: With close to 4 million displaced people in and outside of Iraq, an average of about 100 people killed daily, and a third of the population living in poverty. Coalition's counter-insurgency operations, including massive attacks on cities like Falluja, led to substantially increased mortality and large displacement, affecting hundreds of thousands of people. With stepped up Coalition bombing and ground attacks as well as rise in violence, a growing number of Iraqis are being forced to leave their homes and minority groups are now seriously at risk. According to UNHCR (UN Refugee agency) , there are 1.9 million internally displaced people in the country and 2 million refugees escaped to neighbouring countries, especially Syria and Jordan. Unemployment and poverty rose sharply, too. According to the United Nations Development Programme, one-third of the population now lives in poverty. Education has broken down. Furthermore, Iraqis basic needs in drinking water, food, sanitation and electricity are not met. Hospitals lack basic medical supplies and are understaffed.

Economic Consequences:

Since the 2003 invasion, the US has engineered policies to open the country up to foreign investors, disbanding various state-owned factories and enterprises; the IMF has imposed a package of economic reforms including an end to fuel, food, and health subsidies. The destruction of Iraq's economy has pushed unemployment levels as high as 60 percent. Iraq experienced years of turmoil under Saddam Hussein resulting in economic mismanagement, a war with Iran and UN-imposed sanctions. After four years of US occupation, Iraq suffers from extreme unemployment and poverty, with over 4 million internally and externally displaced refugees.

Destruction of Iraq's Cultural Heritage:

During the war and occupation, the Coalition has failed to protect Iraq’s incomparable cultural heritage, exposing it to looters and art thieves. The United States and its allies ignored the warnings of organizations and scholars concerning the protection of Iraq's cultural heritage, including museums, libraries, archaeological sites and other precious repositories. Arsonists badly burned the National Library and looters pillaged the National Museum. Looters also damaged or destroyed many historic buildings and artifacts. The US constructed a military base on the site of ancient Babylon. Coalition forces destroyed many historic urban areas and buildings, while thieves have ruined thousands of incomparable, unprotected archeological sites.

Additional consequence

Military Consequences: (U.S)

The US death toll in Iraq is climbing, the level of desertion is rising, and crippling illnesses like depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder afflict soldiers.

The possible impacts we see in Korea following the invasion of U.S are as follows:

Social impacts: Almost half a million South Koreans and 2 million of North Koreans died during the war (3years).

Political impacts: The Koreans were used as pawns by the superpowers, South Korea became an important US military base with thousands of American troops stationed there. The war demonstrated the will of the United States to do everything possible to prevent the proliferation of communism.

Economic Impacts:

North Korea faces soviet disintegration and widespread of famine due to the war. Whereas South Korea’s economy has been rapidly growing

# data[].attributes.body
Economic:
Decrease in GDP and GDP per capita of the country due to a decrease in the amount of trade, import and exports.
Firms based in SG eg SME would not be able to grow due to the financing difficulties and high taxes,
Inflation in prices of goods and services
Increase in the country’s debt to other countries/ World Bank⁠⁠⁠⁠

Social :
- social unrest as Singapore is a government dependent country whereby citizens are used to doing what the government tells them to do and follow rules and policies set by the government.
- Increase in crime rates & possible civil war outbreak
- High unemployment
- Increase in social and domestic disagreements

# data[].attributes.body
Question 2

Foreign countries should not continue military intervention. In 2003, when the US invaded Iraq, it led to the displacement of Saddam Hussein. Before that, then US president George Bush, believed that Saddam Hussein was supportive of Al-Qaeda. In a statement, President Bush said, “Saddam Hussein aids and protects terrorists, including members of al-Qaeda.” However, that was not true. In actual fact, Hussein was very much against the organisation and even managed to compress it well. But Bush thought otherwise and led the invasion of Iraq. This meant that Hussein could no longer control the terrorist groups and this gave rise to ISI and subsequently ISIS. Therefore, it was actually the US’s military intervention that sparked the rise of ISIS. If they had not done so, Saddam Hussein could have suppressed al-Qaeda. Better still, Hussein and Bush could have worked together and counter al-Qaeda, which would not result in this mess today.

However, what’s done is done. There is no turning back. There are many success stories of how the US troops managed to salvage certain situations. After the downfall of Saddam Hussein and the rise of al-Qaeda, in 2006, many were convinced that Iraq had lost. Somehow, within a year, there was a miraculous turnaround. This was thanks to the increase in US troops, a change in strategy, and the mobilisation of Sunni tribes against Al-Qaeda. The US should tackle the weaknesses of ISIS and work on their own strengths and advantages, for example, enlisting the help of the Sunnis. This could potentially defeat ISIS, by beefing up their presence in the area.

# data[].attributes.body
-Economically lacking behind other countries
-Social unrest and chaos -> due to death and unnecessary spending to rebuild up the infrastructure
-Family separated as they have to escape from the war zone.
-Ppl lose faith in govt

# data[].attributes.body
Qn 2
No, foreign countries should not continue military intervention. The military intervention by super powers such as USA only result in greater resentment among the locals as they feel threatened that foreigners are slowly taking over their homeland. It only fuels to the never ending vicious cycle of attacks and results in long term negative consequences and death of many innocent civilians in the countries involved.

# data[].attributes.body
Governance

Q1 :There are political, economic, social and environmental impacts on Syria due to poor governance that eventually led to the Syrian war.
Political impacts include the citizens losing trust in their government.
Economically, money was spent on war instead of improving the spiralling economy or the welfare of their people and this will definitely lead to unrest towards the government.
Due to the war, there is a Syrian refugee crisis in which refugees had nowhere to go as very few countries would accept them into another country. Important facilities like the hospital and triage centres were targeted by the militants and bombed, resulting in the lack of proper medical services. Schools were also closed down and families were separated. Lastly, environmentally, many cities were destroyed and people became homeless due to the destruction.

As for Korea, it lead to the separation of Korea into 2 Koreas namely the North and South Korea which are communist and democratic countries respectively.
Families were separated during the Korean War and even up till now, millions are still not united with their separated families.
Due to the poor governance methods in North Korea, it has became one of the worst countries from famines that occurred. Even up till now, North Koreans are still suffering with the strict rules and policies the corrupted government has came up with and every little crime lead to death.
Economically, North Korea also has a comparably low GDP when compared to their developed half, South Korea which has a booming entertainment and medical industry that is allowing the country to flourish in wealth and have a high GDP.
The poor governance has led to 2 Koreas being contrastingly different with one being absolutely hopeless and the other filled with endless possibilities of growing.

# data[].attributes.body
Singapore is considered as one of the country which has a transparent government system. it has helped the country to function properly and attract investors to improve the standard of living in our country.
Social issues such as the citizens not believing the government when the citizens put their funds in the government sector. the citizens might feel that their funds are being misused due to the lack of transparency in the government system. thus, it can cause unhappiness within the citizens affecting the social security and stable environment.

Furthermore, poor governance can lead to racial tensions in Singapore. if the government is not sensitive about the different races and religions,  conflict might break out causing social instability.

Economical impacts such as traders not trading in our region. when the government is poor, there will not be only trust and security which can deter traders from investing in our region. thus , it will affect our economy if traders do not trust the government to handle the funds properly.

# data[].attributes.body
May lead to possible uprisings to overthrow the government

Increase in the amount of exploitation and corruption

Political instability

Possible rise of terrorist groups like ISIS

Decrease in GDP

Slow economic growth

Decrease in foreign investments (Imports and exports decrease generally)
Decrease in consumption spending, consumer confidence decrease

Firms invest lesser
Corrupted government may lead to lower government spending -> govt pocket the $$

People may migrate out of the country
SOCIAL UNREST!!

Increase in crime rates & possible civil war outbreak

High unemployment

Increase in social and domestic disagreements

Increase in personal and economic insecurity
Fear of their safety and financial

# data[].attributes.body
Political: People losing trust in the government, carrying out protest
Economic: loss of investors, money spent on war instead of developing the welfare of people

Social: Poor development of country, social unrest, Syrian refugees, hospitals targeted by militants, families  separated, loss of historical heritage, social segregation between supporters of different political groups
Environmental: destruction of sites

# data[].attributes.body
-Corruptions of the government may lead to poor decision made by the government regarding policies.
-Chaos and social unrest such as increase in crime rate
-Drop in economy of SG
-May have fewer trades with other countries due to decrease in trust w the government
-Government may not be transparent with their actions and cause lose in faith

# data[].attributes.body
No:

- Iraq and Syria would lose their sovereignty by allowing foreign forces occupy them. They would also be showing the world that their governments are weak as they cannot resolve their own issues. This would make them even more vulnerable and easier targets for ISIS with such internal and external chaos.

- Iraq and Syria might become pawns of countries to tackle ISIS. As some countries are threatened by ISIS, they would choose to challenge ISIS in foreign grounds to protect their own citizens or lands from destruction in the midst of the war.

- On the foreign countries sides, should they continue military intervention in Iraq and Syria, they are also putting themselves at risk as ISIS would get back at them. It is clearly evident in the recent Paris bombing case which ISIS was responsible for. Due to those governments’ decisions, innocent citizens are being caught up in the war and the world is becoming more terrorised by ISIS.

- They might be made used of by foreign countries which are interested in their oil.

Yes:

- ISIS needs to be stopped as they are becoming more radical and violent. Since Iraq and Syria are very weak right now, they definitely need some support from other stronger countries to help fight against ISIS together. When ISIS is being stopped, lesser lives would be lost due to their violence and the world would be in a less terrorised situation. Hence, to see things in a wider perspective, the damage done through foreign intervention in Iraq and Syria would be worth it to save further damage done by ISIS.

- Foreign intervention is required to help stabilise the situations in Iraq and Syria so that they would stand back on their feet again soon and be strong enough to fight against ISIS. With a more stabilised environment, they would also be less vulnerable to attacks in future.

# data[].attributes.body
Korea

FAMINE!! (CHEEM)

Citizens live in fear everyday

Death of the citizens
Decrease in GDP
Low consumer confidence
High unemployment rate

Syria

Social instability

Weakened economy

Citizens live in fear and duress daily

Low sanitation
Low to zero developments of country
Poor infrastructure
Poor education and healthcare!! OH NO :((
High death rate
High unemployment rate

# data[].attributes.body
No.
- Further escalation of conflict
- Possibility of the conflict becoming a proxy war
- Reliance on other country in terms of military arms
- Countries stop actively training their army and improving their combat abilities
- May lead to increase in tension with other countries
- e.g. conflict between US and Russia in Korean War

# data[].attributes.body
Economical --> Unstable oil prices as they control most of the oil in Syria

Social --> Unrest and unhappiness as people are dictating their lives so they form rebels(ISIS)

Syrian refugees crisis

Targeted at hospital and triage center by militants(Syria)

Hatred towards the Muslim
Lost of sovereignty

Environmental --> Destruction of many cities

# data[].attributes.body
Social:

(Both) loss of lives of innocent civilians
(Both) social segregation

(Syria war) long period of war leads to tens of thousands of refugees seeking to start a new life in other countries

(Syria war) ISIS instil fear in people, especially women whom they regard as items for trade

(Korean War) separation of two Koreas leads to separation of family members

Economic:

(Both) Government spend a lot on war and neglect the welfare of the people

(Syria war) loss of investors due to social and political unrest and severe unemployment

(Korean War) Both Koreas had a difficult process of economic recovery after the cease fire

Political:

(Korean War) Two separate Koreas with 2 ideologies under the governments, South is democratic while North is Communist

(Syrian War) People lost trust in their government and had to take stand between the different political parties in Syria

# data[].attributes.body
Economics

Iraq: Slow economic recovery and growth with low to zero foreign investment

Korea: It was a costly war and the economy recovery is difficult.

Social

Iraq: SOCIAL UNREST!!! Higher rates of crime and high unemployment rate, increase in hatred between the Shi’ite Muslims and the Sunnis Muslim.

Korea: 10% of the entire Korean population was killed, wounded or missing with the North Korean population declined from 9 million to 7 million

Political

Iraq: Poor government that does not have citizen’s interest at heart. Division between the citizens.

Korea: Used as pawn for Cold War Superpowers and McCarthyism

# data[].attributes.headline
Q4. How would poor governance affect Singapore?

# data[].attributes.subject
Q4. How would poor governance affect Singapore?

# data[].attributes.headline
Q3. What are the impacts of poor governance in Syria and Korea?

# data[].attributes.subject
Q3. What are the impacts of poor governance in Syria and Korea?

# data[].attributes.headline
*Q2. Given the history of violence during and after the US occupation of Iraq, discuss whether foreign countries should continue military intervention in Iraq and Syria in the ISIS conflict (ie letting foreign forces occupy Iraq and Syria).

# data[].attributes.subject
*Q2. Given the history of violence during and after the US occupation of Iraq, discuss whether foreign countries should continue military intervention in Iraq and Syria in the ISIS conflict (ie letting foreign forces occupy Iraq and Syria).

# data[].attributes.headline
Q1. What will be some possible impacts we can see in Iraq following the US invasion in 2003 as compared to the ones seen in Korea?

# data[].attributes.subject
Q1. What will be some possible impacts we can see in Iraq following the US invasion in 2003 as compared to the ones seen in Korea?