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As a Hawaiian activist it was only fitting for me to choose a topic that involved justice for Hawaiian people. Growing up and learning about Kahoʻolawe was always heartbreaking for me because I just did not understand why someone would force someone out of their land so that they could use it for their personal problems that did not include us. Jayed was actually the one that introduced me to George Helm though, before her I did not know who he was because although the event upset me, I was not as caught up with it as I am with other (current) events because I did not think that anyone was still concerned about Kahoʻolawe.

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It seems that all those who have tried to make a change in Hawaiʻi end up in a tragic consequence that ultimately leaves a legacy (i.e. George Helm, Eddie Aikau, Liliuokalani). George Helm was a big step in Hawaiian history, he helped us to believe that we can stand up for what we believe in instead of just accepting things the way they are. During George's time, hawaiians started to realize the damage that has been done and started realizing that we deserve better than what is actually going on; we deserved our land back.

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His current actions show that he is tryingto do the right thing

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Many of those who are from Hawaiʻi/are not Hawaiian romanticize the idea of us and our culture. It seems that mainland people (people with no culture) feel entitled to those with traditions and different beliefs from them. They think they are doing us all a favor by forcing us under their control and teaching us their ways; I am bringing up this idea because this is the main reason to why Hawaiʻi has changed so much from how it used to be. Just as many other races, we have been victims of the white men's ignorance which lead us to suppression, segregation, and loss. It is not only the white men that are insensitive to our feelings, many others around the world forget that we are not some kind of place that is always happy and sunshine and once something happens and we speak up everyone tells us that we are not as important as everyone else.

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George Helm's song "Kahoʻolawe Aloha ʻAina" talking about the damaged island and trying to gain justice.

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George Helm's song "Kahoʻolawe Aloha ʻAina" talking about the damaged island and trying to gain justice.

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Produced in 1977 by the Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana, this program features scenes from the last years of the life of George Jarrett Helm, Jr. as he worked tirelessly to stop the bombing of Kaho'olawe and inspire others to take up the cause of Aloha 'Āina (love and protection of the land).

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In an interview, Lawrence had talked about a sacred rock in Hawaiʻi that we had on a mountain. She describes how she scratched her butt on it and brought fear upon the Hawaiians when she had caused it to fall, making the natives believe that our gods had been sending us a sign. This wouldn't seem so bad if she hadn't joked so lightly about it like it was funny to disrespect our culture.

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However, a recent "butt scratching" story she told on the BBC's "The Graham Norton Show" seemed to cross the line for a lot of her fans.

Lawrence was on the notoriously bawdy talk show with her "Passengers" co-star Chris Pratt, when she recalled an itchy incident she had while filming the second "Hunger Games" movie.

"We were filming in Hawaii and there were sacred rocks, and you're not supposed to sit on them," she said. "I was in a wetsuit that whole shoot and oh my God, they were so good for butt itching!"

Fighting back laughter, she continued: "One rock that I was butt scratching on ended up going loose. It was a giant boulder, and it rolled down the mountain and almost killed the sound guy. All the Hawaiians were like, 'Oh my God, it's the curse!' And I'm in the corner like, 'I'm your curse. I wedged it loose with my ass.' "

The typically Lawrencian yarn rang hollow online, with critics pointing out it seemed, well, pretty culturally insensitive.

"That time Jennifer Lawrence bragged about defiling sacred Hawaiian stones," someone wrote.

"She really thought this was funny... ," said someone else, who also called her "white and evil."

Lawrence told the same story on "Live With Kelly and Michael" in 2013, and she said she didn't know at the time that the rocks were sacred. However, for many people, that wasn't the point.

"The thing about what JLaw was saying is, she's kind of implying why the rocks were sacred was some silly/dumb 'savage' thing," one person tweeted.

Twitter critics called on the actress to apologize for her comments, and she eventually answered.

"I meant absolutely no disrespect to the Hawaiian people," a post reads on her public Facebook page. "I really thought that I was being self deprecating about the fact that I was 'the curse,' but I understand the way it was perceived was not funny and I apologize if I offended anyone."

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jennifer lawrence says she meant 'no disrespect' for hawaii story - cnn

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Jennifer Lawrence says she meant 'no disrespect' for Hawaii story

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However, a recent "butt scratching" story she told on the BBC's "The Graham Norton Show" seemed to cross the line for a lot of her fans. Lawrence was on the notoriously bawdy talk show with her "Passengers" co-star Chris Pratt, when she recalled an itchy incident she had while filming the second "Hunger Games" movie.

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Another event with a lot of controversy is the issue involving Mauna Kea and the thirty-meter telescope that was supposed to be built on the sacred land. This project was later cancelled because of all the native hawaiians protesting and refusal to allow this to happen again.

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Purchasing the right pair of soccer cleats is usually challenging since there are various factors to look at. We have different types of soccer players who play in different positions. Some types of soccer cleats are suitable for players playing in specific areas.

With so many brands in the market, many soccer players are usually confused when it comes to buying the perfect soccer cleat. Thesportbro guide together with this article looks at some of the factors to consider when picking the right pair of soccer cleat.

Comfortability

As a football player, you need to be comfortable in your pair of soccer cleat if you are to give your best. They should fit appropriately since soccer involves lots of running, sprinting, and kicking the ball for 90 minutes or more.

They should have laces which can be used to tightened or loosened depending on the right circumstances. The soccer cleats should not be too small or big for a player.

Right Size

Different players have different foot sizes. The soccer cleats manufacturers, therefore, design different sizes of boots to cater for all the players regardless of their foot size.

You should always know what your foot size is when you are visiting the store. Since different manufacturers use different conventions when labeling the size of the boots always ensure that you fit them first before leaving the store. The shoes should have sufficient space between the front of the boot and the toes.

Type of Player

When it comes to soccer, we have different kinds of players who play in different positions. Some of the classifications of the soccer players include goalkeepers, defenders, midfielder, wingers, and strikers. In most cases, the wingers and the strikers are typically speedy and therefore need the light soccer cleats that will facilitate their pace when they are playing. You need to establish the boots that are of the right balance by knowing what type of player you are.

Material Used

Different types of materials are used when making the soccer cleats; the upper part might be made of leather while the sole might be made of plastic. Always take into consideration the type of material that has been used since some are ideal for perfect soccer play whereas the others are not.

Some materials are also more durable than the others. Some of the elements that are used in making these boots include leather, synthetic leather, k-leather, and mesh just but to mention a few.

Boot Categories

The soccer cleats are also categorized differently. We have boots that are designed for control, power, speed, hybrid, and heritage. The soccer cleats that are designed for control, speed, and power are great for the wingers and strikers, while the hybrid one is perfect for the defenders.

fitness, inversion table

An inversion table is used as a form of therapy that can be used by everyone suffering from back pains. It is normally preferred by people who want to prevent back surgery and those fed up with side risk of taking medication. A good inversion table will enable you to hang upside down and prevent injuries using a safe and stable inversion machine that resembles an ironing board. One is usually tied up on the table with the help of straps and buckles that help prevent you from toppling and falling. Before using the device, one should be keen to know about their cons, pros and how effective they are to be handled along with the methods.

Today inversion tables have become more popular for home rehabilitation and exercise equipment. Individuals suffering from flexibility problems, spinal issues or chronic back pain often find relief in home inversion therapy. Inversion table reviews are a priority on a range of motions, user safety, and comfort. Some of them are made with additional features such as extra fitness tool or heating pads. One is confident that you will get the inversion table of your choice whenever you're trying to increase abdominal strength or decrease hip pains. They are several factors one should consider before purchasing an inversion table.

The quality of the frame

Having a quality frame is an important thing to consider because you're putting your entire body weight on this equipment during exercising. This is to ensure that it won't be able to break while using it. Most of the frames can be either foldable or static which are considered to be perfect for home use or storage. Other specify the minimum and maximum height for users while others minimum or maximum weight.

Comfort

The comfort of an inversion table may not be the first thing in mind but don't estimate its importance, its good to try it out before purchasing and assess its alignment to the body. If the table is not comfortable, you will not be able to use it again. Thick pads tend to be considered more comforting compared to those with thin pads. Some come with additional pads for lumbar and neck regions to provide extra comfort and support. Lumbar supports are more useful to people suffering from lower back pain. Most of these inversion tables have removable supporters that can be removed and inserted if necessary. This ensures that you're able to lay on them safely and slowly. A quick inversion table can cause injury if the clamps are clamped carelessly.

Warranty

Warranty is necessary because it provides certainty that the brand company will always stand beside its products. A long warranty is a sign that the brand designed is able to last for a longer period. The brand comprises of a customer service team that is always available to answer all sorts of questions to satisfy your needs.

Have you ever thought of seeking Botox treatment? Well, not all people what Botox is. That is, why you will find many people suffering from various conditions and yet they there is a reliable treatment that they can use to do away with their problems. Botox treatment is a kind of treatment that works like a shield between the brain and the muscles. It has been known to cure different disorders experienced by different people under the sun. All that you need is to find a reliable facility y to offer these services. If you have never thought of Botox treatment, then here are some of the reasons why you should consider it.

Excessive sweating

Are you one of those people disturbed of excessive sweating to the extent that you walk with a deodorant? Well, excessive sweating can be quite embarrassing. It is a condition that is experienced by many people all over the world. The good news is that you can do away with the problem once and for all. The fact that when you have this condition, you can sweat even when it is cold is enough to compel you to look for a reliable treatment.

Wrinkles

Can you imagine a situation where you are your twenties, and people presume that you are in your forties? How does that feel? Definitely not cool at all. If you find yourself in a situation that you do not have to panic. All that you need is to find a good medical facility where you will be put through Botox treatment. It will take a few days to have your problem solved once and for all. After that, you will be forever young.

Reduce pain

Are you a migraine patient and you are yet to undergo Botox treatment, then that is probably one of the reasons why you are experiencing that pain. Many migraine patients use Botox injections to do away with their pain. You, however, need to understand that this can be affected if you make use of the right professionals.

Stop eye squinting

If you have an eye twitch and you are thinking of getting a solution to that, then you need to consider Botox treatment. This can be very helpful especially if your twitch is rapid. Some people make a mistake of not seeking help when they have such problems thinking that they are temporal. Sometimes it might persist making it difficult to treat, and that is the last thing that you want. If you are looking for reliable services be sure to check out Botox Hamburg.

doctor, health, medical, physician

There are many benefits which you stand to gain by having a private doctor to handle your medical needs. For example, the doctor will be able to monitor your condition and treat any detected health problem in its early stages. When looking for the doctor to take care of the health issues for you and your family, you should put a variety of factors into consideration. Some of the mains factors are highlighted below.

Top considerations to make

Insurance

The doctor that you choose should be part of the network of your insurance provider. Most insurance companies will pay nothing or only part of your medical bill if the doctor who treats you is not on their network. You can get information on which doctors are within the network by simply visiting the website of the insurance company. In case of a company, that does not have a directory on their website, simply call their representative, and ask. For specialists, you may need a PCP referral depending on the terms of the policy.

Type of services offered

Doctors usually have licenses for particular types of practice. A doctor, for example, may not have the correct licensure to take care of the needs of your entire family. Your needs will be the main determinant of the doctor you choose. For example, if you have young children, you might consider getting a doctor who can handle pediatrics.

Price

This applies to the individuals who do not have a health insurance plan. This means that you must pay for the doctor services from your pocket. You must thus consider the prices that you will have to pay, as they differ with each doctor. Ensure that the doctor charges fairly and that you can afford the services.

Reviews

You should check the certifications of your potential doctors and read unbiased reviews from their patients as well. A great doctor will always leave his patients satisfied by his services, which means that you will find great reviews on him. The reviews can thus help you make an informed choice of which doctor to work with.

Location

Whenever you get sick, you will have to see your primary care physician. You will obviously not want to drive a long distance when you are in that condition. You should thus choose a doctor who is located near where you live to make it easy to access his services at any time.

When you are purchasing a mattress, you are more like purchasing a new car. You will need to have a list of the features and characteristics that fit you and the kind of lifestyle that you lead. You will also need to take into consideration factors like the amount of money that the mattress will cost, the comfort level that it offers and finally before you purchase it you will have to take it for a test run so that you can be sure that it has the features that you are looking for in a good mattress.

How to select the right mattress

1. Comfort levels

For you to purchase the best mattress, it is very important that you determine the levels of comfortability that the mattress offers. It is important to note that the most expensive mattress is not always the most comfortable. You will realize that the comfort levels offered, vary from one individual to the other. If you are the type of person who prefers a hard feeling as comfort, then it is recommended that you go for a latex or spring mattress. Equally, if you are the type that prefers a mattress that feels softer and plusher, then it is recommended that you go for one which has a denser coil count mattress.

2. Cost

When you are selecting a mattress for your home use, the amount of money that it costs should not be a priority to you. It should be one of the factors that you take into consideration, but it should not be the sole influencer of your final decision. Since you will be using it for some time, other factors are more important than the cost, let us look at them. But ensure that you purchase the best mattress that falls within your budget.

3. Support offered

Also, remember to look at the amount of support that, that particular mattress offers as it is also important. You will realize that most individuals confuse comfort for support. A mattress that has a good support will ensure that it can provide equal pressure to the various parts of the body so that one gets a comfortable night sleep. Purchasing a mattress that offers proper support is important as it eliminates the possibility of one having back aches.

4. Durability

A good mattress should also be durable. Durability is always associated with the warranty that the mattress has. But it is also important to note that even though the mattress may be offering a long period warranty, it is not a guarantee that it will offer you the ease of use and comfort for all those years. All a warranty ensure is that you are covered if the mattress develops defects that soon.

5. Size

Having the right mattress means that you have one that has an appropriate size for you. The size of the mattress greatly determines the comfort levels that the mattress offers. When choosing a mattress, read unbiased mattress comparisons to ensure that you get the right kind of mattress that will fit your bed and the number of people who will be using the mattress. Take the above factors into consideration, and you would have purchased the best mattress.

anxiety, depression, health, mental, stress

Stress and depression are among the most commonly experienced mental problems around the world. They can be caused by a variety of factors ranging from as little as missing someone to major ones such as losing a loved one. Whatever the case, it is crucial that you work on the problem and solve it within the shortest time possible. If left untreated, stress and depression can lead to bigger health problems, both physical and mental. There are many ways of dealing with stress and depression. However, some techniques might cause more harm than help. This means that you should choose the technique to use quite carefully. Below are a few of the safe techniques that you can employ.

Techniques to treat stress and depression

Avoidance

This should be the first thing that you do to help you cope with stress and depression. Start by determining the true cause of your stress. Remember, something might present itself as the problem, yet the issue is something different. For example, deadline pressure might appear to be the cause of your stress when the actual problem is your nature to postpone your job. Once you ascertain the problem, ensure that you avoid it at all costs. This will reduce your level of stress and depression as well as help you avoid it in the future.

Socialize

Socializing is also another great way of dealing with stress. You should talk to friends and family members who are likely to understand your situation and help you find the right solutions. If possible, go on a fun activity together such as the movies, a concert, or even a vacation if you can afford it.

Exercise regularly

Exercising is not only a counter measure for stress and depression but a preventive measure as well. It works by shifting your mind from whatever problem is causing you to be depressed or stressed out. In addition to that, it causes the body to produce a hormone called endorphin. This hormone is known to give the feeling of euphoria. That good feeling can help you cope with your mental problems. It also works as a mild substitute for drugs meant to help with stress.

Seek professional help

If nothing else seems to work, it might be time for you to consider getting professional help. It might be a bit costly for you to get the full treatment, but there are high chances that you will recover from the stress or depression completely.

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Purchasing the right pair of soccer cleats is usually challenging since there are various factors to look at. We have different types of soccer players who play in different positions. Some types of soccer cleats are suitable for players playing in specific areas.

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Facebook CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, has started an uproar through the islands when he attempts to sue native Hawaiians off their own land. This ties in with the Protect Kahoʻolawe because it shows another example of americans feeling entitled to our land because they have "power".

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SAN FRANCISCO -Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and his wife are dropping controversial suits they filed in December to buy small plots of land that are part of a 700-acre waterfront estate they own on the island of Kauai in Hawaii.

In a letter published in The Garden Island, a local newspaper, Zuckerberg wrote of the complex legal tangle, "it's clear we made a mistake."

Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan bought the 700-acre waterfront estate on Kauai for $100 million in 2014. In December 2016, they filed eight lawsuits against several hundred people to buy 13 plots on eight acres partitioned during the 1850s.

Ownership of some of the plots was unclear, crossing multiple generations and many heirs. According to Zuckerberg's letter, some have had no inhabitants for decades. Others come with complex legal land agreements dating back more than 160 years.

The plots are mostly one acre or smaller and all lie within the 700-acre estate.

Zuckerberg's legal maneuver, called "quiet title and partition," was meant to clarify ownership rights to the land and force it to be sold to the highest bidder through a public auction, allowing Zuckerberg to purchase it.

Some Hawaiians had harshly criticized the maneuver after the suits became public. The outcry grew louder after Zuckerberg took to Facebook to explain his intent, with some charging him with contributing to a trend with roots in colonialism. A group is planning a protest at the wall of Zuckerberg's estate Saturday.

In his letter to the newspaper, Zuckerberg said that in order to "find a better path forward, we are dropping our quiet title actions and will work together with the community on a new approach."

The issue revolves around two conflicting legal attitudes towards land, one European and one Hawaiian.

Many of the plots are what are known as kuleana lands. These are small plots granted to native Hawaiian tenant farmers between 1850 and 1855, which comes with special rights including access, agricultural uses, gathering, water and fishing rights.

Hawaiian law also allows for what's known as "adverse possession," a legal concept that makes anyone who has used land without interference for at least 20 years that land's owner.

Hawaiian rights advocates have long argued that adverse possession was used by sugar cane plantations and ranches to steal land from Hawaiians whose concept of ownership and use was different than that of Western law.

In Friday's letter, Zuckerberg wrote that he and Chan's intention "is to achieve an outcome that preserves the environment, respects local traditions, and is fair to those with kuleana lands."

Zuckerberg's co-plaintiff in some of the suits, 72-year-old retired University of Hawaii professor Carlos Andrade, will continue to pursue quiet title actions to clear up titles on the land belonging to his family, Zuckerberg said in the newspaper column.

Read or Share this story: http://usat.ly/2jFToFE

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Mark Zuckerberg drops suits to force sale of Hawaiian lands

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SAN FRANCISCO -Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and his wife are dropping controversial suits they filed in December to buy small plots of land that are part of a 700-acre waterfront estate they own on the island of Kauai in Hawaii.

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song written by Camryn-joy Garcia and Jayed Ishiki
Sung by Allysa Kauahi

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Circa 400 A.D. People of the South Pacific sail to Hawaiʻi and begin to settle the Hawaiian archipelago.

1027 Earliest existing radiocarbon date for a Hawaiian presence on Kaho'olawe.

1150-1400 Kaho'olawe figures prominently in voyages between Hawai'i and the islands of Southern Polynesia.

1600 A thriving Hawaiian community is established on Kaho'olawe by this date.

1778 Kalaniʻōpuʻu and his forces invade Maui in an attempt to usurp Kahekili. Kalaniʻōpuʻu's forces are repelled and they retreat to Lānaʻi and Kahoʻolawe for respite.

1778 British ships under the command of Captain James Cook enter Hawaiian waters.

1779 Following Captain Cookʻs death, his ships sail past the southwestern tip of Kaho'olawe but sight, "neither houses, trees, nor any cultivation."

1793 Maui chief Kamohomoho informs British Captain Vancouver that Kalani'ōpu'uʻs wars of conquest have left Lāna'i and Kaho'olawe "nearly overrun with weeds, and exhausted of their inhabitants."

1813 The merchant ship Lark runs aground on Kaho'olawe. Surviving crew members are thought to be the first foreigners to set foot on the island.

1819 Kamehameha I dies. Liholiho, his son and successor, abolishes the 'Ai Kapu, the traditional system of social and religious laws.

1824 Ka'ahumanu, a favored wife of Kamehameha I, proclaims a missionary-inspired code of laws with punishment for crimes including threat of "banishment to Tahoorawe (Kaho'olawe)."

1826 The first criminals are exiled to Kaho'olawe.

1831 Missionary census estimates a total of 80 inhabitants on Kaho'olawe.

1841 Boats from a U.S. exploring expedition become wrecked near the western tip of Kaho'olawe. Castaways hike to penal settlement at Kaulana and report, "a collection of 8 huts and an unfinished adobe church housing 15 male convicts."

1848 The institution of the Māhele replaces traditional land stewardship with the western concept of private ownership. Kaho'olawe is among former crown lands transferred to the Hawaiian government.

1850 Landing at Hakioawa Bay, adventurer Edward Perkins notes a large herd of wild goats and the damange done to native plants.

1852 Last prisoner on Kaho'ōlawe is removed due to serious illness.

1857 Government inspection finds, "some fishermen living on Kaho'olawe, maybe not over fifteen."

1858 Boats from a U.S. exploring expedition become wrecked near the western tip of Kaho'olawe. Castaways hike to penal settlement at Kaulana and report, "a collection of 8 huts and an unfinished adobe church housing 15 male convicts."

1858 The Hawaiian government leases Kaho'olawe to R.C. Wyllie, Chancellor of the Kingdom, and Elisha H. Allen, Minister of the Interior, for a period of 20 years at $505 per year for ranching purposes. Their surveyor finds 50 Hawaiians in part-time residence on the island.

1859 Approximately 2,000 sheep are shipped to and released on Kaho'olawe.

1864 Elisha H. Allen and C.G. Hopkins obtain a new lease for 50 years at $250 per year.

1866 Hawaiian government census records 11 males and 7 females on Kaho'olawe, with 16 of these individuals being Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian. All appear to be employed by the ranch.

1875 King Kalākaua and his entourage visit the island, noting the presence of, "20,000 sheep, 10 horses, 6 native men, 2 full-Hawaiian women, 2 small children, 4 houses, 2 dogs, and a few hundred goats." The writer also notes the growth of māmane, 'ākia nene'e, wiliwili, māniania, pili, and other native flora. (Ka Lāhua Hawai'i, 30 December 1875.)

1879 Reports of severe overgrazing with "the upper plains entirely denuded of top soil...the whole interior plain has been so swept by wind and floods, that nothing but a very hard red grit is left."

1880 Elisha H. Allen transfers lease title to Albert D. Courtney and William H. Cummins.

1884 Kaho'olawe Stock Ranch is listed as possessing, "9,000 goats, 2,000 sheep, 200 head cattle, and 40 horses."

1893 On January 17, Queen Lili'uokalani and the Hawaiian government is illegally overthrown by a group of American businessmen.

1898 Hawai'i becomes a territory of the United States.

1906 After passing through numerous hands, lease to Kaho'olawe is acquired by Eben P. Low.

1910 To prevent further environmental degradation, Gov. Walter F. Frear declares Kaho'olawe a forest reserve under the contol of the Board of Agriculture and Forestry.

1913 A scientific expedition from the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum spends two weeks exploring Kaho'olawe, collecting biological samples and locating a number of ancient Hawaiian sites. John F.G. Stokes, an expedition archaeologist, returns to conduct excavations at a fishing shrine in Kamohio Bay.

1918 Kaho'olawe is withdrawn from forest reserve and leased to rancher Angus MacPhee for 21 years at $600 per year.

1920 H.A. Baldwin joins MacPhee to form Kaho'olawe Ranch Company.

1931 Bishop Museum mounts a one-week scientific expedition to Kaho'olawe. Archaeologist Gilbert McAllister subsequently publishes, Archaeology of Kaho'olawe, describing 50 early Hawaiian sites.

1933 Baldwin and MacPhee obtain a second 21-year lease at a rent of $100 per year.

1941 U.S. Army signs a sublease with Kaho'olawe Ranch Company, acquiring bombing rights for $1 per year. The Honolulu Advertiser reports the goat population on Kaho'olawe at 25. On December 8, 1941, Kaho'olawe is sequestrated by the U.S. Navy for use as a live ordnance training area.

1942-1945 Kaho'olaweʻs southern and eastern cliffs serve as targets for torpedo bomb testing. Its west end beaches serve as dress rehearsal landing areas for Tarawa, Okinawa, and Iwo Jima.

1953 President Eisenhower signs Executive Order 10436, reserving Kaho'olawe, "for the use of the United States for naval purposes," and placing the island under jurisdiction of the secretary of the U.S. Navy. The order also stipulates that the Navy, when it no longer needed Kaho'olawe, would return the island in a condition, "suitable for human habitation."

1959 Hawai'i becomes a U.S. state.

1965 The U.S. Navy detonates 500 tons of TNT near the bay of Honokanai'a to simulate an atomic blast and observe its effect on ships offshore.

1969 The discovery of an unexploded 500 lb. bomb in a west Maui field prompts U.S. Representative Patsy Mink to call for a halt to U.S. Navy bombing of Kaho'olawe.

1976 On January 4, nine individuals make the first successful landings on Kaho'olawe to protest the Navyʻs continued use of the island as a bombing target. The Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana is formed and files a federal lawsuit charging the U.S. Navy with violating laws pertaining to the environment, historic preservation, and religious freedom.

1977 Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana members George Helm and Kimo Mitchell are lost at sea in the waters off Kaho'olawe during an effort to protest the bombing. The U.S. Federal Court orders the Department of Defense to conduct an inventory of ancient Kaho'olawe sites.

1980 Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana members George Helm and Kimo Mitchell are lost at sea in the waters off Kaho'olawe during an effort to protest the bombing. The U.S. Federal Court orders the Department of Defense to conduct an inventory of ancient Kaho'olawe sites.

1981 Documentation of more than 540 traditional sites results in the entire island being placed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

1982 The Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana conducts the first Makahiki on Kaho'olawe since the early 1800s.

1990 U.S. President George Bush issues a memorandum temporarily halting the bombing. The U.S. Congress establishes the Kaho'olawe Island Conveyance Commission to, "study and recommend terms and conditions for returning Kaho'olawe..to the State of Hawai'i."

1992 A healing ceremony is held on Kaho'olawe that aimed to hasten its return to the people of Hawai'i. The following year, the U.S. Congress votes to end military use of the island and authorizes $400 million to clear the island of ordnance. The State of Hawai'i designates Kaho'olawe as a natural and cultural reserve, "to be used exclusively for the preservation and practice of all rights customarily and traditionally exercised by Native Hawaiians for cultural, spiritual, and subsistence purposes." The Kaho'olawe Island Reserve Comission (KIRC) is created to plan for the islandʻs future.

1993 Senator Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawai'i) sponsors Title X of the 1994 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, which authorizes conveyance of Kaho'olawe and its surrounding waters back to the State of Hawai'i. Congress votes to end military use of Kaho'olawe and authorizes $400 million for ordnance removal.

1994 Title to Kaho'olawe is officially transferred from the U.S. Navy to the State of Hawai'i, "to be held in trust until the formation of a federally-recognized sovereign Hawaiian entity."

1997-1998 The U.S. Navy awards contracts for the removal of unexploded ordnance (UXO) on Kaho'olawe.

2003 Transfer of access control is returned from the U.S. Navy to the State of Hawai'i on November 11, 2003 in a ceremony at 'Iōlani Palace. The State of Hawaiʻi is tasked with holding Kahoʻolawe in trust until the formation of a federally recognized Native Hawaiian governing entity.

2004 The U.S. Navy ends the Kaho'olawe UXO Clearance Project. At its completion, approximately 75% of the island was surface cleared of UXO. Of this area, 10% of the island, or 2,647 acres, was additionally cleared to the depth of 4 feet. 25%, or 6,692 acres, was not cleared and unescorted access to these areas remain unsafe.

2013 An audit conducted by the State of Hawai'i determines that the Kaho'olawe Rehabilitation Trust Fund, indicating that 13% of the island has been restored in 18 years with a budget of $51 million. It is recommended that the KIRC creates a comprehensive and measurable plan for the island that includes areas to be restored, scope of work, estimated costs, and timeframes for completion. The audit also urges the KIRC to focus on fundraising.

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Circa 400 A.D. People of the South Pacific sail to Hawaiʻi and begin to settle the Hawaiian archipelago. 1027 Earliest existing radiocarbon date for a Hawaiian presence on Kaho'olawe. 1150-1400...

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In the time of George’s fame, people were starting to acknowledge the wrong that the U.S. had done to Hawaiʻi including the overthrow in 1893. This is the point that the hawaiians wanted their land back and felt is was the right time to start fighting back by civil disobedience. After Kahoʻolawe’s target practice use- the island was off limits to the public and citizens. A group was organized in protest on the island, among this group there would be George as well as eight others.

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The Helm’s were big believers in loving the land, but they were also taught to sing and play instruments. They learned traditional Hawaiian songs that told stories about Hawaiian culture. Music was a way for George to say how he feels. He also enjoyed playing sports and received a sports scholarship to St. Louis when he was 15. He felt that the city life would enlighten him but he later stated that “I came to Oʻahu to get educated, instead I lost my innocence.”

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On March 23 in the year 1950 George Jarrett Helm Jr was born on Molokaʻi. He was just one of the seven children in the family but he would later become a famous Hawaiian activist and musician. George and his family were raised in Hawaiian homesteads and learned to live off the land and how to take care of it so that the island could take care of them in return.

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Kahoʻolawe is the smallest of the eight island chain known of Hawaiʻi but has gone through the most damage. It is a very dry island and suffered a lot from not only men but also the gods. Due to the neighboring island Maui’s strong winds, the island was endured with red dust clouds which affected the islands mystical storm. Kahoʻolawe was later neglected in belief that the island could withstand the bombs of the U.S. Navy.

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Kahoʻolawe Ranch allowed U.S. Navy to use a portion of the island for $1 a year up to 1952, when the lease expires. Several months after this sublease was confirmed, Japanese attacked on Pearl Harbor (December 1941), the Territory of Hawaii was placed under martial law and the whole island was under control of the military.

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In an attempt to go against the damage that the U.S. was doing to HawaiʻI, some protestors, nine known, landed on Kahoʻolawe without permission from the naval authorities. They were not just landing to oppose, they had to put in preparation including: courage, physical, and spiritual prep. A lot of support was also needed to watch the children, raise funds, make phone calls, locate and run the boats, and lobby elected officials.

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Kahoʻolawe was another one of Hawaiʻi’s growing islands until the U.S. had decided to use it as bomb training from the 1940s-1990s; approximately 50 years. This started multiple culturally significant and sacred lands have been main targets for violence of the American national security.

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Archeological evidence suggests that Hawaiians came to Kaho'olawe as early as 400 A.D., settling in small fishing villages along the island's coast. To date, nearly 3,000 archeological and historical sites and features-inventoried through 2004-paint a picture of Kaho'olawe as a navigational center for voyaging, the site of an adze quarry, an agricultural center, and a site for religious and cultural ceremonies. Traditionally, the island has been revered as a wahi pana and a pu'uhonua.

As modern times rolled in, Kaho'olawe underwent a harsh evolution. It would be used briefly as a penal colony, for sheep and cattle ranching, and eventually transferred to the U.S. Navy for use as a bombing range. Litigation forced an end to the bombing in 1990 and the island was placed under the administration of the Kaho'olawe Island Reserve Commission (KIRC). Following a 10-year period of ordnance removal, control of access to Kaho'olawe was transferred to the State of Hawai'i in 2003. Today, the KIRC is responsible for the restoration and sustainable management of the island until it can be transferred to a Native Hawaiian entity to manage.

Native Hawaiians settle and continue to migrate from the South Pacific to Hawai'i. Kaho'olawe is dedicated to Kanaloa, Hawaiian deity of the ocean. The island is also historically referred to as Kohemalamalama O Kanaloa.

Goats are introduced to Kaho'olawe, a gift from Captain Vancouver to Chief Kahekili of Maui.

As early as 1832, adult men are sent to a penal colony on Kaho'olawe for various offenses. Headquarters for the penal colony is located at Kaulana Bay. In 1853, the law establishing Kaho'olawe as a penal colony is repealed.

In 1858, the Hawaiian government issues the first of many ranch leases for the island. Throughout the ranching period, the uncontrolled grazing of cattle, sheep, and goats has a serious impact on the environment of the island resulting in substantial loss of soil through accelerated erosion. By the late 1890s, there are 900 cattle and 15,000 sheep on the island.

After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. declares martial law, which leads to the use of Kaho'olawe as a bombing range.

The goat population on Kaho'olawe reaches about 50,000.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower transfers title of Kaho'olawe to the U.S. Navy with the provision that it be returned in a condition for "suitable habitation" when no longer needed by the military.

Members of Protect Kaho'olawe 'Ohana (PKO) begin a series of occupations of the island in an effort to halt bombing. The PKO also files suit in Federal District Court to enjoin the Navy's bombing activities. In 1977, the Federal District Court orders a partial summary judgment requiring the Navy to conduct an environmental impact statement and supply an inventory of, and protect, the historic sites on the island.

A consent decree is signed between the U.S. Navy and the PKO, which results in a Memorandum of Understanding requiring the Navy to begin soil conservation, revegetation, and goat eradication programs.

Kaho'olawe is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is designated the Kaho'olawe Archaeological District.

As a result of PKO actions and litigation, President George Bush Sr. orders a stop to the bombing of Kaho'olawe.

Senator Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawai'i) sponsors Title X of the 1994 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, which authorizes conveyance of Kaho'olawe and its surrounding waters back to the State of Hawai'i. Congress votes to end military use of Kaho'olawe and authorizes $400 million for ordnance removal.

U.S. Navy conveys deed of ownership of Kaho'olawe to the State of Hawai'i. The Kaho'olawe Island Reserve Commission is established to manage activities on the island.

U.S. Navy awards contracts for the removal of unexploded ordnance on Kaho'olawe.

Transfer of access control is returned from the U.S. Navy to the State of Hawai'i in a ceremony at 'Iolani Palace on November 11, 2003.

US Navy ends the Kahoʻolawe UXO Clearance Project. At its completion approximately 75% of the island was surfaced cleared of unexploded ordnance. Of this area, 10% of the island or 2,647 acres were additionally cleared to the depth of four-feet. 25% or 6,692 acres were not cleared and unescorted access to these areas remains unsafe.

The Hawaiʻi Department of Health's Polluted Runoff Control Program provides nearly $1.9 million in CWA section 319 funding to the KIRC, supplemented by nearly $1.9 million in matching funds from volunteer restoration activities. Collectively, these funds allowed KIRC to make considerable progress in its effort to begin restoring two targeted watersheds by implementing innovative methods to minimize erosion and reduce sediment loads moving from the land into the waters on and around the island.

Aloha Kahoʻolawe program is designed to create a sustainable funding plan through the State of Hawaiʻi as the federal Trust Fund recedes. Initial outcomes include a membership program, community building events at the KIRC's Kihei site and Kahoʻolawe's first appropriation of General Funds.

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Kahoolawe Island Reserve Commission History

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Archeological evidence suggests that Hawaiians came to Kaho'olawe as early as 400 A.D., settling in small fishing villages along the island's coast. To date, nearly 3,000 archeological and historical sites and features-inventoried through 2004-paint a picture of Kaho'olawe as a navigational center for voyaging, the site of an adze quarry, an agricultural center, and a site for religious and cultural ceremonies.