# data[].attributes.body
•Bacteria

•spread from animal to animal

contact with material from subcutaneous abscesses (pus) or fomites (inanimate objects) contaminated with abscess material

•can survive several months in the soil and environment

•Treatment

None recommended.

# data[].attributes.body
Virus

blisters on the mouth lips and nose

Zoonotic

Prevention

vaccination.

# data[].attributes.body
extremely contagious bacterial infection

causes lameness

wight loss due to limited mobility is major problem

Treatment

footbath solution

Prevention

Sanitation

regular hoof trimming

This disease found in all livestock animals.

# data[].attributes.body
•(Overeating Disease)

�bacterial disease

�causes sudden death of animals.

�Prevention

�Vaccination

# data[].attributes.body
•(Lockjaw)

�bacteria that lives in the soil

�enters the animal’s body through a wound

�All livestock animals can contract tetanus

�Animals who receive preventative maintenance procedures such as castration or docking should be vaccinated .

# data[].attributes.body
�(Brooder Pneumonia)

•fungus or mold

•Symptoms:

�loss of appetite

�Gasping

�Sleepiness

�Convulsions

�Death

•Prevention

�using mold free litter

•Treatment

�None

# data[].attributes.body
�protozoan parasites

�Symptoms:

�bloody diarrhea

�weight loss

�droopiness

�Affects numerous livestock species

�Treatment and prevention

�coccidiostats.

# data[].attributes.body
•Virus

•Symptoms

yellow cankers in the mouth and eyes

scabs around the head

•No known treatment.

# data[].attributes.body
Virus

Symptoms

gasping for air

Sneezing

breathing difficulties

tremors and paralysis

No known treatment

# data[].attributes.headline
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

# data[].attributes.subject
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome

# data[].attributes.body
viral disease

late term fetal death

abortion

weak pigs

respiratory disease in young pigs

•No effective treatment

•Prevention includes vaccination.

# data[].attributes.body
�chronic disease

�coughing in young pigs

�reduces feed intake and causes reduced gains

�Mortality is low

�Prevention

�vaccination and sanitation

# data[].attributes.body
bacterial disease

bloody scours

Treatment

use of one of the several recommended drugs in the drinking water.

# data[].attributes.body
Very contagious

Virus

Symptoms

Vomiting

diarrhea with white, yellow or green feces

kills almost 100% of baby pigs

Treatment

Drugs and vaccines are not effective in controlling and treating TGE in swine.

# data[].attributes.body
bacterial infection that causes inflammation in mammary glands

more common in dairy industry

Prevention

sanitation and proper milking procedures

# data[].attributes.body
�bacterial disease that lives in soils and infects animals through wounds

�Sudden death

�Lameness

�swollen muscles

�high fever

�Prevention

�vaccination

# data[].attributes.body
disease complex with many symptoms

closed eyes

Fever

Coughing

Diarrhea

discharge from nose

more common in young cattle during times of stress

Treatment

antibiotics and sulfa drugs

# data[].attributes.body
�microorganism that causes abortion during last half of pregnancy, afterbirth retention or sterility

�must be slaughtered and disposed of properly

�Prevention

�vaccinating breeding females

�testing animals

�purchasing from brucellosis free producers

# data[].attributes.body
•Medication Injections

Subcutaneous

Intramuscular

Intravenous

into the vein

angled approximately 25 degrees

jugular vein is most common vein used but caution must be taken to not hit carotid artery

Intradermal

into the epidermal layer of the skin

angled approximately 10-15 degrees

# data[].attributes.body
•Vaccine Injections

�Subcutaneous

�under the skin

�angled approximately 45 degrees

�Intramuscular

�into the muscle

�90 degree angle

�Intranasal

�into the nose

�no needle used

�vaccine is deposited through small tube into the nasal cavity.

# data[].attributes.body
•Types of Vaccines

Modified Live

vaccines that are alive but are weakened and have lost their disease causing ability

Killed

vaccines that do not contain pathogens, but still stimulate immune response

# data[].attributes.body
•substances that develop resistance to disease (immunity)

•Types of Vaccines

�Modified Live

�vaccines that are alive but are weakened and have lost their disease causing ability

�Killed

�vaccines that do not contain pathogens, but still stimulate immune response

# data[].attributes.body
•resistance to developing a disease

•types of Immunity:

Active

immunity that is acquired naturally due to exposure to substance that stimulates antibody production

vaccination

Passive

antibodies that are transferred from mother to baby or injected into an animal from an animal that is already immune

colostrum

# data[].attributes.body
•Infectious

caused by a specific disease causing microorganism and/or pathogen

may or may not be contagious

Examples:

Virus

single celled eukaryotic organism

has characteristics of both living and nonliving material, but cannot grow and reproduce outside of a living cell

antibiotics are not effective in treating viruses

Bacteria

single celled prokaryotic organism

survive in various conditions and invade the cells of an animal’s body

Protozoa

microorganism that causes disease.

# data[].attributes.body
•Non-Infectious

caused by environmental or nutrition factors rather than a specific microorganism

typically not contagious

Examples:

faulty nutrition

trauma

toxic substances

congenital defects

metabolic disorders

# data[].attributes.body
�Removal of a portion of the tail

•Performed on sheep, pigs and sometimes dairy cattle

�Sheep and Cattle

�Improves overall sanitation especially during reproductive procedures and parturition

•Methods

�Knife

�Elastrator

�Burdizzo

�Emasculator

�Electric docker

�Hot iron docker

# data[].attributes.body
�Removal of sharp side teeth on piglets

•Prevents injury to sow during nursing and littermates.

�Method

�Disinfected clippers

# data[].attributes.body
�Removing ½ to 1/3 of the beak

•Performed to prevent cannibalism

•Poultry in range systems should not be debeaked

�Methods

�Hot iron tool

�Infrared tool

# data[].attributes.body
�Removing testicles of male animals

1.Prevents unplanned breeding

2.Improves ability and ease to manage animals

3.Castrate young animals to reduce stress

4.Castration performed on all livestock species.
�Methods

•Surgical

�involves splitting or removing the lower third of the scrotum and extracting the testicles by severing the spermactic cord

�Tools used include a surgical knife, emasculator, or Henderson castrating tool

•Bloodless

�Burdizzio or elastrator

�cuts off blood supply to the testicles.

# data[].attributes.body
�Prevent injury to cattle, people and facilities

�Perform when the animal is young

•Reduces shock and is easier to do

•Older animals tend to bleed more

•Fall is the best weather for dehorning
�Methods:

•Chemical

�liquid or pastes

•Mechanical

�Spoons, cup or tube type

�a circular blade is pushed into the skin around the horn bud and then turned to remove horn.

�Barnes type

�hinged tool placed over the horn that slices through skin and under the horn

�Hot irons

�a heated tool is held to horn bud to destroy horn producing cells

�Bloodless method only used in button stage

�Saws

�a hand saw or obstetrical wire is used to saw through horn.

# data[].attributes.body
prevent excessive infestation, illness and potential death of livestock animals
Ex.
Ticks
Mites
Fleas

# data[].attributes.body
�prevent excessive infestation, illness and potential death of livestock animals
Examples
Heart worm
Tapeworms
Roundworms
Hookworms

# data[].attributes.body
•Sanitation

�prevents a wide variety of diseases and issues associated with raising livestock

�More effective method of preventing disease compared to treating animals once they are sick

�Isolation of new animals to prevent spread of disease

•Biosecurity

�protection from biological harm from living things including diseases, parasites and bioterrorism

•Record Keeping

�keep accurate breeding records, health protocols, production records, vaccinations schedules, etc.

•Feeding Practices

�provide adequate nutrition to meet the needs of the individual animals.