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Open-Angle (Chronic) Glaucoma:

Open-angle, or chronic, glaucoma has no signs or symptoms except gradual vision loss.

Angle-Closure (Acute) Glaucoma:

If the flow of your aqueous humor fluid is suddenly blocked, the rapid buildup of fluid may cause a severe, quick, and painful increase in pressure

Congenital Glaucoma:

Children born with congenital glaucoma have a defect in the angle of their eye, which slows or prevents normal fluid drainage

Secondary Glaucoma:

Secondary glaucoma is often a side effect of injury or another eye condition, such as cataracts or eye tumors.

Normal Tension Glaucoma:

In some cases, people without increased eye pressure develop damage to their optic nerve.

Treatment:The two most common ways to treat glaucoma are medication and surgery.  Treatment for angle-closure glaucoma is different.This type of glaucoma is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to reduce eye pressure as quickly as possible.

Outlook: Yes glaucoma can cause total blindness. Once you go blind, your vision can never be restored. There is currently no cure for glaucoma.

Treatment for angle-closure glaucoma is different. This type of glaucoma is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to reduce eye pressureasquicklyaspossible

What is Glaucoma?   Glaucoma is an eye disease that can damage your optic nerve. The optic nerve supplies visual information to your brain from your eyes. Glaucoma is usually, but not always, the result of abnormally high pressure inside your eye. Over time, the increased pressure can erode your optic nerve tissue, which may lead to vision loss or even blindness. If it’s caught early, you may be able to prevent additional vision loss.

The symptoms of Narrow - Angle Glaucoma

severe eye pain

nausea

vomiting

redness in your eye

sudden vision disturbances

seeing colored rings around lights

sudden blurred vision

The increased pressure, called intraocular pressure, can damage the optic nerve, which transmits images to your brain. If the damage continues, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss. Without treatment, glaucoma can cause total permanent blindness within a few years.

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Overview:
Hypertensive Retinopathy is a build up of pressure behind the retina. Once pressure exceeds the limit the blood vessel then burst  causing bleeding in the back of the eye.

Symptoms:
For Hypertensive Retionpathy there  are a series of symptoms.  Most common and sometimes most misdiagnosed would be known as headaches. Other words the most dead giveaway would be bleeding behind the retina, Swelling of the Macula and Optic Nerve.

Causes:
High blood pressure causes Hypertensive Retinopathy by effecting the retina in the back of the eye. This makes images unfocused in the back of the eye. The four things that influence high blood pressure are: Being overweight, family history of high blood pressure, diet, and stress.

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Treatment:
Treatment for Hypertensive Retinopathy is quite the vile way of doing it. The doctor injects a dye, with this dye the Doctor an follow the dye with an Opthalmoscope. This opens ways to finds leakage, tension and blockages in the blood vessels. Once founded the Doctor can now diagnose the treatment and treat it.

Outlook:
Usually causes various vision problems but can possibly cause total blindness.

Prevention:
Keeping good blood pressure, regular doctor visits/checkups.

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Overview & Symptoms

Retinal Detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels always from the underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized or broad, but without rapid treatment the entire retina will detach, leading to vision loss and blindness. Some symptoms of Retinal Detachment include, but not limited to: the sudden appearance of many floaters, flashes of light in one or both eyes, blurred vision, gradually reduced side (peripheral) vision, and a curtain like shadow over your field of vision.

Causes

1. Rhegmatogenous: Most common type caused by holes or breaks in the retina called retinal tears. Allows fluid from the middle of the eye to pass through the tear and settle under the retina. Fluid builds up under the retina and pushes the retina away from the layer beneath it. CAUSE= posterior vitreous detachment (PVD); this is part of aging

2. Traction: Occurs when scar tissue or other abnormal tissues grows on the surface of the retina, which pulls the retina away from the layer beneath it CAUSE= proliferative retinopathy (disease of retina) from Diabetes

3. Exudative: Occurs when blood or fluid from the middle layer of tissue that forms the eyeball (choroid) flows into the space under the retina and separates the retina from the layer beneath it CAUSE= complication of other diseases or conditions i.e macular degeneration, eye tumors, inflammation in choroid/retina, severe high blood pressure.

Treatment & Outlook
There are two ways to treat retinal detachment:

1. Photocoagulation (laser eye surgery)- this is when the surgeon directs a laser through the eye into the pupil. The laser makes burns around the retinal tear which in turn creates scarring. This scarring then “welds” to the underlying tissues.

2. Cryopexy (freezing)- the surgeon will numb the eye and then put a freezing tube into the pupil. The freezing tube creates a scar, which makes the retina bind to the eye wall.

Outlook: Yes! This can cause total blindness unless treated properly and in the appropriate time frame. Once person becomes blind due to retinal detachment there is no way to restore the vision.

Group Members: Dalton Campbell, Alex Mena & Mackenzie Howell

Picture url: http://marineyes.com/retinal-detachmen

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Causes

If you were born with it it was because of a genetic syndrome or  an infection that was passed from your mother to you. If it developed later in life then they can develop from a wide variety of things including:

-Age

-blood vessel and Autoimmune diseases

-Infections

-Traumatic injuries

-Loud noises

-Meniere's disease

-Cancerous growths

Symptoms

-Noises can be overbearing or faint

-Unable to keep up with a conversation with two or more people

-Trouble hearing in noisy places

-Difficulty hearing kids and women voices

-Certain letter sounds are hard to decipher

-Other people talking sounds muffled or slurred

-Ears ringing

-Off balance

Treatments

There is no medical or surgical method to repair the auditory nerves or inner ear cells if damages. Hearing aids and cochlear implants aid the hearing loss. Vibrating alarm clocks, captioned phones, and alerting devices help provide a hearing solution also.

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Overview: Retinal Vascular Occlusion affects the eye, specifically the retina. The retina is the light-sensitive layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye. The occlusion can cause blood or other fluids to build up and prevent the retina from properly filtering light. When light is blocked or fluids are present, a sudden loss of vision can occur. The severity of vision loss may depend on where the blockage or clot occurred.

Symptoms: The main symptom of RVO is sudden change in vision. This could include blurry vision, or a partial or complete loss in vision. The symptoms typically occur in one eye. Physical pain is not a symptom of RVO.

Causes:The cause of Retinal Vascular Occlusion is unknown.

Atherosclerosis, blood clots, diabetes, and being over the age of 60 all increase your risk of having Retinal Vascular Occlusion.

Treatments:Though there are no particular medicinal treatments for Retinal Vascular Occlusion, there are some treatments, some including blood thinners, or injections in your eyes.

Other treatments include: antivascular endothelial growth factor  (anti-VEGF) drugs such as aflibercept (Eylea) and ranibizumab (Lucentis), which are injected into the eye.

Corticosteriod drugs that are injected into your eye to control the swelling.

In some cases, laser therapy can be used to break down the blockage in the blood vessels and to keep more damage from occurring.

RVO does NOT cause permanent blindness.