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There are many arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of migration and how it has affected us locally.
Positive Impacts on host countries
* Job vacancies and skills gaps can be filled.

* Economic growth can be sustained.

* Services to an ageing population can be maintained when there are insufficient young people locally.

* The pension gap can be filled by the contributions of new young workers and they also pay taxes.

* Immigrants bring energy and innovation.

* Host countries are enriched by cultural diversity.

* Failing schools (and those with falling numbers) can be transformed.
Negative Impacts on host countries
* Depression of wages may occur, especially in lower paid jobs.

* Having workers willing to work for relatively low pay may allow employers to ignore productivity, training and innovation.

* Migrants may be exploited.

* Increases in population can put pressure on public services.

* Unemployment may rise if there are unrestricted numbers of incomers.

* There may be integration difficulties and friction with local people.

* Large movements of people lead to more security monitoring.

* Ease of movement may facilitate organised crime and people trafficking.
Positive Impacts on countries of origin
* Developing countries benefit from remittances (payments sent home by migrants). These now often outstrip foreign aid.

* Unemployment is reduced and young migrants enhance their life prospects

* Returning migrants bring savings, skills and international contacts.
Negative Impacts on countries of origin
* Economic disadvantage through the loss of young workers

* Loss of highly trained people, especially health workers

* Social problems for children left behind or growing up without a wider family circle
The Effects of Increased Migration in Northern Ireland
An Oxford Economics study published by the Department of Employment and Learning (DEL) in 2009 concluded that migrant workers had helped maintain a sufficient labour supply to fuel the 2004-2008 economic boom. The availability of migrant labour appeared to have made the difference between some businesses surviving, or not needing to relocate production abroad (especially in the case of food processing). The authors quote a survey of 600 businesses where 31% said that migrants were important in the survival of their organisation; this rose to 50% in health and social care and agriculture.

In addition the study indicated that migrants have:

* facilitated growth in the economy;

* brought benefits to the tourism industry through the development of new air routes;

* had a positive influence on the productivity or efficiency of local workers;

* contributed new ideas and a fresh approach to firms;

* increased cultural links with developing nations that will prove useful in growing our international trade.

In addition to these economic benefits, incomers have helped the health and care services to continue functioning; contributed to cultural diversity; and increased the vitality of schools, particularly in rural areas.

Summary

It is clear that immigration can be beneficial for migrants, but only if their rights are protected properly. It can also be economically beneficial for both countries of origin and host countries; however, with present economic and trading structures it is the rich and powerful countries that benefit most. Migration brings social and cultural pressures that need to be taken into account in planning for future services. Migration also has the potential for bringing peoples together culturally but friction occurs if efforts are not made to dispel negative myths held by local people. It is also essential to provide good information about the local way of life to newcomers and ensure opportunities for people to mix and integrate. Where the economic preconditions exist, migration is inevitable. When people try to prevent immigration it just goes underground.

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There are many arguments about the advantages and disadvantages of migration and how it has affected us locally. Positive Impacts on host countries * Job vacancies and skills gaps can be filled. * Economic growth can be sustained. * Services to an ageing population can be maintained when there are insufficient young people locally.

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Inside Colombia and Venezuela's Border and Refugee Crisis

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The neighbouring states have withdrawn ambassadors and expelled each other's nationals

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Venezuela-Colombia migrant crisis - Wikipedia

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The Venezuela-Colombia migrant crisis refers to a diplomatic and humanitarian crisis that occurred in mid-2015 following the shooting of three Venezuelan soldiers on the Venezuela-Colombia border that left them injured and President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro's response of deporting thousands of Colombians.

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chances of a refugee killing you and other immigration stats - cnnpolitics

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Chances of a refugee killing you - and other surprising immigration stats

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Trump's travel bans have sparked protests and debate. Here are some hard numbers to help understand the situation.

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Oral Presentation Topic: Refugees and Immigrants

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Oral Presentation Topic: Refugees and Immigrants

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By Michael D. Shear, Nicholas Kulish and Alan Feuer

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Judge Blocks Trump Order on Refugees Amid Chaos and Outcry Worldwide (Published 2017)

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In a New York courtroom on Saturday evening, the judge said that sending the travelers home could cause them “irreparable harm.”

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2. Interview with the United Nations.

The United Nations decides if the person fits the definition of a refugee and whether to refer the person to the United States or to another country for resettlement. Only the most vulnerable are referred, accounting for less than than 1 percent of refugees worldwide. Some people spend years waiting in refugee camps.

5. Interview with State Department contractors.

The refugee's name is run through law enforcement and intelligence databases for terrorist or criminal history. Some go through a higher-level clearance before they can continue. A third background check was introduced in 2008 for Iraqis but has since been expanded to all refugees ages 14 to 65.

The refugee's fingerprints are screened against F.B.I. and Homeland Security databases, which contain watch list information and past immigration encounters, including if the refugee previously applied for a visa at a United States embassy. Fingerprints are also checked against those collected by the Defense Department during operations in Iraq.

Syrian applicants must undergo these two additional steps. Each is reviewed by a United States Citizenship and Immigration Services refugee specialist. Cases with "national security indicators" are given to the Homeland Security Department's fraud detection unit.

Most of the interviews with Syrians have been done in Jordan and Turkey.

Because of the long amount of time between the initial screening and departure, officials conduct a final check before the refugee leaves for the United States.

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Refugees Entering the U.S. Already Face a Rigorous Vetting Process

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2. Interview with the United Nations. The United Nations decides if the person fits the definition of a refugee and whether to refer the person to the United States or to another country for resettlement. Only the most vulnerable are referred, accounting for less than than 1 percent of refugees worldwide.

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At a Pentagon ceremony Friday, President Trump announced executive actions calling for a "great rebuilding" of the U.S. military and a more stringent vetting process for refugees. Published On Credit Credit Image by Stephen Crowley/The New York Times

WASHINGTON - President Trump on Friday closed the nation's borders to refugees from around the world, ordering that families fleeing the slaughter in Syria be indefinitely blocked from entering the United States, and temporarily suspending immigration from several predominantly Muslim countries.

In an executive order that he said was part of an extreme vetting plan to keep out "radical Islamic terrorists," Mr. Trump also established a religious test for refugees from Muslim nations: He ordered that Christians and others from minority religions be granted priority over Muslims.

"We don't want them here," Mr. Trump said of Islamist terrorists during a signing ceremony at the Pentagon. "We want to ensure that we are not admitting into our country the very threats our soldiers are fighting overseas. We only want to admit those into our country who will support our country, and love deeply our people."

Earlier in the day, Mr. Trump explained to an interviewer for the Christian Broadcasting Network that Christians in Syria were "horribly treated" and alleged that under previous administrations, "if you were a Muslim you could come in, but if you were a Christian, it was almost impossible."

"I thought it was very, very unfair. So we are going to help them," the president said.

In fact, the United States accepts tens of thousands of Christian refugees. According to the Pew Research Center, almost as many Christian refugees (37,521) were admitted as Muslim refugees (38,901) in the 2016 fiscal year.

The executive order suspends the entry of refugees into the United States for 120 days and directs officials to determine additional screening "to ensure that those approved for refugee admission do not pose a threat to the security and welfare of the United States."

The order also stops the admission of refugees from Syria indefinitely, and bars entry into the United States for 90 days from seven predominantly Muslim countries linked to concerns about terrorism. Those countries are Iraq, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia and Yemen.

Additionally, Mr. Trump signed a memorandum on Friday directing what he called "a great rebuilding of the armed services," saying it would call for budget negotiations to acquire new planes, new ships and new resources for the nation's military.

"Our military strength will be questioned by no one, but neither will our dedication to peace," Mr. Trump said.

Announcing his "extreme vetting" plan, the president invoked the specter of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Most of the 19 hijackers on the planes that crashed into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and a field in Shanksville, Pa., were from Saudi Arabia. The rest were from the United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Lebanon. None of those countries are on Mr. Trump's visa ban list.

Human rights activists roundly condemned Mr. Trump's actions, describing them as officially sanctioned religious persecution dressed up to look like an effort to make the United States safer.

The International Rescue Committee called it "harmful and hasty." The American Civil Liberties Union described it as a "euphemism for discriminating against Muslims." Raymond Offensheiser, the president of Oxfam America, said the order would harm families around the world who are threatened by authoritarian governments.

"The refugees impacted by today's decision are among the world's most vulnerable people - women, children, and men - who are simply trying to find a safe place to live after fleeing unfathomable violence and loss," Mr. Offensheiser said.

The president signed the executive order shortly after issuing a statement noting that Friday was International Holocaust Remembrance Day, an irony that many of his critics highlighted on Twitter. The statement did not mention Jews, although it cited the "depravity and horror inflicted on innocent people by Nazi terror."

Mr. Trump's actions came during a swearing-in ceremony for Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis, a former Marine general. Standing in the Hall of Heroes at the Pentagon, Mr. Trump hailed the members of America's military as "the backbone of this country" and described Mr. Mattis as a "man of action." The president mistakenly referred to Mr. Mattis as a "soldier," a term abhorred by Marines.

Mr. Trump has been deferential to Mr. Mattis, who has quickly established himself as a top aide whose advice the president is willing to take. On Friday, Mr. Trump said he would let Mr. Mattis "override" him by banning torture during terror interrogations even though Mr. Trump believes the tactics do work in getting information from suspects.

In a remarkable show of deference to his own subordinate, Mr. Trump said during an earlier news conference Friday morning with Theresa May, the British prime minister, that he would let Mr. Mattis decide about whether to use torture in interrogations. Mr. Mattis has said he does not believe torture is effective.

"I don't necessarily agree, but I will tell you that he will override because I'm giving him that power," Mr. Trump said. "I'm going to rely on him. I happen to feel that it does work."

Mr. Trump appeared to be struggling with the issue even as he spoke, returning several times to his own belief in the effectiveness of torture even as he stated that he would let Mr. Mattis decide.

"But I'm going with our leaders," he said. "We are going to win, with or without."

Then he added, "But I do disagree."

Mr. Mattis spent his first week as defense secretary trying to reassure not only American allies, but also military rank and file, that the United States will not abandon a national security structure that has stood in place since the end of World War II. He has told officials in the Pentagon building that at an uncertain time, he intends, as defense secretary, to provide an even-keeled, measured approach to national security issues.

Before the signing ceremony, Mr. Trump met with Mr. Mattis and his military chiefs for about an hour. The meeting - which took place in a Pentagon secure room known as "the tank" - included introductions for Mr. Trump to his military chiefs of staff. The meeting was attended by Michael Flynn, the national security adviser; Gen. Joseph Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; and the chiefs of the four services and the National Guard.

The men discussed how to accelerate the fight against the Islamic State and North Korea and how to deal with a host of global challenges, said a defense official who was not authorized to talk publicly about the internal talks. The leaders also discussed how to improve military readiness.

The newly sworn-in secretary of defense also gave Mr. Trump a little of what the president has been asking - or tweeting - for. On Thursday, Mr. Mattis ordered a review of the controversial F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program, which has been criticized by Mr. Trump for its cost overruns.

Mr. Mattis also ordered that plans for a new Air Force One - another project that has come under fire from Mr. Trump - should be reviewed, "with the specific objective of identifying means to substantially reduce the program's costs while delivering needed capabilities."

The F-35 review, Mr. Mattis said in a memo, will also look at how to reduce costs while still meeting requirements set out for the fighter jet program.

During his confirmation hearings this month, Mr. Mattis defended Twitter messages from Mr. Trump criticizing the F-35 program. Mr. Mattis said at the time that Mr. Trump had "in no way shown a lack of support for the program," adding, "He just wants more bang for the buck."

The cost of building the F-35 next-generation fighter jet has been an issue at the Pentagon for several years. At an estimated $400 billion over 15 years for 2,443 planes, the fighter jet is the military's largest weapons project.

A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Trump Targets Muslim Areas in Refugee Ban. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe

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Trump Bars Refugees and Citizens of 7 Muslim Countries

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WASHINGTON - President Trump on Friday closed the nation's borders to refugees from around the world, ordering that families fleeing the slaughter in Syria be indefinitely blocked from entering the United States, and temporarily suspending immigration from several predominantly Muslim countries.

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CLOSE

President Trump suspended the U.S. refugee program for 120 days, banned all immigrants from seven Muslim countries for 90 days and ordered his administration to develop "extreme vetting" measures for immigrants from those countries to keep "radical Islamic terrorists" out of the United States.

The order, signed Friday, also bars all Syrians from entering the U.S., and gives preference in admission to Christians, whom he said are persecuted in majority Muslim countries.
More coverage: Protests erupt: The scene at JFK Trump says immigration ban working 'nicely' as protests, detainments hit airports U.S. immigrants: 'Our president is trying to divide us' People flood social media with tales of stranded family, friends Trump says he's 'hit the ground running at a record pace'
Here's a look at what's involved with the refugee ban:

What's the difference between immigrants and refugees?

Immigrants are people from other countries who come to the United States for a variety of personal reasons, such as seeking a better life than in their native countries. Refugees are a special class of immigrants who seek asylum from war, persecution and other risks to their safety. They have protected status under international law.

Who are the refugees admitted to the U.S. in 2016?

Most of the 85,000 refugees admitted in 2016 came from countries that are at war or under the control of repressive governments. Top admissions from Africa came from the war-torn Democratic Republic of Congo (16,370) and Somalia (9,020). From East Asia, most came from Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, (12,347). The greatest number of Europeans came from Ukraine (2,543), which is at war with Russian-backed irregular troops in the east. Colombians (529) fleeing an insurgency topped the list from South America, and Syrians (12,587) and Iraqis (9,880) fleeing civil war and terrorist groups topped the list from the Near East and South Asia.

How many refugees has the U.S. admitted in the past?

Total U.S. refugee admissions have dropped steadily from 146,158 in 1975, when 135,000came from Asia, according to the State Department.

Does Trump have the legal authority to block refugees and other immigrants?

He may on security grounds. A president has the power to shut down the refugee program completely without approval from Congress. Federal law allows the president to bar entry to any immigrant "or any class" of immigrants if he deems them "detrimental to the interests of the United States," and to "impose on the entry of aliens any restrictions he may deem to be appropriate," according to the law:

U.S. Code § 1182 - Inadmissible aliens: "Whenever the President finds that the entry of any aliens or of any class of aliens into the United States would be detrimental to the interests of the United States, he may by proclamation, and for such period as he shall deem necessary, suspend the entry of all aliens or any class of aliens as immigrants or nonimmigrants, or impose on the entry of aliens any restrictions he may deem to be appropriate."

How many immigrants does the U.S. admit, and how many come from the seven countries on Trump's list?

The State Department issued 617,752 immigrant visas and 10,891,745 non-immigrant (tourist and worker) visas in 2016. One out of 20 immigrant visas - roughly 30,000 - went to people from the seven majority Muslim countries cited by the president: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Sudan, Somalia and Yemen.

Why did he single out those seven countries?

Three of them - Iran, Sudan and Syria - comprise the State Department's list of state sponsors of terrorism. The other four - Iraq, Libya, Somalia and Yemen - are designated "terrorist safe havens" by the State Department.

Have any refugees from those countries recently committed terrorist acts in the U.S.?

No. The two major U.S. terrorist attacks that occurred in 2015 and 2016 involved people with ties to countries not on that list: Omar Mateen, who killed 49 people at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando last June, was a U.S.-born Afghan-American who'd traveled to Saudi Arabia in recent years. And Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, the married couple who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, Calif., on Dec. 2, 2015, also had no ties to those seven countries. Farook was born in the U.S. to Pakistani immigrants, and his wife was a recent arrival from Saudi Arabia, which Farook had visited.

How are refugees now vetted?

The State Department says it has the most exhaustive background system of any country in the world. Refugees are first interviewed in their home countries and their backgrounds are checked carefully during a process that can take up to two years. Some refugees worked for the U.S. military in Iraq as translators or in other jobs and are seeking asylum for fears of being singled out for their association with the U.S. government.

Why is there a total ban on Syrians?

Syria is a concern because the Islamic State militant group that is behind terrorist acts around the world still operates in the country, which has been devastated by a nearly six-year-long civil war. About 11 million Syrians - half the population - have been displaced.

Who are the Syrians being admitted to the U.S.?

The State Department says the vast majority of the 12,587 admitted last year are women and children, and only 2% are single young men who are most likely to commit terrorist acts.

Can Trump block entry of immigrants who already received visas and traveled to the United States?

That will likely be decided by the courts. Immigration officials denied entry to immigrants from the seven countries after Trump signed the executive order, prompting lawsuits by some immigrants.

Can Trump block or favor refugees based on their religion?

Legal experts say a ban on Muslim immigrants rather than a ban on immigrants from specific countries that have Muslim majorities would be challenged based on the First Amendment, which guarantees freedom of religion. His call for giving preference to Christian refugees may be challenged on religious-freedom grounds.

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What you need to know about Trump's immigration plan

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CLOSE President Trump suspended the U.S. refugee program for 120 days, banned all immigrants from seven Muslim countries for 90 days and ordered his administration to develop "extreme vetting" measures for immigrants from those countries to keep "radical Islamic terrorists" out of the United States.

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Basic Info

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An Immigrant is an individual who leaves one's country to settle in another, whereas refugees are defined as persons, who move out of one's country due to restriction or danger to their lives.

Immigration is considered a natural phenomenon in population ecology, whereas the refugee movement occurs only under some kind of coercion or pressure.

Comparison chart

Immigrant

Refugee

Definition

An immigrant is someone from a foreign country who relocates to live in another country. They may or may not be citizens.

Refugees move out of fear or necessity. e.g. to flee persecution; or because their homes were destroyed in a natural disaster; or due to war, violence, political opinion, human rights violations; or due to their religion, beliefs or political opinion

Legal Status

Immigrants are subject to the laws of their adopted country. They may only come if they have work or a place to live.

Defined by United Nations

Reason of relocation

Immigrants are usually driven by economic factors, or they want to be close to family.

Refugees are forced to relocate for reasons such as natural disasters, fear of persecution or suffered persecution due to at least one of the following: race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion.

Resettlement

Immigrants can usually find a home in their new country.

From refugee camp to a third country. Usually cannot return to ones own country.

Reason for Move

Immigrants move by choice and due to promise of a better life. The main reasons include better economic conditions, education and family reasons. However, they still have a choice to return to their own country at any time.

Refugees, on the other hand, move out due to fear of persecution caused by war, violence, political instability, aggression or due to their religion, beliefs, caste, or political opinion. In most cases, it is not possible for them to go back to their country.

History of refuge and immigration

Although the concept of taking refuge in another region has been long known and understood, the term "refugee" was completely defined after the 1951 Geneva Convention. Now the term refugee is a well-defined term and distinct from an internally or nationally displaced persons. The people who fled from Europe after World war II were termed refugees, along with those from Africa, following the civil wars, from the middle east, Bangladesh and many other nations. The greatest source countries for refugees are Afghanistan, Iraq, Myanmar, Sudan, and the Palestinian territories.

The first wave of immigrants took place when people from Western Europe moved to Americas, and settled there. Now stricter government laws are imposed on immigration, and people can immigrate to a country only after laborious paperwork and documentation. Each country has its set rules regarding allowing new immigrants into the country. In 2005, Europe hosted the largest number of immigrants, mostly from Asia.

Legal Status of immigrants vs refugees

The protection of refugees is governed by the refugee law and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. Before resettlement refugees stay in camps where they are provided basic amenities and healthcare till they can return to their homeland or resettle in a third country.

Immigrants can move to a country after due Government or embassy paperwork and have to abide by the laws of that country.

Resettlement

Refugee camps are set up to provide aid to these individuals till they can return to their country. In the event that they cannot, resettlement options are provided in a third country. A total of 17 Countries like Australia, Canada, Denmark, Chile and others have refugee quotas and provide resettlement options in their countries to individuals from refugee camps.

Immigrants however move out of their own volition, and have to explore their own settlement options in the new country.

References

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What's the difference between Immigrant and Refugee? An Immigrant is an individual who leaves one's country to settle in another, whereas refugees are defined as persons, who move out of one's country due to restriction or danger to their lives. Immigration is considered a natural phenomenon in population e...