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1. mutualism: a relationship where both species benefit
2. commensalism: a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
3. parasitism: one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it, but not usually killing it

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the non-living parts of an ecosystem

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the living parts of a ecosystem

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- all of the ecosystems on Earth with similar temperatures precipitation, and organisms

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the community of organisms that live in a particular area, along with their non-living surroundings

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all the different populations that live together in an area

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an organism that competes against another organism for food, shelter, etc.

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the largest population that an area can support

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all the members of a species in a particular area

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a group of organisms that are physically similar and can mate, reproduce, and have babies that can also mate and reproduce, and so on

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an environmental factor that causes a population to decrease (food, water, space, and weather)

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the process where a characteristic or trait which makes an organism more successful eventually becomes common in a species.

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behaviors, traits, or characteristics that allow an organism to be successful in their environment.

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trees that have needles that don't shed and grow their seeds in cones

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a layer of soil in the tundra that remains frozen all year

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a cold and dry biome which receives very little precipitation

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trees that lose their leaves each year and eventually regrow new ones

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located close to the equator, contains small trees and shrubs, receives up to 120 cm of rain

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contains no trees, found in the middle latitudes, receives 25 to 75 cm of rain

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an area that receives less than 25 cm of rain a year, and has more evaporation than precipitation

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plants that grow well in the shade under the canopy

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are the tall trees that form a leafy roof in the rainforest

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shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food chain

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consists of many overlapping and interconnecting food chains in an ecosystem

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a series of events where one organism eats another to obtain energy, and so on

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break down wastes and dead organisms for energy and/or return the raw materials back to the ecosystem environment

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a carnivore that feeds on the carcasses of animals

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consumers that eat both meat and plants

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an organism that eats only meat/other organisms

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an organism that eats only plants

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an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms

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the first source of all the food in an ecosystem