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The mainstay of treatment is usually medication, talk therapy, or a combination of the two. Increasingly, research suggests these treatments may normalize brain changes associated with depression.

TherapiesCognitive behavioral therapy, Behavior therapy, and Psychotherapy Medications Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Antidepressant, Anxiolytic, and AntipsychoticMedical procedureElectroconvulsive therapySpecialistsClinical psychologist, Psychiatrist, Primary care provider (PCP), and Emergency medicine doctor

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Symptoms last longer then 2 weeks.

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A. Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and
represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed
mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
Note: Do not include symptoms that are clearly attributable to another medical condition.
1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels
sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and
adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day
(as indicated by either subjective account or observation.)
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight
in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day. (Note: In children, consider failure to
make expected weight gain.)
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective
feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).
6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day
(not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick).
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective
account or as observed by others).
9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan,
or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.
B. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other
important areas of functioning.
C. The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or to another medical
condition.
Note: Criteria A-C represent a major depressive episode.
Note: Responses to a significant loss (e.g., bereavement, financial ruin, losses from a natural disaster, a
serious medical illness or disability) may include the feelings of intense sadness, rumination about the loss,
insomnia, poor appetite, and weight loss noted in Criterion A, which may resemble a depressive episode.
Although such symptoms may be understandable or considered appropriate to the loss, the presence of a
major depressive episode in addition to the normal response to a significant loss should also be carefully
considered. This decision inevitably requires the exercise of clinical judgment based on the individual’s
history and the cultural norms for the expression of distress in the contest of loss.

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Mood: anxiety, apathy, general discontent, guilt, hopelessness, loss of interest, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, mood swings, or sadness

Sleep: early awakening, excess sleepiness, insomnia, or restless sleep

Whole body: excessive hunger, fatigue, loss of appetite, or restlessness

Behavioral: agitation, excessive crying, irritability, or social isolation

Cognitive: lack of concentration, slowness in activity, or thoughts of suicide

Weight: weight gain or weight loss

Also common: poor appetite or repeatedly going over thoughts

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Major Depression

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Psychotic Depression

Peripartum (Postpartum) Depression

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

'Situational' Depression

Atypical Depression

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`Self-care

Avoid alcohol, Reduce caffeine intake, Physical exercise, Stress management, Quitting smoking, Relaxation techniques, and Healthy diet

`Therapies

Cognitive behavioral therapy, Meditation, and Psychotherapy

`Medications

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, Sedative, and Nerve pain medication

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Clinical psychologist

Treats mental disorders primarily with talk therapy.

Psychiatrist

Treats mental disorders primarily with medications.

Primary care provider (PCP)

Prevents, diagnoses, and treats diseases.

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Usually self-diagnosable

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Whole body: fatigue, restlessness, or sweating

Cognitive: lack of concentration, racing thoughts, or unwanted thoughts

Behavioral: hypervigilance or irritability

Also common: anxiety, excessive worry, fear, feeling of impending doom, insomnia, nausea, palpitations, or trembling

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A mental health disorder characterized by feelings of worry, anxiety, or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities