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1. PEN
- A weapon to strive for excellence.

2. NOTED
- Always focus in doing any task.

3. Clock inside letter "O"
- This clock symbolize time is gold.

4. Red colour line
- Brave and determine to try new things

5. Blue colour line
- Handle task with patience and calmness

6. White background
- All the task will be done with honesty and purity

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1) LOGO

Meaning: Keep updated with task needed to be completed according to its deadline by making schedules of task completion. Example, inform ourselves to complete a task at a certain time. Basically, you noted yourself.

2) MOTTO

- A goal without a plan is just a wish

Meaning: To succeed in life, we must start with a plan. We can't just sit and wait for succeed to happen, we have to think the ways to achieve our goals and move to plan B if plan A does not work. The feeling of accomplishing such dreams or goal is the only way to make ourselves feel proud and great.

3) MISSION

To focus on achieving dreams and goals with hardwork and determination

4) VISION

To be a valuable person in life

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1. LEADER
Melissa Tatiana Lupang

52466

melissalupang@yahoo.com

0146511090

2. Alvia binti Marcellinus

51153

alvia.marcel@gmail.com

0102462625

3. Antonius Ronaldo Anak Francis

51238

antoniusronaldo96@gmail.com

0128737402

4. Dina Farhana Binti Khairudin

51626

dinafarhana6612@gmail.com

0106619487

5. Mohd Nazreen Asfia

54751

mohdnazreenasfia@gmail.com

0168836992

6. Rayvienia Jane Rosalim

53641

rayvieniajane@gmail.com

0168805292

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WEEKLY MEETING 1:                                                        1.Brainstorming for Group's Logo and Details (22 September 2018)

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WEEKLY MEETING 1:                                                        1.Brainstorming for Group's Logo and Details (22 September 2018)

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Venue           : Anywhere, as long as there is connection.
Objective     : To come up with a logo and the mission/vision.
We didn't get to meet up personally. Hence, members communicate with each other on Whatsapp and eventually come up with a logo and its details.

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2. Prepare for Presentation (24 September 2018)

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2. Prepare for Presentation (24 September 2018)

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Venue       : Network Lab, FCSIT.
Objective : To prepare our Logo, Motto, Vision, Mission.
We divided tasks among members so that we could complete our preparation for presentation in lecture.

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Venue       : BS4, CTF1
Objective  : To present about our group.
We presented infront of everyone during lecture to intro about our group name, logo, mission and vision.

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Sir Jonathan used an interesting app to decide on each groups' topic for presentation.

Our lucky pick : Topic 2 Haptic Interface

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WEEKLY MEETING 2:                                                                               5. Group Discussion for Presentation (28th September 2018) 

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WEEKLY MEETING 2:                                                                               5. Group Discussion for Presentation (28th September 2018) 

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Venue       : Kiosk's Table, FCSIT
Objective : To discuss and divide tasks among members
Since our group will present on 8th October 2018, we made an initiative to meet up earand to discuss regarding what should we do and who should be doing for each part.

Assigned topic : Haptic Interfaces

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6.0 Preparation for Group Presentation (4 October 2018)

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6.0 Preparation for Group Presentation (4 October 2018)

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Venue             : Anywhere, as long there is connection.
Objective       : To prepare for presentation on 8th October 2018. We didn't get to meet up due to time constraint of each members. So, we communicate through Whatsapp by sending and compile the presentations slides.

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Date    : 6th October 2018
Venue : Anywhere as long there is connection

Due to time constraint of each member, we proceed with the first meeting through Whatsapp.

Agenda:
1. Assigning topic for journal finding.

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7.1 Presentation on Topic 2 Haptic Interfaces (8 October 2018)

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7.1 Presentation on Topic 2 Haptic Interfaces (8 October 2018)

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Venue             : BS4, CTF1
Objective       : To provide and give information about Haptic Interfaces to the whole classroom.

The presentation was divided into 6 parts:
1. Introduction about Haptic Interface. (Presented by Rayvienia Jane)

2. Medical & Military Application. (Presented by Dina Farhana)

3. Assistive Technology for the blind and visually impared & Museum Display. (Presented by Mohd Nazreen Asfia)

4. Entertainment & Holographic Interaction. (Presented by Alvia binti Marcellinus)

5. Pro's and Con's of Haptic Device & Future Haptic Device. (Presented by Melissa Lupang)

6. Activity in terms of quiz. (Conducted by Antonius Ronaldo)

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After the presentation on Haptic Interfaces, an activity was conducted for 20 minutes to make the presentation more fun and exciting. All the groups in MIT class have to participate in the activity.

An online roulette was provided to choose which group have to answer first. Each representative from each group will be asked to choose any numbers given and once a decision was made, they need to answer the question given. A gift of titbits were given to each group after they answer the question (does not matter right or wrong).

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Have a look and you can learn about Haptic Interfaces!

References:
Haptics-Assisted Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery Planning. (2018). Retrieved         from http://www.cb.uu.se/research/haptics_applications/cmf/

International, A. (2018). DOGO™ - Ultra Light Hand-Held Anti-Terror Robot -      Armada International. Retrieved from https://armadainternational.com   /2017/10/dogo-ultra-light-hand-held-anti-terror-robot/

The Touch of the Future - The promising future of Haptic Technology in     Medicine Architecture and More!. (2018). Retrieved from https://srushtiimx.com/blog/future-of-haptic-technology-in-medicine-architecture/

Will M. (2013) . Haptic Holography: The Next Mind-Blowing Technology.     Retrieved from http://mentalfloss.com/article/50739/haptic-holography-will-be-next-mind-blowing-technology

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7.4 Participation in other group's activity session (8 October 2018)

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7.4 Participation in other group's activity session (8 October 2018)

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Topic: Haptic Interfaces
One of our team members, Antonius Ronaldo participated in VULPES's quiz session.

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Date : 9th October 2018
Venue: FYP Lab, FIT
Time  : 4pm - 4.30pm

Agenda:
1. Choosing relevant journals to be summarize.

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8.0 Journal on Non-traditional Interfaces (10 October 2018) - Done by Melissa Lupang (52466)

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8.0 Journal on Non-traditional Interfaces (10 October 2018) - Done by Melissa Lupang (52466)

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Journal: R. Kumar, M. Alan & S. Bannerjee. (2004). User interface features influencing overall ease of use and personalization. Retrieved from http://booksc.xyz/book/4699799/c450fd

Summary: User perceptions of the significance of various interface factors in affecting overall ease of use differ significantly with personal characteristics such as age, sex and amount of computer experience. There are few types of analysis for the user interface designer to develop a better interface for users. Firstly, designers have to identify user interface factors that are significantly related to the overall ease of user. Other than that, using a protocol analysis can be used to gain a better understanding of user perceptions in interface features. Language used is an important factor for user interface designer to take note. This is because users and computer application designer often have different vocabularies. There are seven stages of action model in human computer interaction (HCI) which are forming a goal, forming the intention, specifying the action, executing the action, perceiving the system state, interpreting the system state and evaluating the outcome. Based on the action model, there are four critical points in HCI which failures can occur which are users could form inadequate goals, users might not find the correct interface features, users may not know how to carry out a desired action and user might receive inadequate or inconsistent feedback.

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8.1 Journal on Haptic Interfaces (10 October 2018) - Done by Melissa Lupang (52466)

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8.1 Journal on Haptic Interfaces (10 October 2018) - Done by Melissa Lupang (52466)

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Journal: Eid, M. A., & Al Osman, H. (2016). Affective Haptics: Current Research and Future Directions. IEEE Access, 4, 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2497316

Summary: Haptic Interfaces can be applied in numerous fields such as psychology, social science, computer science and engineering. Haptic interface discussed on how the sense of touch can detect or display emotions. Furthermore, haptic interfaces are very affective in technologies because it relies mainly on the high fidelity of haptic interaction. Moreover, the haptic interfaces show the same way how humans communicate touch with each other. One of the examples of using haptic interfaces is in novel reading technology. By implementing haptic interface in novel reading technology, user can use their sense of touch to read the novel with ease and comfort. In this journal, it explains how effective haptics interface towards humans.

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8.2 Photos of Haptic Interfaces (11 October 2018)

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8.2 Photos of Haptic Interfaces (11 October 2018)

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Date: 16th October 2018
Venue: Teaching Lab 1
Time: 11am - 12pm

Agenda:
1. One of our member, Antonious Ronaldo Anak Francis shares his ideas about weekly forum (Haptic Interface) discussion in eLeap.

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9.0 Participation in other group's activity session (15 October 2018)

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9.0 Participation in other group's activity session (15 October 2018)

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Topic: Gesture Interfaces
One of our team members, Melissa Lupang participated in Daedalus' quiz session. The team are using KAHOOT web application to do their activity. Melissa's participation represents all of the team members. It's was indeed a fun activity! :)

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9.1 Journal on Gesture Interfaces (17 October 2018) - Done by Alvia binti Marcellinus (51153)

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9.1 Journal on Gesture Interfaces (17 October 2018) - Done by Alvia binti Marcellinus (51153)

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Journal:  R. Agrawal and N. Gupta, "Real Time Hand Gesture Recognition for Human Computer Interaction," 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Advanced Computing (IACC), Bhimavaram, 2016, pp. 470-475.
doi: 10.1109/IACC.2016.93

Summary: Hand gestures are one of the most natural mode of communication among human being after verbal communication. Designing an HCI interface that uses hand gestures can be much more intuitive than traditional methods. A hand gesture recognition system to be able to successfully replace a mouse or keyboard needs to be able to precisely detect each finger and hand orientation in real time and should be robust to various changes in hand measurements, rotation, color and lighting. This is a very complex problem and requires advanced image processing and computer vision concepts. A lot of work on hand gesture recognition via computer vision approaches is being researched using different approaches. However, many of them are unnecessarily complex approaches which either require a supercomputer for training or are very taxing on the processor that they cannot be used in a real-world/real-time scenario. In this paper, a novel method based on computer vision is proposed for the automatic and precisely detection of a hand, accurately detect its contours and give a complete analysis for it using a set of algorithms to detect fingers, arm, and gestures without using any kind of markers or training data.

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Date: 23rd October 2018
Time: 8.49am - 9.30am
Venue: Anywhere, as long as there is connection

Agenda:
1. Discussing about the project that has been released in eLeap.

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10.0 Participation in other group's activity session (22 October 2018)

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10.0 Participation in other group's activity session (22 October 2018)

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Topic: Locomotive Interfaces

First Session - Group Kancil Merah
Two of our team members, Rayvienia Jane and Alvia binti Marcellinus participated in Kancil Merah's quiz session. The team is using KAHOOT web application to do their activity. It's was indeed a fun activity! :)

Second Session - Group Ohana
One of our team members, Alvia binti Marcellinus participated in Ohana' quiz session. The team needs to find the last five people survived to answer the quiz. Our team representative did well!

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10.1 Journal on Locomotion Interfaces (24 October 2018) - Done by Antonius Ronaldo Anak Francis (51238)

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10.1 Journal on Locomotion Interfaces (24 October 2018) - Done by Antonius Ronaldo Anak Francis (51238)

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Journal: Frank Steinicke, Gerd Bruder, Klaus Hinrichs, Anthony Steed, Alexander L. Gerlach, "Does a Gradual Transition to the Virtual World increase Presence?", Virtual Reality Conference 2009. VR 2009. IEEE, pp. 203-210, 2009.

Summary:
Concepts for virtual locomotion interfaces been introduced to support exploration of large-scale virtual environments (VEs) by real walking. Based on the results of a pilot study that have quantified to which degree users can unknowingly be redirected in order to guide them through an arbitrarily sized VE in which virtual paths differ from the paths tracked in the real working space. By means of this concept any number of virtual objects can be mapped to real proxy objects having similar haptic properties, for example, size, shape and surface structure, such that the user can sense these virtual objects by touching their real world counterparts. Thus dynamic passive haptics provides the user with the illusion of interacting with a desired virtual object by redirecting her/him to the corresponding proxy object. Besides, software-based solutions been introduced so that low-cost virtual locomotion interfaces can be provided. The interface has been designed according to guidelines which we have identified on the basis of the results of a pilot study. The challenge of natural traveling in limited tracking space has been resolved sufficiently by redirected walking approaches, whereas dynamic passive feedback provides the user with the possibility to touch virtual objects respectively associated proxy objects.

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Date: 30th October 2018
Venue: Teaching Lab 1
Time: 11am - 12pm

Agenda:
1. Our group members, Dina Farhana, Alvia binti Marcellinus and Rayvienia Jane conducted a weekly meeting to discuss about the forum discussion(Auditory Interface) in eLeap.
2. Three members (Melissa Lupang, Mohd Nazreen and Antonius Ronaldo) was not able to attend the meeting due to some circumstances.

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11.0 Journal on Auditory Interfaces (31st October 2018) - Done by Dina Farhana binti Khairudin (51626)

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11.0 Journal on Auditory Interfaces (31st October 2018) - Done by Dina Farhana binti Khairudin (51626)

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Journal: Effects of Auditory Feedback on Menu Selection in Hand-Gesture Interfaces

Summary: Tactile feedback in gesture interfaces is not impossible unless users are wearing a device with actuators, which makes auditory feedback an appropriate and unique alternative. Hand gesture interfaces can overcome physical limitations and explore big data using intuitive 3D interactions. Moreover, hand gesture can offer interaction methods without any devices attached to the user, providing the user with a means of control without the need for auxiliary devices. A marking menu was proposed by Gordon Kurtenbach which a well-known gesture-based menu selection application in which selections is performed by drawing a mark from center on a menu towards the desired menu item.  Raine Kajastila and Taipo Lokki were proposing an eye-free interaction with free-hand gestures using auditory menu that let users choose an auditory menu item with a circular hand gesture.

Auditory feedback in a gesture interface is about indicates transitions between menu items. Usually transitional auditory feedback is a short and percussive clicking sound that triggers on the boundary or center of a menu item. This auditory feedback also shown to be helpful for separating items on a circular menu as well and how much auditory feedback can affect the usability of menu selection in hand gesture interfaces.

Preemptive auditory feedback provides additional feedback just before the trigger sound at the boundary between menu items is imminent and informs users that the transition between menu items is imminent. While continuous auditory feedback is an alternative to generating auditory feedback at specific locations in the circular menu is to provide the user with constant auditory feedback.

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5 th - 9 th November 2019
We would like to take this opportunity to wish our beloved Indian friends,
HAPPY DIWALI ! ❤❤
May your Diwali be a celebration of beautiful colors and many sparkles

And not forgetting our dearest lecturer and coursemates,
hope you all enjoy your one week of Semester Break!❀

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WEEKLY MEETING 8: PROJECT (11th November 2018)

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WEEKLY MEETING 8: PROJECT (11th November 2018)

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Date: 11th November 2018
Time: Anytime
Venue: Anywhere as long as there is connection.
(a) Project Topic: Haptic Interface

(b) Assigning task:
1. Introduction, Conclusion & Future Work
- Rayvienia Jane Rosalim

2. Haptic in Medical
- Dina Farhana binti Khairudin

3. Haptic in Learning/Education
- Melissa Tatiana Lupang

4. Haptic in Technology (e.g. Assistive Technology for the Blind and Visually
Impaired)
- Mohd Nazreen Asfia

5. Haptic in Entertainment
- Alvia binti Marcellinus

6. Haptic Halography
- Antonious Ronaldo Anak Francis

(c) Each member requirements
~ One member must have  AT LEAST 5 journals (minimum)
~ 2-3 pages for each topic
~ Each member must submit their work by 30th November 2018.

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12.0 Participation in other group's activity session (12 November 2018)

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12.0 Participation in other group's activity session (12 November 2018)

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Topic: Voice and Interactive Voice Response Interface

First Session - Group Sapheiros / Second Session - Group Legion
All the team members participated in Sapheiros' and Legion's group activity sessions. These groups are using KAHOOT web application to do their activity. It's was indeed a fun activity! :)

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12.1 Journal on Voice and Interactive Voice Response Interfaces (13th November 2018) - Done by Rayvienia Jane Rosalim (53641)

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12.1 Journal on Voice and Interactive Voice Response Interfaces (13th November 2018) - Done by Rayvienia Jane Rosalim (53641)

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Journal:  Saqquaf, S. M., Araballi, S., Bhagyalakshmi, P., Mahadeek, S. S., & Varsha. M. (2016). Dynamically Automated Interactive Voice Response System for Smart city Surveillance. IEEE Access, 5, 20–21. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7808017

Summary:
Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) is an automated system which is multi-lingual and makes use of text-to-speech technology. A text-to-speech system is used to convert any normal language text into speech or better known as completely synthetic voice output. One of the examples of IVRS written in this journal is Automated Interactive Voice Response System for Smart City Surveillance. For instance,  a Student Enquiry System used in schools/educational institutions which acquire information in a timely manner thus being one of the activities for the salubrious connectivity in a smart city. IVRS enables the caller to retrieve required information from database, or upgrade information into database by just placing a normal call, then the ring detector hardware will identify the caller and connects identified caller to a computer. The Student Enquiry System able to provide automated voice services over the phone to students. The purpose of constructing a smart city is to improve the quality of life by means of advanced technology and to improvise the productivity of services to cater the needs of various applications. Thus, by implementing IVRS, it would gives a fast and reliable response to users' needs as well as to enhance the essence of life.

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Date: 17th November 2018
Time: 11am - 12 pm
Venue: SIR Room

Agenda:
1. Discussion on Learning Unit 6 Voice and IVR Interfaces question given by Sir Jonathan Sidi.
2. Everyone gave their ideas on the learning unit 6.

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13.0 Participation in other group's activity session (19 November 2018)

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13.0 Participation in other group's activity session (19 November 2018)

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Topic: Olfactory Interface

First Session - Group Error404 / Second Session - Group Belle Femme
Two of our team members, Antonius Ronaldo and Nazreen Asfia participated in Group Error404 and Belle Femme's activity sessions. Both of these teams are using KAHOOT for their quiz session. Our teammates did a great job.

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Let's Dance by Group Belle Femme

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13.1 Journal on Olfactory Interfaces (20th November 2018) - Done by Mohd Nazreen Asfia (54751)

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13.1 Journal on Olfactory Interfaces (20th November 2018) - Done by Mohd Nazreen Asfia (54751)

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Journal:
Chen, Y. (2006). Olfactory display: development and application in virtual reality therapy. 16th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence--Workshops,580-584.

Summary:
The olfaction play an important role to our life in the real world because it provide so much information to our body and add an extra depth in our immersion yet these type of sense have been largely ignored for so long in virtual environment because it is considered to contribute little to their experience. As of the recent innovation regarding the use of virtual reality to commercialized use, the potential usage of smell aspect provided by olfactory display have attracted much more people to develop and experiment many types of device. These devices are meant to provide scents for shifting attention and enhance mental state that can result in various beneficial applications in other areas. Some example of these areas are simulation of handling hazardous materials, firefighting training, medical diagnosis, and entertainment cinema. However, these applications are still being faced by the fact that the complexity of sense of smell  and is limited by the high cost and low effectiveness of the chemical combination that can be produce for specific smell.

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“Meta Cookie” is the world’s first cross-modal gustatory display to change the perceived taste of a cookie by overlaying visual and olfactory information onto a real cookie

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Date : 20th November 2018
Time : Anytime
Venue : Anywhere as long as there is connection.

Due to public holiday on 20th November 2018, we decided to make a meeting through Whatsapp.

Agenda:
1.  Project Progress
- Rayvienia Jane posted her project progress on Whatsapp Group chat.
- Every member required to update their progress.

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14.0 Participation in other group's activity session (26 November 2018)

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14.0 Participation in other group's activity session (26 November 2018)

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Topic: Taste Interface

First Session - Group Greek & Freaks / Second Session - Group WildBlue
We had our Quiz session using KAHOOT web application, three of our team members; Dina Farhana, Antonius Ronaldo and Rayvienia Jane participated in Greek & Freaks' quiz session.

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What an interesting Food Testing session by WildBlue :D
These volunteers get to taste the 5 tastes which are; Bitter, Sour, Salty, Umami & Sweet.

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Date: 27th November 2018
Venue: Teaching Lab 1
Time: 11 am - 12pm

Agenda:
1. Discussion about Multimodal Interaction Technology (MIT) project progress. Nazreen shares his questions and thoughts about the project.
2. Members who is not able to attend: Rayvienia Jane, Alvia binti Marcellinus and Dina Farhana.

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14.1 Journal on Taste Interfaces (27th November 2018) 

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14.1 Journal on Taste Interfaces (27th November 2018) 

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Done by:
- Melissa Tatiana Lupang (52466)
- Rayvienia Jane Rosalim (53641)

Journal 1: N. Ranashinghe, R. Nakatsu & H. Nii. (2018). Tongue mounted interface for digitally actuating the sense of taste. Retrieved from https://course.ccs.neu.edu/is4300f12/ssl/tongue.pdf

Summary 1: In this paper, it discussed a method to digitally stimulate the sense of taste and demonstrate based on electrical and thermal stimulation on human tongue. There are two system developed which are the Tongue Mounted Digital Taste Interface and Digital Sour Lollipop. The Tongue Mounted Digital Taste Interface is a system that is able to stimulate the three sense of taste which is sour (strong), bitter (mild) and salty (mild). Furthermore, the Digital Sour Lollipop was developed to control the sour taste digitally. In this system, it is capable to control the digital sour taste in three intensity levels.  Both systems will be further enhanced to develop a new application in remote multi-sensory interactions such as communicating taste sensations. For instance, the possibility of tasting food remotely without physically consuming it.

Journal 2: I. Hiro., Y. Hiroaki., U. Takahiro., & M. Tetsuro. (2004). Food Simulator: A Haptic Interfacce for Biting. IEEE Access, 51 - 57. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1310055

Summary 2:
Taste is an important sense that is seldom used in traditional displays. It is a nature of underlying sense and the difficulty of implementing unobtrusive devices that have made taste interface so difficult. In this journal, a system is implemented to simulate a biting force and it should be suitably controlled to simulate food texture. The second goal is to present a multi-modal sensation to the user. Hence, biting sounds and chemical tastes should be integrated with the haptic interface. The taste of food arises from a combination of chemical, auditory, olfactory and haptic sensation. The simulator generates a force on the user's teeth as an indication of food texture from the mouth of a person biting real food.  A film-like force sensor is used to measure biting force associated with real food. A food sensor is installed in the Food Simulator and the device is actuated using force control methods. A sound of biting is captured by a bone vibration microphone. The sound then replayed using a bone vibration speaking and synchronizing with the biting action. Lastly the chemical sensation of taste is produced using an injection pump, with a tube installed at the end effector.

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Can we share the same tasting experience digitally and remotely?

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Digital Taste Interface (Electric Taste and Thermal Taste)

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15.0 Participation in other group's activity session (3rd December 2018)

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15.0 Participation in other group's activity session (3rd December 2018)

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Topic: Small-screen Interface

First Session - Unpredictable  / Second Session - Insane
Two of our team members; Alvia Marcellinus and Antonius Ronaldo participated in the groups' quiz sessions.

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Congratulations to Antonius Ronaldo for winning this snacks by answering the right answer during Insane's quiz session

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15.1 Journal on Small-screen Interfaces (4th December 2018)

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15.1 Journal on Small-screen Interfaces (4th December 2018)

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Done by:
- Alvia binti Marcellinus (51153)
- Dina Farhana binti Khairudin (51626)

Journal 1: Kurosawa, H., Sakamoto, D., & Ono, T. (2018). MyoTilt. Proceedings Of The 20Th International Conference On Human-Computer Interaction With Mobile Devices And Services - Mobilehci '18. doi: 10.1145/3229434.3229457

Summary 1: A smartwatch is one of a small-screen interface wearable device. It can be easily accessible and may be used for various functions that aid everyday life such as notification display of social networking services and health management utilizing sensing data. However, due to the small size of its interactive display, interaction areas are limited. So, in order to increase the function of the small-screen interface, MyoTilt target selection method is presented which employs a combination of a tilt operation and electromyography (EMG). First, a user tilts his/her arm to indicate the direction of cursor movement on the smartwatch then she/he applies forces on the arm. EMG senses the force and moves the cursor to the direction where the user is tilting his/her arm to manipulate the cursor. In this way, the user can simply manipulate the cursor on the smartwatch with minimal effort, by tiling the arm and applying force to it. Experiments shows that the operation accuracy of MyoTilt was significantly higher than those of previous tilting perations under both stationary and walking conditions. Likewise, its accuracy was stable as targets became smaller, indicating that the method is unaffected by the “fat finger problem”.

Journal 2: T. AbuHmed, K. Lee and D. Nyang, "UOIT Keyboard: A Constructive Keyboard for Small Touchscreen Devices," in IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 782-789, Dec. 2015.
doi: 10.1109/THMS.2015.2449309

Summary 2:

One of the main features of software keyboards is the flexibility of customization to support multiple languages, key layouts, and screen orientations. However, on-screen keyboards have several shortcomings, including no tactile feedback for enhancing touch-typing accuracy [2] and the small size of the keys. Small screen causes the input rate decrease and the error rate increases.

One solution towards this problem is space limitation of a software keyboard by proposing a new-entry method for small-sized touchscreen devices. This method uses deterministic key combinations for the constructions of letters which give result it requires no more than two keystrokes per latter and avoid the letter-recognition problems associated with Graffiti writing and free-writing. The design of the UOIT keyboard is inspired by the need for a less crowded text-entry method that allows for easier and more error-free tapping. Several constructive entry methods have been invented to assist with the entry of the valid Korean characters on a small screen. In the Korean language, one character or one syllabic block is constructed by placing two to five consonant and vowel letters horizontally and/or vertically within a small imaginary square. The number of consonants and vowels are 14 and 10, respectively, and the number of mathematically possible syllabic blocks is 11 172, more than can be accommodated by any size of screen.

For English letters, we divided the 26 letters into two groups: eight require one stroke and 18 require two strokes. For the 18-letter group, we broke each letter into two drawing segments and extracted the common drawing components: five symbolic keys (||, − , ⋅, ⊃, |) and U, O, T, C, P, and V, where U, O, T, C, P, and V along with A and E are single-stroke letters. The 18 letters can be composed by combining the two drawing components in the correct order as illustrated in Fig. 2. Obviously, the number of strokes is increased in the UOIT keyboard, but the size of the keys is enlarged.

The UOIT keyboard has 13 letter keys that can be used to express 31: 26 English letters and five common punctuation marks (i.e., period, question mark, comma, dash, and apostrophe). It uses only 41.9% (=100×13/(26+5)) of the keys from the standard QWERTY keyboard. Six functional keys are also included (i.e., space, shift, number flip key, enter, keyboard switch, and delete key), as shown in Fig. 1(b). The number flip key at the bottom left of the UOIT keyboard is used to flip to input numbers and special symbols as in the standard QWERTY keyboard, whereas the keyboard switch key is to switch to another keyboard layout. Because the number of keys in the UOIT keyboard is cut approximately in half, each key can occupy twice the width of a key in the QWERTY keyboard, as shown in Fig. 1. These large keys help a user to experience exact tapping of intended keys.

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Date: 4th December 2018
Venue: Anywhere, as long as there is connection.
Time: 9.50pm - 10.30pm

Agenda:
1. Due to time constraint and all the members are not able to meet each other, we conducted our meeting using Whatsapp to discuss and compile our project report.

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16.0 Participation in other group's activity session (10tDecember 2018)

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16.0 Participation in other group's activity session (10tDecember 2018)

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Topic: Multimodal Interface

First Session - NoMore10  / Second Session - MIG

On this session, both group NoMore10 and MIG have presented their topic on Multimodal Interface and conducted Kahoot for their activities. Our group members, Antonious, Dina and Rayvienia have joined the activities.

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16.1 Journal on Multimodal Interfaces (11th December 2018)

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16.1 Journal on Multimodal Interfaces (11th December 2018)

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Done by:
- Antonius Ronaldo Anak Francis (51238)
- Mohd Nazreen Asfia (54751)

Journal 1: Mithun George Jacob, Juan P. Wachs, "Optimal Modality Selection for Cooperative Human–Robot Task Completion", Cybernetics IEEE Transactions on, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 3388-3400, 2016.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1167021

Summary 1:
Multimodal systems have become more popular nowadays due to the increasing accurancy of perceptual input systems such as speech recognition, handwriting recognition, vision recognition and the increasing ubiquity of heterogeneous computing devices such as cellular telephones, handheld devices, laptops, and whiteboard computers. Designers are increasingly faced with the challenge of targeting multimodal applications, those that span heterogeneous devices and use multimodal input, but do not have tools to support them. It is important to look at the end-user's tool of the future as not a solitary PC, but as a diverse set of smart, cooperating devices, ranging from laptops to PDA's to cell phones to web tablets. Some of these devices do not have keyboard and mouse, and thus multimodal interaction techniques, such as pen input, speech input, or other perceptual input, are required to interface with them. Some prototyping techniques and tools have been proposed so that designers been allowed to informally prototype multi-device, multimodal interaction, opening this challenging design space to additional designers.

Journal 2:Jaimes, A., Sebe, N. (2005). Multimodal human computer interaction: a survey. IEEE International Workshop on Human Computer Interaction, pp. 1-15 doi: 10.1007/11573425_1
https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2131158

Summary 2:
This paper explain about the multimodal human computer interaction that requires the use of natural interface in many applications to be effective. As computers becoming more integrated into common objects to help human finish everyday tasks, the need of forming more natural commands is becoming important for computers as it creates more efficient communication with the human. The use of combination of modalities that focus on gather user’s information and present the right solution of a task on a right time. The interfaces that was focus on were the perceptual and attentive interface of the multimodal techniques. These techniques can be applied in a wide variety of applications scenarios that are present in our lives. Such examples of the applications are the large scale body movement tracking, gesture recognition and gaze detection that can greatly improve the experience and create more seamless service for the end user.

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16.2 Mindmap on Multimodal Interface for better understanding

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16.2 Mindmap on Multimodal Interface for better understanding

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Project Consultation from Sir Jonathan Sidi 

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Project Consultation from Sir Jonathan Sidi 

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Our team members, Dina and Rayvienia consult Sir Jonathan Sidi regarding project's report.

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Progress on Journal Report (10th December 2018)

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Progress on Journal Report (10th December 2018)

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The completion of our Project Report. Thank you to all members for their contribution 👍

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Date: 13th December 2018
Venue: Anywhere, as long as there is connection.
Time: 3pm - 4.10

Agenda:
1. Due to time constraint and all the members are not able to meet each other, we have decided to conduct a meeting using Whatsapp.
2. Compilation and review on project final report for submission.

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                                              STUDY WEEK

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                                              STUDY WEEK

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Finals are coming! It's time take a study break.

We would like to take this opportunity to wish, each and everyone of the group members of TMT4053 goodluck and all the best for their upcoming final examination. May the force be with us all, always.

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                                         APPRECIATION POST

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                                         APPRECIATION POST

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TMT4053 Multimodal Interaction Technology course has come to an end. We, iNOTED group members would like to express our gratitude towards Mr. Jonathan Sidi for his hardworks and effort in guiding us throughout the semester. It was such an honor to have Sir as our lecturer for this course. We have learned so much from the first week until the end. We really had fun attending Sir lectures, as his method of teaching is unique and fun.

Thank you very much, Sir! We wish you all the best in future :)