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Stanley Lloyd Miller (March 7, 1930 – May 20, 2007) was an American chemist who made landmark experiments in the origin of life by demonstrating that a wide range of vital organic compounds can be synthesized by fairly simple chemical processes from inorganic substances.

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Alfred Wegener was a German meteorologist who achieved fame for his theory of continental drift. This was a theory he put forth in 1912 that the continents had not always been in their present locations, but instead, drifted across the ocean towards and away from each other.

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DNA may be the most famous molecule in the world today, but it came to the attention of scientists rather late in the history of biology. They knew that cells contained several different types of molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids.

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He Helped Discover Evolution, And Then Became Extinct. The research of British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) played a pivotal role in developing the theory of natural selection.

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Taxonomy is the part of science that focuses on naming and classifying or grouping organisms. A Swedish naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus is considered the 'Father of Taxonomy' because, in the 1700s, he developed a way to name and organize species that we still use today.

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Note that, while he does propose natural selection and puts forth a non-creationist view of nature, he doesn't really propose a theory which is similar to evolution. He suggests that novel creatures are literally born out of Earth.

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He originated the theory of uniformitarianism—a fundamental principle of geology—that explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time.

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He found out that surgery was not his calling and started studying to be a clergyman at Christ College, Cambridge. He obtained his degree in Theology in 1831.